BS 7533-12-2006 Pavements constructed with clay natural stone or concrete pavers - Guide to the structural design of trafficked pavements constructed on a bound base using concrete.pdf

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1、BS 7533-12:2006Pavements constructed with clay, natural stone or concrete pavers Part 12: Guide to the structural design of trafficked pavements constructed on a bound base using concrete paving flags and natural stone slabsICS 93.080.20NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRI

2、GHT LAWBRITISH STANDARDPublishing and copyright informationThe BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. BSI 2006ISBN 0 580 48087 9The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard:Committee reference B/507Draft for comment 05/3012236

3、4 DCPublication historyFirst published November 2006Amendments issued since publicationAmd. no. Date Text affectedBS 7533-12:2006 BSI 2006 iBS 7533-12:2006ContentsForeword iii1 Scope 12 Normative references 13 Terms and definitions 14 Structure of pavement 35 General design criteria 46 Materials 67

4、Design 78 Preparation, construction and tolerances 10AnnexesAnnex A (informative) Worked examples 11Annex B (normative) Base thickness design 13Annex C (informative) Physical properties of surface course material 14Annex D (informative) Guidance on slab thickness in relationship to length:width rati

5、o 15Bibliography 16List of figuresFigure 1 Typical cross-section of a pavement 3List of tablesTable 1 Site categories for typical vehicle applications 5Table 2 Jointing material recommendations 7Table 3 Laying course material recommendations 7Table 4 CBR values for different materials 8Table 5 Stand

6、ard axles per commercial vehicle 9Table B.1 Capping sub-base thickness 13Table B.2 Roadbase thickness Dimensions in mm 13Table B.3 Minimum paving unit thickness Dimensions in mm 13Table C.1 Recommended properties of surface course material (rock) 14Table C.2 Recommended properties of surface coursem

7、aterial (concrete) 14Table D.1 8 MPa flexural strength 15Table D.2 12 MPa flexural strength 15Table D.3 15 MPa flexural strength 15Summary of pagesThis document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i to iv, pages 1 to 16, an inside back cover and a back cover.BS 7533-12:2006ii BSI 2

8、006 This page deliberately left blank BSI 2006 iiiBS 7533-12:2006ForewordPublishing informationThis part of BS 7533 was published by BSI and came into effect on 30 November 2006. It was prepared by Technical Committee B/507, Paving units, kerbs, screeds and in-situ floorings. A list of organizations

9、 represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.Relationship with other publicationsBS 7533 consists of the following parts: Part 1: Guide for the structural design of heavy duty pavements constructed of clay pavers or precast concrete paving blocks; Part 2: Guide for the

10、structural design of lightly trafficked pavements constructed of clay pavers or precast concrete paving blocks; Part 3: Code of practice for laying precast concrete paving blocks and clay pavers for flexible pavements; Part 4: Code of practice for the construction of pavements of precast concrete fl

11、ags or natural stone slabs; Part 5: Guide for the design of pavements (other than structural aspects); Part 6: Code of practice for laying natural stone, precast concrete and clay kerb units; Part 7: Code of practice for the construction of pavements of natural stone setts and cobbles; Part 8: Guide

12、 for the structural design of lightly trafficked pavements of precast concrete flags and natural stone slabs; Part 9: Code of practice for the construction of rigid pavements of clay pavers; Part 10: Guide for the structural design of trafficked pavements constructed of natural stone setts; Part 11:

13、 Code of practice for the opening, maintenance and reinstatement of pavements of concrete, clay and natural stone; Part 12: Guide to the structural design of trafficked pavements constructed on a bound base using concrete paving flags and natural stone slabs.Use of this documentAs a code of practice

14、, this part of BS 7533 takes the form of guidance and recommendations. It should not be quoted as if it were a specification and particular care should be taken to ensure that claims of compliance are not misleading.Any user claiming compliance with this part of BS 7533 is expected to be able to jus

15、tify any course of action that deviates from its recommendations.BS 7533-12:2006iv BSI 2006It has been assumed in the preparation of this British Standard that the execution of its provisions will be entrusted to appropriately qualified and experienced people, for whose use it has been produced.Pres

16、entational conventionsThe provisions in this standard are presented in roman (i.e. upright) type. Its recommendations are expressed in sentences in which the principal auxiliary verb is “should”.Commentary, explanation and general informative material is presented in smaller italic type, and does no

17、t constitute a normative element.The word “should” is used to express recommendations of this standard. The word “may” is used in the text to express permissibility, e.g. as an alternative to the primary recommendation of the clause. The word “can” is used to express possibility, e.g. a consequence

18、of an action or an event.Notes and commentaries are provided throughout the text of this standard. Notes give references and additional information that are important but do not form part of the recommendations. Commentaries give background information.Contractual and legal considerationsThis public

19、ation does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. BSI 2006 1BS 7533-12:20061 ScopeThis part of BS 7533 provides guidance on the design of bo

20、und pavements surfaced with concrete paving flags manufactured in accordance with BS EN 1339 and natural stone slabs manufactured in accordance with BS EN 1341, both laid in accordance with BS 7533-4. It applies to all pavements including those subjected to commercial vehicular traffic travelling at

21、 speeds less than 50 kph with a design life of 40 years.NOTE Guidance on reinstatement is given in BS 7533-11.2 Normative referencesThe following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,

22、 the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.BS 6100-2, Glossary of building and civil engineering terms Part 2: Civil engineeringBS 7533-1:2001, Pavements constructed with clay, natural stone or concrete pavers Part1: Guide for the structural design of heavy dut

23、y pavements constructed of clay pavers or precast concrete paving blocksBS 7533-4, Pavements constructed with clay, natural stone or concrete pavers Part 4: Code of practice for the construction of pavements of precast concrete flags or natural stone slabsBS 7533-11, Pavements constructed with clay,

24、 natural stone or concrete pavers Part 11: Code of practice for the opening, maintenance and reinstatement of pavements of concrete, clay and natural stoneBS EN 1339:2003, Concrete paving flags Requirements and test methodsBS EN 1341:2001, Slabs of natural stone for external paving Requirements and

25、test methodsBS EN 1015-12, Determination of adhesive strength of hardened rendering and plastering mortars on substrates3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this part of BS 7533, the terms and definitions given in BS 6100-2 and the following apply.3.1 flagprecast concrete unit, used as a surfa

26、cing material, with an overall length that does not exceed 1 m and an overall length which when divided by its thickness is greater than fourBS EN 1339:2003, definition 3.2BS 7533-12:20062 BSI 20063.2 slabunit of natural stone used as a paving material, in which the working width exceeds 150 mm and

27、exceeds two times the thicknessBS EN 1341:2001, definition 3.13.3 paving uniteither a concrete paving flag or natural stone slab3.4 surface courselayer of paving units that acts as a wearing surface and forms part of the structure of the pavement3.5 bound surface coursesurface course where the pavin

28、g units are laid on a laying course of concrete with maximum aggregate size of 4 mm and the joints are filled with a cement mortar or grout3.6 laying courselayer of material on which paving units are beddedBS 7533-1:2001, definition 3.23.7 subgradeupper part of the soil, natural or constructed, that

29、 supports the loads transmitted by the overlying pavementBS 7533-1:2001, definition 3.33.8 pavementany paved area subject to pedestrian and/or vehicular traffic3.9 sub-baseone or more layers of material placed immediately above the subgradeBS 7533-1:2001, definition 3.53.10 capping layerlayer of gra

30、nular or stabilized material at the top of the subgrade to provide a working surface and an improved foundation for the pavementNOTE The capping layer is an optional layer which may form part of the sub-base (see Table B.1 for the relative sub-base and capping layer thicknesses).3.11 roadbaseone or

31、more layers of material placed above the sub-base that constitute the main structural elements of a pavementBS 7533-1:2001, definition 3.63.12 commercial vehiclevehicle with an unladen weight exceeding 1.5 tBS 7533-1:2001, definition 3.113.13 bound roadbaseroadbase consisting of granular material bo

32、und with hydraulic binder BSI 2006 3BS 7533-12:20063.14 channellized traffictraffic where the vehicle track width and the traffic lane width are virtually the sameBS 7533-1:2001, definition 3.7NOTE 1 Normal lane widths in a highway do not generally constitute channellized traffic.NOTE 2 This can occ

33、ur in narrow entrances such as gates or induced traffic calming measures and sharp bends where the running lane is less than 3 m in width.3.15 cumulative trafficnumber of standard axles a pavement is designed to carry, measured in standard axles per day3.16 standard axleaxle carrying a load of 8 200

34、 kg4 Structure of pavementA typical cross-section of a pavement is shown in Figure 1.Figure 1 Typical cross-section of a pavementKey1 Surface course2Laying course3 Roadbase/sub-base4 Capping layer5Subgrade23415BS 7533-12:20064 BSI 20065 General design criteria5.1 Design optionsNOTE 1 The only design

35、 option provided for a heavy-duty pavement is a bound surface course laid upon a bound roadbase.NOTE 2 Examples of the use of the design method given in this standard are given in Annex A.The designer should select the preferred surface course option and then carry out a structural design for the tr

36、affic level and subgrade bearing strength of the site (see Clause 6 and Clause 7). If an acceptable design with the selected surface course is not possible or economic, an alternative surface course option should be selected and the design process repeated.NOTE 3 The recommended minimum physical pro

37、perties of surface course material are listed in Table C.1 and Table C.2.NOTE 4 the structural performance is affected by fatigue and one-off overload, or by repeated loading which can cause: failure in the bedding material; failure in the bond between the paving unit and the bedding material; failu

38、re in the bond between the bedding material and the roadbase; failure in the jointing material itself or a failure of the bond between the jointing material and the unit; failure of the paving unit.NOTE 5 Pavements should not be open to full vehicular traffic loading prior to the laying course and t

39、he jointing material achieving 60% full design strength.5.2 Site categoriesFor the purposes of design, pavements should be categorized according to the commercial vehicular traffic assessment shown in Table 1.In determining the site category, the use of the surface of the pavement by any constructio

40、n traffic should be assessed and allowed for. BSI 2006 5BS 7533-12:2006NOTE This table is based on current experience, but does not preclude higher usage by vehicles. The traffic levels (see Table 1) for the use of stone slabs and concrete flags are based upon the materials and construction conformi

41、ng to BS 7533-4. 5.3 Special casesHigh horizontal tensile stresses can be introduced into the pavement where dynamic and/or impact loading occurs, e.g.: on traffic calming ramps; or where a row of paving units is laid with its surface not flush with the surrounding pavement; or for sites subjected t

42、o braking or turning; or where there are steep hills;The structural design in terms of vertical loading should remain unchanged but the traffic figures should be multiplied by two before carrying out the design to allow for the higher horizontal tensile stresses.5.4 Skid resistance and abrasion resi

43、stanceIt is necessary to ensure the slip/skid resistance of the surface of paving units provide adequate safety against skidding and slipping when new or in service.NOTE 1 Guidance on the determination of the slip/skid resistance value is given in BS 7932.NOTE 2 Guidance on minimum slip/skid resista

44、nce is given in Annex C.The abrasion resistance of the surface of natural stone slabs and concrete paving flags should be determined in accordance with BS EN 1341:2001, Annex C and BS EN 1339:2003, Annex G to ensure durability and the performance of the surface.Table 1 Site categories for typical ve

45、hicle applications Site category Standard axlesper dayTypical applicationsI 15 0 150 150NOTE 1 Formation to have minimum CBR as stated in Table 4.NOTE 2 Sub-base may consist of unbound material or hydraulically bound material (HBM).NOTE 3 Intermediate values may be interpreted.A)The combined capping

46、 sub-base option can be replaced by the sub-base only optionB)Capping to have a minimum laboratory CBR of 15%.C)Sub-base to provide a minimum laboratory CBR of 30%.Table B.2 Roadbase thicknessDimensions in mmSite categoryI and II III IVSite traffic conditionsNon-traffickedUsed by site access traffic

47、Non-traffickedUsed by site access trafficNon-traffickedUsed by site access trafficC32/40 concrete 150 180 125 150 100 125Table B.3 Minimum paving unit thicknessDimensions in mmSite category Natural stone slabs Concrete flagsClass 1 Class 2 Class 1 Class 2I60506050II 60 50 60 50III 50 40 50 50IV 30 3

48、0 50 50NOTE Where large plan areas of slab are used the thickness should be increased to avoid damage in installation, seek manufacturers advice.BS 7533-12:200614 BSI 2006Annex C (informative) Physical properties of surface course materialNOTE This is an informative annex that provides some guidance

49、 on the properties of surface course materials. Where a material has a successful history of use in this application or where it can be demonstrated by testing and calculation that a stone is suitable these recommended properties need not be followed.Recommended slip/skid resistance For pedestrian use only Pendulum value 40 For vehicle use Pendulum value 45When tested in accordance with BS 7932:2003.Table C.1