BS 7533-13-2009 Pavements constructed with clay natural stone or concrete pavers - Guide for the design of permeable pavements constructed with concrete paving blocks and flags nat.pdf

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1、Pavements constructed with clay, natural stone or concrete paversPart 13: Guide for the design of permeable pavements constructed with concrete paving blocks and flags, natural stone slabs and setts and clay paversBS 7533-13:2009raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS

2、PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI British StandardsBS 7533-13:2009 BRITISH STANDARDPublishing and copyright informationThe BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. BSI 2009 ISBN 978 0 580 58077 2ICS 93.080.20The following BSI references relate to the w

3、ork on this standard: Committee reference B/507 Draft for comment 07/30159351 DCPublication historyFirst published March 2009Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affected BRITISH STANDARD BSI 2009 iBS 7533-13:2009ContentsForeword iii1 Scope 12 Normative references 13 Terms and definitions 24

4、 General design criteria 35 Design 96 Selection of pavement components 16AnnexesAnnex A (normative) Grading recommendations for base, laying course and joint filling material 20Annex B (informative) Typical physical properties of replacement systems (geo-cellular) units 22Annex C (informative) Typic

5、al filter fabric specification used in the upper layer 23Annex D (informative) A structural design example 24Bibliography 26List of figuresFigure 1 Typical location of geotextile 3Figure 2 Typical section of total infiltration construction (System A) 4Figure 3 Typical section of partial infiltration

6、 (System B) 5Figure 4 Typical section of no infiltration construction (System C) 6Figure A.1 Grading curve example 21List of tablesTable 1 Guidance on selection of a pavement system 8Table 2 Soil classification guide 8Table 3 Sub-base thickness for System A 11Table 4 Sub-base thickness for System C

7、11Table 5 Sub-base thickness for System C collecting impermeable area 12Table 6 Loading categories 13Table 7 System A and B selection of pavement course material and thickness 14Table 8 System C selection of pavement course material and thickness 14Table 9 Additional thickness of coarse graded mater

8、ial for System A and System B 15Table 10 Total thickness of capping material for System C 15Table 11 Determination of standard axles using the base as a service road 16Table 12 Determination of DBM thickness for total number of standard axles 16Table A.1 Sub-base grading 20Table A.2 Laying course an

9、d jointing material grading 20Table A.3 Physical property recommendation for CGA 21Table B.1 Typical physical properties 22Table C.1 Filter fabric specification 23Summary of pagesThis document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i to iv, pages 1 to 26, an inside back cover and a ba

10、ck cover.BS 7533-13:2009ii BSI 2009BRITISH STANDARDThis page deliberately left blankBRITISH STANDARD BSI 2009 iiiBS 7533-13:2009ForewordPublishing informationThis part of BS 7533 is published by BSI and came into effect on 31 March 2009. It was prepared by Technical Committee B/507, Paving units, ke

11、rbs, screeds and in-situ floorings. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.Relationship with other publicationsBS 7533 consists of the following parts: Part 1: Guide for the structural design of heavy duty pavements constructed of clay paver

12、s or precast concrete paving blocks; Part 2: Guide for the structural design of lightly trafficked pavements constructed of clay pavers or precast concrete paving blocks; Part 3: Code of practice for laying precast concrete paving blocks and clay pavers for flexible pavements; Part 4: Code of practi

13、ce for the construction of pavements of precast concrete flags or natural stone slabs; Part 5: Guide for the design of pavements (other than structural aspects); Part 6: Code of practice for laying natural stone, precast concrete and clay kerb units; Part 7: Code of practice for the construction of

14、pavements of natural stone setts and cobbles; Part 8: Guide for the structural design of lightly trafficked pavements of precast concrete flags and natural stone slabs; Part 9: Code of practice for the construction of rigid pavements of clay pavers; Part 10: Guide for the structural design of traffi

15、cked pavements constructed of natural stone setts; Part 11: Code of practice for the opening, maintenance and reinstatement of pavements of concrete, clay and natural stone; Part 12: Guide to the structural design of trafficked pavements constructed on a bound base using concrete paving flags and na

16、tural stone slabs; Part 13: Guide for the design of permeable pavements constructed with concrete paving blocks and flags, natural stone slabs and setts and clay pavers.Use of this documentAs a guide, this part of BS 7533 takes the form of guidance and recommendations. It should not be quoted as if

17、it were a specification and particular care should be taken to ensure that claims of compliance are not misleading.Any user claiming compliance with this part of BS 7533 is expected to be able to justify any course of action that deviates from its recommendations.BS 7533-13:2009iv BSI 2009BRITISH ST

18、ANDARDPresentational conventionsThe provisions in this standard are presented in roman (i.e. upright) type. Its recommendations are expressed in sentences in which the principal auxiliary verb is “should”.Commentary, explanation and general informative material is presented in smaller italic type, a

19、nd does not constitute a normative element.The word “should” is used to express recommendations of this standard. The word “may” is used in the text to express permissibility, e.g. as an alternative to the primary recommendation of the clause. The word “can” is used to express possibility, e.g. a co

20、nsequence of an action or an event.Notes and commentaries are provided throughout the text of this standard. Notes give references and additional information that are important but do not form part of the recommendations. Commentaries give background information.Contractual and legal considerationsT

21、his publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.BRITISH STANDARD BSI 2009 1BS 7533-13:20091 ScopeThis part of BS 7533 gives guida

22、nce on the design of permeable pavements surfaced with: concrete paving blocks manufactured in accordance with BS EN 1338; concrete paving flags manufactured in accordance with BS EN 1339; natural stone slabs manufactured in accordance with BS EN 1341; natural stone setts manufactured in accordance

23、with BS EN 1342; and clay pavers manufactured in accordance with BS EN 1344.and laid in accordance with BS 7533-3. It applies to all pavements subjected to the usual road spectrum of axle loads up to 8 000 kg, including both highway pavements and light industrial pavements where the traffic is simil

24、ar in character to highway vehicles. It specifically excludes heavy duty pavements with traffic and other applications such as aircraft pavements and those in ports and specialized industrial areas.2 Normative referencesThe following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this

25、 document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.BS 1377-4:1990+A2:2002, Methods of test for soils for civil engineering purposes Part 4: Compaction-related testsBS 1377-9, Method

26、s for test for soils for civil engineering purposes Part 9: In-situ testsBS 6100-3, Building and civil engineering Vocabulary Part 3: Civil engineering GeneralBS 7533-1:2001, Pavements constructed with clay, natural stone or concrete pavers Part 1: Guide for the structural design of heavy duty pavem

27、ents constructed of clay pavers or precast concrete paving blocksBS 7533-3, Pavements constructed with clay, natural stone or concrete pavers Part 3: Code of practice for laying precast concrete paving blocks and clay pavers for flexible pavementsBS EN 752, Drain and sewer systems outside buildingsB

28、S EN 993-1, Methods of test for dense shaped refractory products Part 1: Determination of bulk density, apparent porosity and true porosityBS EN 1097-6:2000+A1:2005, Tests for mechanical and physical properties of aggregates Part 6: Determination of particle density and water absorptionBS EN 1338, C

29、oncrete paving blocks Requirements and test methodsBS EN 1339, Concrete paving flags Requirements and test methodsBS 7533-13:20092 BSI 2009BRITISH STANDARDBS EN 1341, Slabs of natural stone for external paving Requirements and test methodsBS EN 1342, Setts of natural stone for external paving Requir

30、ements and test methodsBS EN 1344, Clay pavers Requirements and test methodsBS EN 12457-3, Characterisation of waste Leaching Compliance test for leaching of granular waste materials and sludges Part 3: Two stage batch test at a liquid to solid ratio of 2 l/kg and 8 l/kg for materials with a high so

31、lid content and with a particle size below 4 mm (without or with size reduction)BS EN 12620, Aggregates for concreteBS EN 13242:2002+A1:2007, Aggregates for unbound and hydraulically bound materials for use in civil engineering work and road constructionHIGHWAYS AGENCY. Manual of Contract Documents

32、for Highway Works, Volume 1: Specification for Highway Works. London: The Stationery Office.3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this part of BS 7533, the terms and definitions given in BS EN 1339, BS 6100-3 and the following apply.3.1 paving uniteither a concrete paving block or flag, natura

33、l stone slab or sett or clay paver designed to allow water ingress into the pavement sub-layers3.2 laying course layer of material on which paving units are bedded3.3 subgrade upper part of the soil, natural or constructed, that supports the loads transmitted by the overlying pavement3.4 sub-base on

34、e or more layers of open graded material placed immediately above the subgrade 3.5 standard axleaxle carrying a load of 8 200 kg3.6 permeable pavementpavement consisting of a surface course of paving units laid with wide joints, voids or openings that allows water to pass through the pavement constr

35、uction into an open graded sub-base that is designed for storage or attenuation of storm water3.7 geo-cellular box systemstorm water storage system comprising a series of modular plastic boxes clipped together to form a void either for the storage or attenuation of storm water3.8 jointing materialma

36、terial applied to fill the joints between paving unitsNOTE See Annex B for gradings for jointing material.BRITISH STANDARD BSI 2009 3BS 7533-13:20093.9 geotextilepermeable textile, mesh, net or grid that allows water to flow through and prevents migration of particulates between construction layers

37、NOTE Can be used in the upper layer or lower layer position of the construction (see Figure 1).Figure 1 Typical location of geotextileConcrete block permeable pavement12345Key1 Laying course2 Upper geotextile3 Lower geotextile 4 Sub-base5 Subgrade3.10 coarse graded aggregatemain structural and hydra

38、ulic functional layer with particle within the range 20 mm to 4 mm3.11 hydraulically bound coarse graded aggregatelayer to strengthen and stiffen the pavement3.12 capping layersubgrade improvement layerlayer of granular or treated material at the top of the subgrade to improve foundation for the pav

39、ement 3.13 impermeable membrane membrane which contains all the water entering the pavement and being detained within the structure4 General design criteria4.1 Basis of designA permeable pavement is an effective means of providing a structural pavement suitable for pedestrians and vehicular traffic

40、whilst allowing water to pass straight through the surface into the pavement construction for temporary storage, storm attenuation and dispersal to the ground or collection. A permeable pavement needs to be able to capture the specified amount of water to be retained and then discharge it in a contr

41、olled manner through the subgrade or drainage system. At the same time, the pavement has to be able to withstand the loadings imposed by vehicles. The design of the pavement is approached by considering the sub-base thickness required to meet both the hydraulic factors and the loading factors. The g

42、reater sub-base thickness identified for either of these factors is adopted.BS 7533-13:20094 BSI 2009BRITISH STANDARD4.2 Design considerations4.2.1 GeneralDesign for pavements is in two parts, support the traffic load and manage the surface water effectively, which are considered separately. There a

43、re three types of permeable pavement systems as given in 4.2.2, 4.2.3 and 4.2.4.4.2.2 System A total infiltrationSystem A (see Figure 2) allows all water falling onto the pavement to infiltrate down through the joints or voids between the paving units passing through the constructed layers below and

44、 eventually into the subgrade. Some retention of the water will occur temporarily in the sub-base layer allowing for initial storage before it eventually passes through. System A offers a solution with zero discharge, i.e. no additional water is discharged eliminating the need for associated traditi

45、onal drainage systems such as gulleys and associated pipe work. In some situations, overflows might be needed to provide support drainage in storm conditions.Figure 2 Typical section of total infiltration construction (System A)123546Key1 Jointing material2 Laying course3 Geotextile (optional)4 Coar

46、se graded aggregate5 Geotextile (optional)6 SubgradeBRITISH STANDARD BSI 2009 5BS 7533-13:20094.2.3 System B partial infiltrationSystem B (see Figure 3) allows all water falling onto the pavement to infiltrate down through the joints or voids between units passing through into the sub-base. A series

47、 of perforated pipes or fin-drains are normally laid at or near the top of subgrade to collect and to allow excess water to be drained to suitable sustainable drainage systems, e.g. sewers, swales or watercourses or a drainage system if permitted. NOTE System B can be used in situations where the ex

48、isting subgrade might not be capable of absorbing all the water. This system can, therefore, prevent the existing soil from losing its stability.Figure 3 Typical section of partial infiltration (System B)1235467Key1 Jointing material2 Laying course3 Geotextile (optional)4 Coarse graded aggregate5 Ge

49、otextile (optional)6 Drainage pipe7 Subgrade4.2.4 System C no infiltrationSystem C (see Figure 4) allows for the complete capture of the water using an impermeable, flexible membrane placed on top of the formation level and to the sides of the sub-base to effectively form a storage tank. A series of perforated pipes or fin-drains are placed on top of the impermeable membrane to transmit the water to sewers, watercourses or treatment systems.NOTE 1 System