BS 6259-2015 Code of practice for the design planning installation testing and maintenance of sound systems《声学系统的设计、规划、安装、试验与维护实用规程》.pdf

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1、BSI Standards PublicationBS 6259:2015Code of practice for thedesign, planning,installation, testing andmaintenance of soundsystemsPublishing and copyright informationThe BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the documentwas last issued. The British Standards Institution 2015

2、Published by BSI Standards Limited 2015ISBN 978 0 580 71083 4ICS 33.160.30The following BSI references relate to the work on this document:Committee reference EPL/100Draft for comment 13/30218906 DCPublication historyFirst published May 1952Second edition, June 1964Third edition, September 1982Fourt

3、h edition, April 1997Fifth (present) edition, March 2015Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS 6259:2015 BRITISH STANDARDContentsForeword iiiSection 1: General 11 Scope 12 Normative references 13 Terms and definitions 2Section 2: Exchange of information and definition of responsibil

4、ities 54 Technical advice and performance specification 5Section 3: Sound system design 85 System-level considerations 86 Planning 87 System design 10Section 4: Installing a sound system 148 Installation 149 Commissioning 1610 Documentation 1611 Certification 1812 Lifetime activities 1913 Responsibl

5、e person 22Section 5: Operation and maintenance 2314 System components: Application of standards 23AnnexesAnnex A (informative) Explanation of technical words and phrases 25Annex B (informative) Loudspeakers and associated system components 27Annex C (informative) Types of microphones 36Annex D (nor

6、mative) Use and siting of microphones 43Annex E (informative) STI qualification bands 49Annex F (informative) Examples of certificates 50Annex G (informative) Dynamics processors (compressors and AGC) 57Bibliography 58List of figuresFigure1Effect of ambient noise sensing 12Figure B.1 Diagram showing

7、 the floating-return technique for disabling localloudspeaker attenuators in an emergency 34Figure C.1 Horizontal directional response of an omnidirectional microphonewith its axis vertical: decibel scale 37Figure C.2 Directional response of a cardioid microphone: decibel scale 38Figure C.3 Directio

8、nal response of a supercardioid microphone: decibelscale 38Figure C.4 Directional response of a hypercardioid microphone: decibelscale 39Figure C.5 Directional response of a highly directional shotgun (rifle)microphone where f = 250 Hz and barrel length is 275 mm 40Figure C.6 Directional response of

9、 a highly directional shotgun (rifle)microphone where f = 2.5 kHz and barrel length is 275 mm 41Figure C.7 Directional response of a highly directional shotgun (rifle)microphone where f = 10 kHz and barrel length is 275 mm 42Figure C.8 Relative operating distances of directional microphones for equa

10、ldirect-to-reverberant signal ratios 42Figure D.1 Two methods of positioning microphones on a conferencetable 46Figure D.2 The 3 to 1 ratio for microphone positioning (normal) 46Figure D.3 A reduced 3 to 1 ratio using angled microphones 47Figure D.4 Illustrations of good and bad microphone placement

11、s 47BRITISH STANDARD BS 6259:2015 The British Standards Institution 2015 iFigure D.5 Optimization of the height of the microphone above the Table 48Figure F.1 Design certificate 50Figure F.2 Installation certificate 51Figure F.3 Commissioning certificate 52Figure F.4 Acceptance certificate 53Figure

12、F.5 Verification certificate 54Figure F.6 Servicing certificate 55Figure F.7 Modification certificate 56Figure G.1 Typical steady-state output/input characteristics 57List of tablesTable 1 Overall view of planning stages 9Table 2 Documentation 17Table 3 Sound system equipment 23Table E.1 Examples of

13、 STI qualification bands and typical applications 49Summary of pagesThis document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i to iv,pages 1 to 60, an inside back cover and a back cover.BRITISH STANDARDBS 6259:2015ii The British Standards Institution 2015ForewordPublishing informationThis

14、 British Standard is published by BSI Standards Limited under licence fromThe British Standards Institution and came into effect on 31 March 2015. It wasprepared by Technical Committee EPL/100, Audio, video and multimedia systemsand equipment. A list of organizations represented on this committee ca

15、n beobtained on request to its secretary.SupersessionThis British Standard supersedes BS 6259:1997, which is withdrawn.Information about this documentThis is a full revision of the standard, updating all aspects.Use of this documentAs a code of practice, this British Standard takes the form of guida

16、nce andrecommendations. It should not be quoted as if it were a specification andparticular care should be taken to ensure that claims of compliance are notmisleading.Any user claiming compliance with this British Standard is expected to be able tojustify any course of action that deviates from its

17、recommendations.The recommendations of this British Standard are intended to enable a clearunderstanding, including understanding by non-technical users, of the functionsand limitations of a proposed sound system.Presentational conventionsThe provisions in this standard are presented in roman (i.e.

18、upright) type. Itsrecommendations are expressed in sentences in which the principal auxiliaryverb is “should”.Commentary, explanation and general informative material is presented insmaller italic type, and does not constitute a normative element.Contractual and legal considerationsThis publication

19、does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of acontract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legalobligations.BRITISH STANDARD BS 6259:2015 The British Standards Institution 2015 iiiBRITISH STANDARDBS 6259:201

20、5This page deliberately left blankiv The British Standards Institution 2015Section 1: General1 ScopeThis British Standard gives recommendations for the design, planning,installation, testing and maintenance of sound systems intended forcommunicating speech, music and/or other signals, including syst

21、ems conveyingemergency messages or signals that are not connected to a fire detectionsystem.NOTE 1 For systems used for conveying emergency messages, recommendations aregiven in BS 5839-8.This standard is intended for use by clients, designers, installers and thoseresponsible for commissioning, test

22、ing, operation and maintenance of soundsystems.This standard is not applicable to:a) voice alarm systems within the scope of BS 5839-8 or BS EN 54-16 orBS EN 54-24;b) emergency voice communication systems within the scope of BS 5839-9;c) emergency sound systems within the scope of BS 7827;d) simulta

23、neous interpretation systems (see ISO 2603);e) some of the aspects associated with recording studios, and applies only tosome types of broadcasting studio;f) home entertainment systems;g) systems intended only to modify the perceived acoustic characteristics of thespace;h) manual fire detection syst

24、ems; ori) audio conferencing systems.This standard is not applicable to cinema sound systems.NOTE 2 Cinema sound technology is evolving very rapidly at present, due partly tothe elimination of film stock in favour of digital distribution and the increasedpracticability of multichannel sound systems

25、with tens of channels. Existing standardssuch as BS 5550-3.4.9 are likely to be replaced by completely new standards within afew years. It is therefore not at present practicable to give advice on these systemsin this standard.2 Normative referencesThe following documents, in whole or in part, are n

26、ormatively referenced in thisdocument and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, onlythe edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of thereferenced document (including any amendments) applies.BS 7671:2008+A3:2015, Requirements for electrical installation

27、s IET WiringRegulations (Seventeenth edition)BRITISH STANDARD BS 6259:2015 The British Standards Institution 2015 13 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this British Standard, the following terms and definitionsapply.NOTE A glossary of technical words and phrases is given in Annex A.3.1 Acousti

28、cs3.1.1 acoustic feedbackenergizing of a microphone by the acoustic output of a loudspeaker of the samesound reinforcement systemNOTE As the effect increases so does the distortion, which might becomeintolerable, and eventually the system might oscillate continuously at somefrequency, usually audibl

29、e, at which the microphone to loudspeaker gain exceeds theloss in the feedback path. The system is then said to “howl round”.3.1.2 average sound pressure level (Lp)twenty times the logarithm to base ten of the ratio of the r.m.s. sound pressureunder consideration, p, to the reference r.m.s. sound pr

30、essure, poNOTE 1 The average sound pressure level, Lp, expressed in decibels, is calculated asfollows:Lp= 20lgppoNOTE 2 The standard reference sound pressure pois 20 Pa in air.3.1.3 echosound heard as a repetition of a first hearingNOTE Repetition of a sound can occur in three ways:a) if a sound is

31、reflected from an object more than about 10 m away;b) if sound travels to a distant listener by more than one route and the pathlength difference is more than 10 m; andc) if electronically delayed signals are intentionally generated.3.1.4 reverberation time(of an enclosure for a sound of a given fre

32、quency or frequency band)time that would be required for the sound pressure level in the enclosure todecrease by 60 dB, after the source has been stopped3.2 Intelligibility3.2.1 audibilityproperty of a sound which allows it to be distinguished from other soundsNOTE The property may include intensity

33、, spectral distribution and variation withtime.3.2.2 clarityproperty of a sound which allows its information bearing components to bedistinguished by the listenerNOTE Clarity is related to the freedom of the sound from distortion of all kinds.3.2.3 intelligibilitymeasure of the proportion of the con

34、tent of a speech message that can becorrectly understoodBRITISH STANDARDBS 6259:20152 The British Standards Institution 2015NOTE Intelligibility requires sufficient audibility and sufficient clarity. These can berelated to the mathematical basis of the objective method of determiningintelligibility

35、though the use of the speech transmission index (STI), but clarity inthat case is limited to freedom from reverberation.3.2.4 speech transmission indexSTImetric ranging between 0 and 1 representing the transmission quality of speechwith respect to intelligibility by a speech transmission channelSOUR

36、CE: BS EN 60268-16:20113.3 People3.3.1 clientperson, group or organization that commissions the design and installation ofthe sound systemNOTE The client is usually, but not always, the purchaser of the system.3.3.2 contractorperson or company that enters into a written agreement with the purchaser

37、tosupply a sound systemNOTE The contractor might also undertake the system design and/or theinstallation. In major building projects the sound system may be the subject of awritten agreement between the main building contractor and the specialist supplier.3.3.3 installerperson, group or organization

38、 responsible for the installation of the soundsystem as specified by the system designer3.3.4 operatorperson who controls the sound system manually when it is in use3.3.5 system designerperson responsible to the client for the design and specification of the soundsystem3.3.6 userperson, group or org

39、anization who supervises the operation of the equipmentin useNOTE The needs of the user are important factors in the design of a sound system.There might be more than one user and the user might not be the client or ownerof the system when a room is hired with a sound system.3.4 System features3.4.1

40、 channelsignal path between input and output of a system3.4.2 control pointplace where controls for the operation of the system are locatedNOTE A control point can have controls for operating the system only under specialconditions, for example a police or fire control point. There can be more than

41、onecontrol point.BRITISH STANDARD BS 6259:2015 The British Standards Institution 2015 33.4.3 line-level voltagevoltage of 0.775 V r.m.s. (corresponding to a power of 1 mW in 600 )NOTE When this voltage is used as a reference level (“line level”) in decibels (0 dB),it is written as 0 dB (0.775 V) or

42、0 dBu. Although the reference level is derived froma system having a characteristic impedance of 600 V, such systems are rarely usednow (see BS EN 61938).3.4.4 mixerspecialized amplifier whose output is at line-level voltage, with facilities to allowinput signals from several sources to be controlle

43、d or combined or both3.5 System types3.5.1 sound systemsystem including amplifiers, loudspeakers and sources of speech, music or tonesignals, which is intended to present the signals to people outside the householdenvironment3.5.2 sound reinforcement systemsound system intended to reinforce sound si

44、gnals from actors, musicians, etc.NOTE In these systems the microphones are exposed to the sound produced by theloudspeakers.BRITISH STANDARDBS 6259:20154 The British Standards Institution 2015Section 2: Exchange of information and definition ofresponsibilities4 Technical advice and performance spec

45、ification4.1 GeneralNOTE Except for basic systems sold as a complete kit, the engagement of a skilledsystem designer is advisable and is considered to be essential whenever large orcomplex installations are involved.If prospective purchasers wish the sound system to be in accordance with thisBritish

46、 Standard, then a reference to the standard should be included in writtenagreements relating to the installation, modification and extension of the soundsystem.4.2 Purpose of the systemBefore approaching a supplier, the client should write down, in non-technicalterms, what the users of the system re

47、quire it to do and the environment inwhich it is to be used. Care should be taken that this is as comprehensive aspossible. Anything left out at this stage can result in extra expenditure later.Factors that should be considered include:a) the room(s) and other three dimensional space(s) to be covere

48、d, theirdimensions and the nature of their surfaces and their acousticcharacteristics;b) the various usages of each space and the background noise associated withthem;c) what audio signals are to be reproduced and their sources (e.g.microphones, alert signals and recorded messages), including all th

49、e sourcesand places;d) methods of controlling the sound system, both manual and automatic;e) presentation of user interfaces (e.g. volume control, touch-screen, pagingpanel);f) interconnection with other audio systems e.g. audio frequency inductionloop systems (AFILS) and infrared systems;g) priorities of input sources if applicable;h) the need to avoid unwanted broadcast of audio information to adjacentenvironments (e.g. noise pollution in a public space, or confidentiality in acourt, where the audio inf