BS 7121-11-1998 Code of practice for safe use of cranes Offshore cranes《起重机安全使用实施规程 近海起重机》.pdf

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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS7121-11: 1998 Code of practice for Safe use of cranes Part 11: Offshore cranes ICS53.020.20BS7121-11:1998 This British Standard, having been prepared under the directionof the Engineering SectorBoard, was published underthe authority of the Standards Board and comes into effect on

2、 15 August1998 BSI04-1999 ISBN 0 580 29503 6 Committees responsible for this British Standard The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted by Technical Committee MHE/3, Cranes and derricks, upon which the following bodies were represented: Associated British Ports Association of Lorry Load

3、er Manufacturers and Importers British Iron and Steel Producers Association Building Employers Confederation Construction Plant-hire Federation Electricity Association Engineering Equipment and Materials Users Association Federation of Wire Rope Manufacturers of Great Britain Health and Safety Execu

4、tive Institute of Logistics Institute of Mechanical Engineers Institute of Occupational Health and Safety Institute of Plant Engineers Institute of Structural Engineers Lifting Equipment Engineers Association Lloyds Register of Shipping Safety Assessment Federation The following bodies were also rep

5、resented in the drafting of the standard, through a subcommittee: British Marine Equipment Council Federation of Manufacturers of Construction Equipment and Cranes Independent Engineering Insurers Committee Institute of Petroleum International Marine Contractors Association Ministry of Defence Shipb

6、uilders and Shiprepairers Association Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date CommentsBS7121-11:1998 BSI 04-1999 i Contents Page Committees responsible Inside front cover Foreword ii 1 Scope 1 2 References 1 3 Terminology and definitions 1 4 Crane management 4 5 Procedures and precautions

7、8 6 Inspections, examinations, tests and checks 10 Annex A (informative) Beaufort scale of wind forces and related sea states 14 Annex B (informative) Recommended signallers hand signals 15 Annex C (normative) Statutes for inspections, tests and thorough examinations of offshore cranes 17 Annex D (n

8、ormative) Inspections, tests and examinations of cranes mounted on barges or pontoons 19 Bibliography 19 Figure 1 Offlead and sidelead angles 2 Figure 2 Examples of offshore cranes 3 Figure 3 Possible movements of a supply vessel during hoisting 9 Figure B.1 Recommended signallers hand signals 15 Ta

9、ble 1 Comparative terms used in offshore crane and other lifting industries 1 Table A.1 Beaufort scale of wind forces and related sea states 14 Table C.1 Statutes for inspections, tests and thorough examinations of offshore cranes 17BS7121-11:1998 ii BSI 04-1999 Foreword This part of BS7121 has been

10、 prepared by subcommittee MHE/3/10 under the direction of Technical Committee MHE/3. The subcommittee wishes to acknowledge the contribution of the International Crane Forum to the preparation of this standard. This part of BS7121 provides recommendations for safe use of offshore cranes. It is in th

11、e interest of all involved in lifting operations to ensure that these operations are carried out efficiently and safely. The offshore environment is sufficiently hostile that wave action can subject the crane and/or its load to motion, imposing demands on the crane and the crane operator that are mo

12、re severe than in most other lifting operations. Accordingly, this part of BS7121 provides guidance on understanding the cranes performance, and makes recommendations for the competence of operatives and other personnel. This part of BS7121 is directed to owners and users of offshore cranes, who are

13、 encouraged to implement all of the recommendations, and, if possible, upgrade existing equipment and operating procedures. Whilst it is recognized that the recommendations do not relate to design and manufacture of offshore cranes, designers are strongly advised to take these into consideration. Th

14、is part of BS7121 is one of a forthcoming series of standards, Safe use of cranes, consisting of the following: Part 1: General; Part 2: Inspection, testing and examination; Part 3: Mobile cranes; Part 4: Lorry loaders; Part 5: Tower cranes; Part 6: Derrick cranes; Part 7: Overhead/underhung travell

15、ing and goliath cranes; Part 8: High pedestal and portal jib cranes; Part 9: Container handling cranes; Part 10: Rail mounted cranes; Part 11: Offshore cranes. It has been assumed in the drafting of this British Standard that the execution of its provisions is entrusted to appropriately qualified an

16、d experienced personnel. As a code of practice, this British Standard takes the form of guidance and recommendations. It should not be quoted as if it were a specification and particular care should be taken to ensure that claims of compliance are not misleading. A British Standard does not purport

17、to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover

18、, pagesi andii, pages1 to19 and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on theinside front cover.BS7121-11:1998 BSI 04-1999 1 1 Scope This part of BS7121 gives recommendations for safe u

19、se of offshore cranes (including supporting structures affixed to offshore installations), primarily operating in an open sea environment. The following activities are not covered in this part of BS7121: a) slinging practices; b) crane erection practices; c) use of all non-slewing cranes used offsho

20、re e.g.blowout preventer (BOP) cranes, overhead travelling cranes, gantry cranes, hoists and davits. 2 References The following normative documents contain provisions that, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this part of this British Standard. For dated references, subsequent a

21、mendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications do not apply. For undated references, the latest edition of the publication referred to applies. BS7072:1989, Code of practice for inspection and repair of offshore containers. Health and Safety at Work etc. Act1974. London: The Stationery Off

22、ice. The Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations1988. Statutory Instrument1657. London: The Stationery Office. The Docks Regulations1988. Statutory Instrument1655. London: The Stationery Office. The Shipbuilding and Ship Repairing Regulations1960. Statutory Instrument1932. London: The

23、Stationery Office. The Factories Act1961. London: The Stationery Office. The Construction (Lifting Operations) Regulations1961. Statutory Instrument1581. London: The Stationery Office. The Merchant Shipping (Hatches and Lifting Plant) Regulations1988. Statutory Instrument1639. London: The Stationery

24、 Office. 3 Terminology and definitions 3.1 Terminology 3.1.1 Comparison of terms Certain terms used in the offshore crane industry have similarities with terms used in other lifting industries. For the purposes of this part of BS7121, the distinctions given in Table 1 apply. Table 1 Comparative term

25、s used in offshore crane and other lifting industries 3.1.2 Safe working load and safe load indicator (rated capacity and rated capacity indicator and limiter) The terms “safe working load” and “safe load indicator” are long established in the British crane industry, and used in BS7262:1990. During

26、preparation of this part of BS7121, however, several European Standards for cranes were being developed, and the CEN committees responsible adopted the alternative terms “rated capacity” and “rated capacity indicator”. These terms have gained wide acceptance in the European crane industry, and for t

27、his reason the drafting committee for this part of BS7121 decided to align with the European Standards, and use “rated capacity” and “rated capacity indicator”. 3.1.3 Appointed person and responsible person During preparation of this part of BS7121 it was recognized that the terms “appointed person”

28、 and “responsible person” are equivalent in the offshore crane industry. The term “appointed person” is used in this part of BS7121, in common with BS7121-1. 3.2 Definitions For the purposes of this part of BS7121 the following definitions apply. 3.2.1 appointed person competent person authorized by

29、 the duty holder to ensure that the crane and associated equipment are safe for use Offshore crane industry term Otherwise known as Slew/slewing Swing/swinging Booming Luffing/derricking/jibbing Hoisting (load) Winching, whip/main hoist Slew bearing Slewring/race, slew/swing circle Boom Jib, stick E

30、xtension (tip) Fly jib A-frame Gantry, apex, struts/backties/legs Machinery bed/house Carbody Sheaves Pulleys Counterweight Backweight, ballast Crane operator Crane driverBS7121-11:1998 2 BSI 04-1999 3.2.2 cabin permanent control position on or off a crane, with protective enclosure 3.2.3 check visu

31、al and functional assessment (not a test) of the condition of a crane, without dismantling, prior to use (e.g.detection of defects or fluid levels) 3.2.4 competent person person with practical and theoretical knowledge of a crane and its equipment, experience of operation in an offshore environment,

32、 ability to detect deficiencies and to assess their criticality in relation to strength and performance, and to recommend remedial action to ensure that conditions are appropriate for safe use 3.2.5 dynamic rated load maximum permissible load that can be lifted in the prevailing sea state, if there

33、is relative motion between the crane and load 3.2.6 gross overload/overmoment protection (GOP) device or system safeguarding a crane and its primary load-carrying elements against failure, in conditions where uncontrolled loading of the hoist line may occur (e.g.if the load becomes snagged on the su

34、pply vessel) 3.2.7 inspection visual check of a crane for defects, and operation of the controls and limiting and indicating devices without loading NOTEAn inspection does not normally require dismantling of any part of the crane. 3.2.8 installation a) fixed or mobile unit, primarily operating in an

35、 open sea environment, used to develop, explore and recover natural hydrocarbons in subsea formations NOTETypically, installations include platforms fixed to the sea bed, semi-submersible vessels, mono-hull vessels, tension-leg platforms, guyed towers and jackup platforms. b) specialized crane vesse

36、l that can be used to deploy equipment for constructing or modifying units in a) offshore 3.2.9 installation manager competent person appointed by the operator or owner to manage the installation and personnel 3.2.10 offlead condition where the load line, under tension, deviates outwardly from the c

37、rane (see Figure 1) 3.2.11 offshore crane machine with slewing facility, used to lift, lower or move loads in an offshore environment, operating from a fixed location on an offshore installation NOTEExamples of offshore cranes are shown in Figure 2. 3.2.12 pennant single part-line of wire rope or ch

38、ain suspended from the crane hook, permitting safe connection of the hook to the load 3.2.13 rated capacity load(s) a crane is designed to lift for a given operating condition (configuration, sea state, wind speed, radius) Figure 1 Offlead and sidelead anglesBS7121-11:1998 BSI 04-1999 3 1)Same crane

39、s are fitted with two load hoist winches. Figure 2 Examples of offshore cranesBS7121-11:1998 4 BSI 04-1999 3.2.14 rated capacity indicator device that continuously indicates, within specified tolerance limits, as the rated capacity is approached, and continuously indicates, in another manner, if the

40、 rated capacity is exceeded NOTEThe specified tolerance limits for rated capacity include a higher wind speed than permitted for the in-service conditions. 3.2.15 sidelead condition where the load line, under tension, deviates sideways from the crane (see Figure 1) 3.2.16 static rated load maximum p

41、ermissible load that can be lifted from, or lowered onto, the installation supporting a crane 3.2.17 structure steelwork to which a crane is affixed 3.2.18 test specific operation of a crane, with or without a defined load, to establish whether it may be used 3.2.19 thorough examination verification

42、 that a crane can safely continue in service, including a functional test of all safety devices (e.g.limiting and indicating equipment, brakes, clutches) NOTEA thorough examination is not an inspection (see3.2.7), and can involve non-destructive examination or testing techniques, and including disma

43、ntling. 4 Crane management 4.1 Safe system of work A safe system of work should be established for each lifting operation, whether an individual special lift or a group of repetitive or routine operations. The sensitivities and limitations of the crane, its permissible duties and operational perform

44、ance should be understood. The safe system of work should include at least the following: a) planning of the operation; b) crane selection; c) maintenance, examination and, if necessary, testing of the crane and equipment; d) provision of suitably trained and competent personnel who are aware of the

45、ir relevant responsibilities regarding the Health and Safety at Work etc. Act1974 and any other current statutory offshore regulations; e) adequate supervision by suitably trained and competent personnel; f) assurance that all necessary test certificates and other documents are available; g) assuran

46、ce that all other statutory requirements are in place; h) identification of all hazardous and restricted areas; i) emergency procedures in case of damage or impairment to the crane during operation, and for safe recovery of the crane to a holding location on the installation; j) means of preventing

47、unauthorized movement or use at all times; k) completion of any preparatory work at the location of the lifting operation; l) an English language communication system; m) assurance of safety of personnel not involved in the lifting operation; n) assurance that an adverse weather policy is in place;

48、NOTEThe Beaufort scale of wind forces and related sea states is given in Annex A. o) provision of an effective system for storage and use of spare parts. 4.2 Control of the lifting operation To ensure effective implementation of the safe system of work, an appointed person should take control of the

49、 lifting operation and ensure compliance with4.1 The appointed person should also be responsible for: a) assessment of the lifting operation and provision of lifting gear, equipment, instruction and supervision for the task to be undertaken safely; NOTEThis should include consultation with other responsible bodies as necessary, and ensuring that if different organizations are involved, they collaborate effectively. b) provision of an effective procedure for reporting defects and incidents, and for taking remedial action as a