BS 6200-1-1991 Sampling and analysis of iron steel and other ferrous metals Introduction and contents《铁、钢和其他黑色金属抽样与分析法 第1部分 总则和目录》.pdf

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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS6200-1: 1991 Sampling and analysis of iron, steel and other ferrous metals Part 1: Introduction and contentsBS6200-1:1991 This British Standard, having been prepared under the directionof the Iron and Steel Standards Policy Committee, waspublished underthe authorityof the Standard

2、s Boardand comes into effect on 28 June1991 BSI07-1999 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee referenceISM/18 Draft for approval90/46620 July1991 BSI News ISBN 0 580 19571 6 Committees responsible for this British Standard The preparation of this British Standard

3、 was entrusted by the Iron and Steel Standards Policy Committee (ISM/-) to Technical CommitteeISM/18, upon which the following bodies were represented: BCIRA British Forging Industry Association British Steel Industry Department of Trade and Industry (Laboratory of the Government Chemist) Ferro Allo

4、ys and Metals Producers Association Ministry of Defence Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date CommentsBS6200-1:1991 BSI 07-1999 i Contents Page Committees responsible Inside front cover Foreword ii 1 Scope 1 2 Description of the contents of the BS6200 series 1 3 General information 1 App

5、endix A List of contents of the BS6200 series 3 Publication(s) referred to Inside back coverBS6200-1:1991 ii BSI 07-1999 Foreword This Part of BS6200 has been prepared under the direction of the Iron and Steel Standards Policy Committee. BS6200 is a multipart British Standard covering all aspects of

6、 the sampling and analysis of ferrous metals. This Part provides a general introduction to the Standard and includes a list giving details of all the existing and projected Parts, Sections and Subsections. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Use

7、rs of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pagesi andii, pages1 to6, an inside back cover and a bac

8、k cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover.BS6200-1:1991 BSI 07-1999 1 1 Scope This Part of BS6200 gives the contents of BS6200 and provides general information relatin

9、g to the development and use of succeeding Parts. NOTEThe titles of the publications referred to in this standard are listed on the inside back cover. 2 Description of the contents of the BS6200 series Appendix A lists the contents of BS6200 and gives an indication of which Parts, Sections and Subse

10、ctions have already been published and which are currently in preparation or envisaged for future development. Further details of the Subsections in Part3, including ranges of application and correspondence with International or European Standards may be found in BS6200-3.0. 3 General information 3.

11、1 Background BS6200 is being developed as a replacement for BSI Handbook No19, with the intention of providing a complete manual covering all aspects of the sampling and analysis of iron, steel and other ferrous metals under one BS number. Handbook No19, which was published in1970, was a compilation

12、 of methods for the chemical analysis of ferrous metals which in turn superseded the separate Parts of BS1121. It also included methods for sampling which were identical to those given in BS1837. The scope of BS6200 is wider, in that as well as expanding the Parts relating to chemical analysis and s

13、ampling methods, it will also include general guidelines on modern analytical techniques, such as atomic absorption spectrometry, and on the use of statistics in relation to analytical methods. 3.2 Part2 Methods for sampling and sample preparation This Part will supersede BS1837, revising the method

14、s described in it in the light of the best industrial practice and taking into account the provisions contained in relevant international standards. 3.3 Part 3 Methods of analysis 3.3.1 Format Part3 is divided into separate Sections which have been allocated in alphabetical order to each element for

15、 which methods of analysis might be required. Within each Section, individual Subsections cover, as necessary, different techniques and/or different ranges of application. In a few cases, Sections have been reserved for future development. Although in the past Handbook No19 methods were developed al

16、most entirely within a national forum, in recent years there has been considerable international and regional, specifically European, activity in the preparation of standard methods for the analysis of iron and steel. The UK has taken a major part in this work and in many cases has implemented the r

17、esultant standards as dual-numbered British Standards. An indication of the origin of each method is given in Section3.0. For a number of years European Standards for iron and steel, known as “Euronorms”, were produced under the auspices of the European Iron and Steel Community. However, following t

18、he “New approach to technical harmonization and standards” adopted by the Council of Ministers of the European Community in1985 to support the establishment of the Single European Market, the European Committee for Iron and Steel Standardization, (ECISS), was set up in1986 to prepare European Standa

19、rds (ENs) for iron and steel. The main difference between Euronorms and ENs is that there is now an obligation on Member States to adopt the latter as national standards. Further to this, in April1990 it was decided by the Iron and Steel Standards Policy Committee (ISM/-) to follow the normal Europe

20、an practice of implementing European Standards under their EN numbers, i.e.EN12345 would become BS EN12345. Thus, from that time, except in cases where the European Standard simply adopted the text of a Euronorm or ISO standard which had already been dual-numbered, ENs relating to chemical analysis

21、of iron and steel have been issued as separate BSENs and not as dual-numbered Subsections of BS6200-3. The position which such standards would have occupied in the structure of Part3 is indicated inAppendix A and also in BS6200-3.0. 3.3.2 Use The methods incorporated in Part3 are intended primarily

22、for use as referee methods. At the same time, however, they include a variety of different techniques so as to reflect, as far as possible, modern laboratory practice, and many are suitable for use on a routine day-to-day basis. It is also assumed that the methods will be carried out by competent an

23、alysts and that all necessary safety procedures are observed.BS6200-1:1991 2 BSI 07-1999 3.3.3 Precision Most of the methods included in Handbook19 were developed following extensive “round robin” testing carried out in the UK and statements relating to the precision that can be expected from them a

24、re given in the revised versions incorporated in Part3. In some cases it has been possible to submit the original results to statistical analysis in accordance with the guidelines given in BS5497-1. Some of the earlier ISO and European methods do not include any precision data, but later ones were p

25、repared following more rigorous interlaboratory tests and these methods include detailed precision statements. A full explanation of the various statistical parameters used in the methods of Part3 will be given in BS6200-5. 3.3.4 Reagents and apparatus All of the methods require that only reagents o

26、f recognized analytical grade should be used and that in general water should comply with the requirements for grade2 specified in BS3978. The water may be prepared by distillation or by demineralization, but the latter process may be unsuitable for some methods, for example in the determination of

27、low concentrations of silicon. It may also be necessary to prepare it in an isolated laboratory, for example when intended for use in determinations of nitrogen, or to avoid the use of glass storage vessels. Full details are given in the appropriate Subsections. A number of liquid reagents are avail

28、able in more than one concentration, for example ammonia solution, perchloric, hydrochloric and hydrofluoric acids. Where the concentration is critical to the method, quantities for alternative strengths are specified. For determinations of elements at very low levels, it may be necessary to test se

29、veral batches of reagent and select one of adequate purity, for example sulphuric acid used in the determination of nitrogen. In some cases there is a requirement to avoid the use of glass storage vessels for reagent solutions, or to use previously unopened containers, and these precautions should b

30、e scrupulously observed. Most methods require that a parallel “blank” determination should be carried out along with each batch of tests. When abnormal values of blank are encountered the corresponding test results should be discarded. Corrective steps should be taken to identify and remedy the caus

31、ative conditions or to select purer reagents before repeating the determinations. Although not explicitly stated in some of the earlier methods, all volumetric glassware used should be class A in accordance with BS846, BS1583 or BS1792, as appropriate. Requirements for particular items of equipment,

32、 for example, atomic absorption spectrometers, are specified in the individual Subsections. In addition, it is advisable that balances and other apparatus for physical measurements should be serviced regularly in order to ensure that there is no gradual deterioration in performance. Balances and wei

33、ghts should also be calibrated at regular intervals using reference weights which in turn have been calibrated so as to provide an unbroken chain of traceability to national measurement standards held by the National Physical Laboratory. Reference weights should always be kept secure in a suitable e

34、nvironment separate from working weights. 3.4 Part4 Recommendations for the order of listing elements in the chemical analysis of steel This Part is based on ISO/TR6306 and follows the order originally given in BS5259, which it supersedes. 3.5 Part5 Statistics This Part will give a detailed explanat

35、ion of the various statistical parameters which have been used to determine the precision of the methods given in Part3 and will include appropriate information from relevant International and European documents. 3.6 Part6 Guidelines on atomic absorption spectrometric techniques Sections6.1 and6.2 a

36、re based, respectively, on the European Information Circulars No8 and No9, published by the Commission of the European Communities. Many of the later ISO and European standard methods involving flame atomic absorption spectrometry have been prepared in accordance with the recommendations given in th

37、ese documents.BS6200-1:1991 BSI 07-1999 3 Appendix A List of contents of the BS6200 series The following is a list of the Parts, Sections and Subsections of BS6200 which are published, in preparation or to be the subject of future development. Title Year of publication Part1 Introduction and content

38、s 1991 Part2 Methods of sampling and sample preparation a Part3 Methods of analysis 1991 Section3.0 Summary of methods Section3.1 Determination of aluminium 3.1.1 Steel, cast iron and low carbon ferrochromium: volumetric method a 3.1.2 Steel and cast iron: spectrophotometric method a 3.1.3 Steel: pl

39、asma atomization spectrometric method b 3.1.4 Non-alloyed steel: flame atomic absorption spectrometric method 1990 3.1.5 Ferrosilicon: flame atomic absorption spectrometric method 1985 3.1.6 Permanent magnet alloys: volumetric method a Section3.2 Determination of antimony b Section3.3 Determination

40、of arsenic 3.3.1 Steel and cast iron: spectrophotometric method a Section3.4 Determination of bismuth b Section3.5 Determination of boron 3.5.1 Steel: spectrophotometric method a 3.5.2 Ferroboron: volumetric method a Section3.6 Determination of cadmium b Section3.7 Determination of calcium 3.7.1 Ste

41、el: flame atomic absorption spectrometric method 1987 Section3.8 Determination of carbon 3.8.1 See BS EN10036 1991 3.8.2 Steel and cast iron: non-aqueous titrimetric method after combustion a 3.8.3 Steel and cast iron: infra-red absorption method after combustion in an induction furnace 1990 3.8.4 S

42、teel: coulometric method b 3.8.5 Cast iron and pig iron: gravimetric method for the determination of non-combined carbon a Section3.9 Determination of cerium b Section3.10 Determination of chromium 1991 3.10.1 See BS EN24937 3.10.2 Steel and cast iron: flame atomic absorption spectrometric method 19

43、90 3.10.3 Steel: plasma atomization spectrometric method b 3.10.4 Ferrochromium and ferrosilico chromium: potentiometric method 1985 3.10.5 Ferrochromium: volumetric method a Section3.11 Determination of cobalt 3.11.1 Steel and cast iron: spectrophotometric method a 3.11.2 Steel and cast iron: spect

44、rophotometric method for trace amounts a a In preparation. b Future development.BS6200-1:1991 4 BSI 07-1999 Title Year of publication Section3.12 Determination of copper 3.12.1 Steel and cast iron: volumetric method 1986 3.12.2 Steel and cast iron: spectrophotometric method 1985 3.12.3 Steel and cas

45、t iron: flame atomic absorption spectrometric method 1986 3.12.4 Cast iron: volumetric method 1986 3.12.5 Permanent magnet alloys: volumetric method 1986 Section3.13 Determination of hydrogen b Section3.14 Determination of iron b Section3.15 Determination of lanthanum b Section3.16 Determination of

46、lead 3.16.1 Carbon steel and low alloy steel: gravimetric method 1986 3.16.2 Steel: spectrophotometric method 1986 3.16.3 Steel: spectrophotometric method for trace amounts a 3.16.4 Steel: flame atomic absorption spectrometric method 1987 Section3.17 Determination of magnesium 3.17.1 Cast iron: volu

47、metric method a Section3.18 Determination of manganese 3.18.1 See BS EN10071 1991 3.18.2 Steel: spectrophotometric method 1985 3.18.3 Ferromanganese and ferrosilicomanganese: potentiometric method 1985 3.18.4 Steel and cast iron: volumetric method a 3.18.5 Steel and cast iron: flame atomic absorptio

48、n spectrometric method a Section3.19 Determination of molybdenum 3.19.1 Steel and cast iron: spectrophotometric method 1985 3.19.2 Ferromolybdenum: gravimetric method a 3.19.3 Molybdenum oxide and molybdenite ores: gravimetric method a Section3.20 Determination of nickel 3.20.1 Steel and cast iron:

49、gravimetric or titrimetric method 1989 3.20.3 Steel and cast iron: spectrophotometric method 1985 3.20.4 See BS EN10136 1991 Section3.21 Determination of niobium 3.21.1 Steel: spectrophotometric method 1986 Section3.22 Determination of nitrogen 3.22.1 Steel: volumetric method a 3.22.2 Steel: spectrophotometric method 1985 3.22.3 Steel (trace amounts): spectrophotometric method 1986 Section3.23 Determination of oxygen b Section3.24 Determination of phosphorus 3.24.1 Steel and cast iron: spectrophotometric method 1985 3.24.2 Ferrochromium, ferromanganese and ferromolybdenum: spe