BS 6612-1985 Specification for graduated compression hosiery《分级式弹力袜规范》.pdf

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1、BRITISH STANDARD CONFIRMED AUGUST 1992 BS 6612:1985 Incorporating Amendment No. 1 Specification for Graduated compression hosiery UDC 615.477.58+687.254.81BS6612:1985 This British Standard, having been prepared under the directionof the Textiles and Clothing Standards Committee, was published under

2、the authorityof the Board of BSI andcomes into effect on 28 June 1985 BSI 07-1999 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference TCM/46 Draft for comment 80/36394 DC ISBN 0 580 14487 9 Committees responsible for this British Standard The preparation of this Bri

3、tish Standard was entrusted by the Textiles and Clothing Standards Committee (TCM/-) to Technical Committee TCM/46, upon which the following bodies were represented: British Medical Association British Narrow Fabrics Association British Retailers Association Consumer Standards Advisory Committee of

4、BSI Department of Health and Social Security Knitting Industries Federation Ltd. Malaysian Rubber Producers Research Association Man-made Fibres Producers Committee National Association of Medical and Surgical Appliance Officers Surgical Appliance Manufacturers Association Textile Research Council V

5、ascular Surgical Society of Great Britain Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date of issue Comments 7728 June 1993 Indicated by a sideline in the marginBS6612:1985 BSI 07-1999 i Contents Page Committees responsible Inside front cover Foreword ii 0 Introduction 1 1 Scope 1 2 Definitions 1 3

6、 Performance 3 4 Size designation 4 5 Marking 4 Appendix A Method of test for compression 5 Appendix B Recommendations for garment design 9 Figure 1 Length of foot 2 Figure 2 Girth positions 3 Figure 3 Hip girth 3 Figure 4 Hosiery pressure tester 6 Figure 5 Rear view of measurement head 7 Figure 6 S

7、ide view of jig mounted on the measurement head 7 Figure 7 Apparatus for calibrating the measurement head 8 Table 1 Compression profile 3 Table 2 Girths of adjustable former 7 Publications referred to Inside back coverBS6612:1985 ii BSI 07-1999 Foreword This British Standard has been prepared under

8、the direction of the Textiles and Clothing Standards Committee. Preliminary discussions on the formulation of a specification for compression hosiery took place in1970, but work did not continue because of the lack of suitable test methods for determining the compression exerted by hosiery. However,

9、 since then, a suitable test has been developed, and following requests from the hosiery trade and the medical profession, this specification has now been produced. When drawing up this specification the committee hoped to include a requirement for a certain proportion of compression to be retained

10、after a stated amount of wear, to be simulated in a laboratory wash/wear test. Such a test could not be developed for inclusion in this edition of this British Standard and a requirement against washing only is included. However it is hoped to include a performance requirement against a laboratory w

11、ash/wear trial as soon as possible. Any information on this topic would be welcomed by the committee. The standard is based upon the use of the HATRA hose pressure tester Mark II which incorporates an adjustable flat-bed former. The choice was based upon a series of laboratory tests including a comp

12、arison with other available methods and an extended interlaboratory trial of seven testers. The advantages of this method were considered to be that calibration is straightforward, that the dimensions at which tests may be conducted may, within limits, be varied and that the test is rapid and conven

13、ient for manufacturers. There was sufficiently good agreement during comparative testing that users of the test can expect to obtain comparable and meaningful information from its use. There are many problems inherent in describing the properties of elastic garments so that there exists a possibilit

14、y that variations in construction and composition will lead to problems of measurement. If these emerge then they will be reviewed at the appropriate time. The interpretation of the clinical significance of measurements made on a rigid tester will always require care since the radius of curvature of

15、 the surfaces to which compression is applied and the moulding of the soft tissues of the limbs are likely to modify the behaviour of the garments in wear. The standard is expected to provide a basis for further clinical and physiological evaluation of compression hosiery so that in the future the c

16、linical efficacy of garments may be related more reliably to the compression which they exert in wear. The publication of the standard is not intended to imply that only garments with these particular qualities are those which are effective in any clinical disorder. It is expected that as a result o

17、f publication of this standard the clinical relevance of the features which have been identified will be defined more clearly. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Complian

18、ce with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, pages1 to 10, an inside back cover and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have h

19、ad amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover.BS6612:1985 BSI 07-1999 1 0 Introduction Compression hosiery may be supplied on the advice of a medical practitioner or purchased on the buyers own initiative. The comfort provided by these garments i

20、s directly related to the pressure which they exert on the leg. External compression has a number of measurable effects on the blood vessels of the limb and the flow of blood through them. According to the degree of pressure applied it can be expected to: a) counteract the high pressure in superfici

21、al veins and thereby reduce the distension of these veins (see references 1, 2 and 3 below); b) encourage and enhance blood flow velocity in the deep veins (see reference 4); c) discourage ankle swelling by reducing the pressure difference between the capillaries and the tissues, thereby restoring t

22、owards normal the rate of tissue fluid formation (see references 5 and 6). It is possible that previously healthy venous valves, rendered incompetent by distension, will begin to function competently again. Compression of the leg may also assist the calf muscle pump by providing a firm “skin” for th

23、e muscle to contract against. Support of superficial veins, especially during pregnancy, may avoid development of varicosity and gravitational oedema, and so prevent their persistence. The degree of compression required to return venous function towards normal varies considerably. Hosiery providing

24、modest compression is often effective in relieving leg discomfort, particularly when the problem is subclinical. More advanced medical conditions may require higher levels of compression to relieve the associated symptoms. However, all garments should produce a gradation of pressure on the leg which

25、 decreases towards the thigh to improve vein emptying. 1) FENTEM, P.H., GODDARD, M. and GOODEN, B.A. Journal of Physiology, 1976, 263, 151152. 2) GJORES, J.E. and THULESIUS, O.VASA,1977, 6, 364368. 3) SOMERVILLE, J.J.F., BROW, G.O., BRYNE, P.J., QUILL, R.D. and FEGAN, W.G. British Journal of Surgery

26、, 1974, 61, 979981. 4) SIGEL, B., EDELSTEIN, A.L., SAVITCH, L., HASTY, J.H. and FELIX, W.R. Archives of Surgery, 1975, 110, 171175. 5) HEATHER, A.J. Delaware Medical Journal,1969, 41, 349352. 6) PFLUG, J.J. The Practitioner,1975,215, 6976. 1 Scope This British Standard specifies requirements for hos

27、iery which is designed to exert compression on the legs while standing or walking. It includes pantihose, thigh length garments and knee length garments, for men and women. It does not cover garments intended for non-ambulatory patients, or shaped support bandages without a positive location for the

28、 heel or foot, or individually made garments. Requirements are given for compression, compression profile, durability of compression under repeated washing, size designation, sampling and labelling. The method of test for determining the compression exerted by hosiery is given inAppendix A. Recommen

29、dations for garment design are made inAppendix B. NOTEThe titles of the publications referred to in this standard are listed on the inside back cover. 2 Definitions For the purposes of this British Standard the following definitions apply. 2.1 compression value a single nominal compression figure ch

30、aracterizing the compression performance of a garment. It is assigned by the manufacturer on the basis of measurements on similar garments and is equal to the compression which the garment is intended to exert at the ankle when worn on a leg of a size designated by the manufacturer 2.2 graduated com

31、pression hosiery hosiery which when worn on the leg exerts a minimum pressure on the leg surface at the ankle of6mmHg 1)progressively reduced at the calf and thigh NOTEThe pressure on the leg surface is determined by the method given inAppendix A. 2.3 foot length the horizontal distance between the

32、perpendiculars in contact with the end of the most prominent toe and the most prominent part of the heel, measured with the subject standing and with the weight of the body equally distributed on both feet NOTE 1SeeFigure 1. 1) 1mmHg =133.322Pa.BS6612:1985 2 BSI 07-1999 NOTE 2This definition is in a

33、greement with that given in BS4981. 2.4 ankle girth the horizontal girth of a human leg just above the medial malleolus, measured with the subject standing and with the weight of the body equally distributed on both feet NOTESeeFigure 2. 2.5 calf girth the girth of a human calf measured at its maxim

34、um circumference, the upper edge of the tape measure passing horizontally through the point of maximum circumference, measured with the subject standing and with the weight of the body equally distributed on both feet NOTESeeFigure 2. 2.6 thigh girth the horizontal girth of a human leg measured half

35、 way between the crotch and the knee joint, measured with the subject standing with the weight of the body equally distributed on both feet NOTESeeFigure 2. 2.7 hip girth the horizontal girth of a human body measured round the buttocks at the level of maximum circumference NOTE 1SeeFigure 3. NOTE 2T

36、his definition is taken from BS5511. 2.8 measuring positions the positions at ankle, calf and thigh of a garment as described inAppendix A at which compression is to be measured 2.9 stiffness a measure of the change in the compression exerted by a garment when the girth is increased or decreased fro

37、m that designated by the manufacturer by an amount equivalent to a change in the size of the former by one position NOTETable 2 gives details of former girths. 2.10 sample set (of garments) a sample consisting of15garments each selected randomly from the group of garments which the sample is intende

38、d to represent Figure 1 Length of footBS6612:1985 BSI 07-1999 3 3 Performance 3.1 Compression value The manufacturer shall assign a compression value in whole numbers of millimetres of mercury to each garment on the basis of measurements of compression on similar garments as specified in3.2 to3.4. W

39、hen a sample set of garments is tested as described inAppendix A (except for stiffness testing as described inA.4.6) not more than one garment of the set shall exert a compression at the ankle outside a range of (15%+1mmHg) of the claimed compression value. NOTEThis tolerance takes account of the va

40、riability which is inherent in the manufacture of elastic textiles. It has been found that if all the sample set fall within the range specified, then9out of10of the group from which the set was selected can be expected to fall within the same range, i.e.a confidence level of90% applies. 3.2 Change

41、of compression with girth (stiffness) When a sample set of garments is tested by the procedure described inA.4.6 the mean compression of the set at each measuring position, obtained on formers one size smaller and one size larger than the size appropriate to the claim on the label, shall lie within

42、25% of the mean obtained when the former is set to the size appropriate to the label, in that series of measurements. 3.3 Compression profile On any sample set of garments the mean pressures at the three measuring positions shall comply with the requirements ofTable 1 for the appropriate compression

43、 value when measured in accordance with A.4.1 toA.4.5. Table 1 Compression profile 3.4 Durability of compression performance under repeated washing After completing30washes in accordance with any wash procedure of BS4923 in accordance with the manufacturers instructions, and drying flat as defined i

44、n BS4923, each measuring position of the garment shall retain at least85% of the compression which it exerted before this series of washes but after any wash required byA.4.2. NOTEThe method by which the manufacturers instructions are made known is given in clause5. Figure 2 Girth positions Figure 3

45、 Hip girth Compression value Proportion of ankle compression at calf Proportion of calf compression at thigh mmHg % % 6 to 10 less than 100 less than 100 11 to 18 80 max. 85 max. 19 and over 70 max. 70 max.BS6612:1985 4 BSI 07-1999 4 Size designation 4.1 General When describing the size of a garment

46、 the body measurements as defined in clause2, and specified in4.2 and4.3 shall be given. NOTE 1It is recommended that all garments be described in accordance with4.3 although4.2 requires less information. NOTE 2To obtain the optimum benefit from compression hosiery it is important that a good fit is

47、 obtained, especially for garments with compression values of15mmHg and over, and therefore information about ranges of girths is required for these garments. 4.2 Garments with compression values from6mmHg to14mmHg 4.2.1 Knee length garments a) mean ankle girth for which the garment is intended; b)

48、maximum foot length, only for garments with a closed toe and heel (with or without reinforcement). 4.2.2 Thigh length garments a) mean ankle girth for which the garment is intended; b) maximum foot length, only for garments with a closed toe and heel (with or without reinforcement). 4.2.3 Pantihose

49、a) mean ankle girth for which the garment is intended; b) maximum foot length, only for garments with a closed toe and heel (with or without reinforcement); c) range of hip girths. 4.3 Garments with compression values15mmHg and over 4.3.1 Knee length garments a) mean ankle girth for which the garment is intended; b) range of calf girths; c) range of ankle girths; d) maximum foot length, only for garments with a e) closed toe and heel (with or without reinforcement). 4.3.2 Thigh length garments a) mean ankle girth for which the garment is i