BS 6043-4 10-1991 Methods of sampling and test for carbonaceous materials used in aluminium manufacture - Cold ramming pastes - Determination of the apparent porosity of baked ramm.pdf

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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS 6043-4.10: 1991 Methods of sampling and test for Carbonaceous materials used in aluminium manufacture Part 4: Cold ramming pastes Section 4.10 Determination of the apparent porosity of baked rammed paste NOTEIt is recommended that this Section be read in conjunction with the gene

2、ral information in BS6043-4.0, published separately.BS6043-4.10:1991 This British Standard, having been prepared under the directionof the Chemicals Standards Policy Committee, waspublished under the authorityof the Standards Boardand comes into effect on 30September1991 BSI 10-1999 The following BS

3、I references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference CIC/24 Draft for comment 90/54850DC ISBN 0 580 19935 5 Committees responsible for this British Standard The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted by the Chemicals Standards Policy Committee (CIC/-) to Technical Commit

4、tee CIC/24, upon which the following bodies were represented: Aluminium Federation British Ceramic Research Ltd. Chemical Industries Association Institute of Petroleum Refractories Association of Great Britain Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date CommentsBS6043-4.10:1991 BSI 10-1999 i C

5、ontents Page Committees responsible Inside front cover Foreword ii 1 Scope 1 2 Principle 1 3 Reagent 1 4 Apparatus 1 5 Materials 1 6 Sampling 1 7 Preparation of test samples 1 8 Procedure 1 9 Calculation and expression of results 1 10 Test report 2 Publication(s) referred to Inside back coverBS6043-

6、4.10:1991 ii BSI 10-1999 Foreword This Section of BS6043 has been prepared under the direction of the Chemicals Standards Policy Committee to provide a method of test for cold ramming pastes used in the production of aluminium. There is no corresponding International Standard; however, it is intende

7、d, upon publication of this Section of BS 6043, that it be offered to the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) for possible adoption as an International Standard. It is essential that BS6043-2.6, BS6043-4.1, BS6043-4.6 and BS6043-4.7 be read in conjunction with this Section of BS6043

8、. This standard describes a method of test only, and should not be used or quoted as a specification defining the characteristics of a product. Reference to this Section should indicate that the method of test used complies with BS6043-4.10:1991. A British Standard does not purport to include all th

9、e necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii,

10、 pages1 and 2, an inside back cover and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover.BS6043-4.10:1991 BSI 10-1999 1 1 Scope This Section of BS6043 describes a method

11、 for the determination of the apparent porosity of baked rammed cold ramming paste used in aluminium manufacture. NOTEThe titles of the publications referred to in this standard are listed on the inside back cover. 2 Principle A baked test piece is produced from a test sample of cold ramming paste b

12、y ramming under regulated conditions followed by baking according to a defined programme. The test piece is weighed and measured and its apparent density is calculated. The test piece is crushed and ground to a fine powder and the density of the powder in xylene is measured. The apparent porosity of

13、 the test piece is calculated from its apparent density and the density of the powder in xylene. 3 Reagent WARNING. Refer to the reagent suppliers health and safety data sheets for the precautions which are to be observed for the safe use of xylene. 3.1 Xylene, general purpose reagent grade, of dens

14、ity approximately 0.860g/mL. 4 Apparatus 4.1 Ordinary laboratory apparatus 4.2 Ramming apparatus, and the other apparatus described in clause4 of BS6043-4.7:1991. 4.3 Pyknometer, and the other apparatus described in clause5 of BS6043-2.6:1986. 4.4 Jaw crusher, or other crushing device, capable of cr

15、ushing the baked test piece to approximately6mm or smaller particle size without introducing contamination, e.g. by abrasion of the facing of the jaws. 5 Materials Use the materials described in clause5 of BS6043-4.7:1991. 6 Sampling Prepare a representative laboratory sample of cold ramming paste i

16、n accordance with BS6043-4.1. 7 Preparation of test samples Prepare three groups of test samples, each comprising at least three test samples from the laboratory sample (see clause6) by the method described in 7.1 and 7.2 of BS6043-4.7:1991. 8 Procedure 8.1 Preparation of baked test pieces Prepare t

17、hree groups, each comprising three rammed test pieces 50mm in diameter and502mm in height, from the test samples (seeclause6) by the procedure described in 8.1 of BS6043-4.7:1991 using the ramming apparatus. If the cold ramming paste requires pre-curing before being baked, pre-cure the test pieces i

18、n accordance with 8.3 of BS6043-4.7:1991. Bake the rammed test pieces by the procedure described in 8.4 of BS6043-4.7:1991. Weigh and measure the test pieces and calculate their apparent density in accordance with 9.1 of BS6043-4.7:1991. NOTEIf test pieces produced in accordance with BS6043-4.7 have

19、 already been used for the determination of the cold crushing strength by the method described in BS6043-4.9, material recovered from that determination may be used in the present method provided that it is uncontaminated and that the recovery of material is substantially quantitative. 8.2 Crushing

20、the test pieces Crush each of the test pieces separately using the jaw crusher (4.4) to produce granular samples of maximum particle size of approximately 6mm. 8.3 Subdivision Subdivide each of the crushed test pieces (8.2) separately, by quartering, to produce samples of approximately 50g. 8.4 Dete

21、rmination of density in xylene Perform the following determination on each of the subdivided samples (see8.3). Grind each sample and determine its density in xylene in accordance with clause7 of BS6043-2.6:1986. 9 Calculation and expression of results 9.1 Apparent density of the baked test piece Cal

22、culate the apparent density, X, of each baked test piece (see8.1), in g/mL, using the following equation: where: Calculate the apparent density of each test piece to three decimal places. Calculate the mean apparent density for each group of three test pieces to three decimal places. M is the mass o

23、f the test piece (see 8.1) (in g); h is the mean height of the test piece (see8.1) (in mm); d is the mean diameter of the test piece (see8.1) (in mm).BS6043-4.10:1991 2 BSI 10-1999 9.2 Density of the sample in xylene Calculate the density, Y, of each crushed and ground sample (see8.3), ing/mL, in ac

24、cordance with clause8 of BS6043-2.6:1986. 9.3 Apparent porosity Calculate the apparent porosity, Z, of each test piece, as a percentage by volume, using the following equation: where: Calculate the result to one decimal place. Calculate the mean apparent porosity for each group of three test pieces

25、(see8.1) to one decimal place. 10 Test report The test report shall include the following information: a) a complete identification of the sample of cold ramming paste; b) a reference to this British Standard, i.e.BS6043-4.10:1991; c) the mean apparent density, mean density in xylene and the mean ap

26、parent porosity calculated in accordance with clause9, for each of the three groups of test pieces (see8.1); d) any unusual features noted during the determination; e) any operation not included in this British Standard or regarded as optional. X is the apparent density of the test piece (see9.1) (i

27、n g/mL); Y is the density of the sample in xylene (see9.2) (in g/mL).BS6043-4.10:1991 BSI 10-1999 Publication(s) referred to BS 6043, Methods of sampling and test for carbonaceous materials used in aluminium manufacture. BS 6043-2, Electrode coke. BS 6043-2.6, Determination of the density in xylene

28、of calcined cokes. BS 6043-4, Cold ramming pastes. BS 6043-4.0, General introduction 1) . BS 6043-4.1, Methods of sampling. BS 6043-4.6, Determination of maximum rammed apparent density 2) . BS 6043-4.7, Preparation of baked rammed test pieces and determination of baked apparent density, change in v

29、olume and loss in mass. BS 6043-4.9, Determination of the cold crushing strength of baked rammed paste. 1) Referred to on the front cover only 2) Referred to in the foreword onlyBS 6043-4.10: 1991 BSI 389 Chiswick High Road London W4 4AL BSIBritishStandardsInstitution BSI is the independent national

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