BS 598-1-2011 Sampling and examination of bituminous mixtures for roads and other paved areas Methods for the measurement of the rate of spread of coated chippings and the temperat.pdf

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1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS 598-1:2011Sampling and examinationof bituminous mixtures forroads and other paved areasPart 1: Methods for themeasurement of the rate of spreadof coated chippings and thetempe

2、rature of bituminous mixturesusing non-contacttemperature-measuring devices andfor the assessment of thecompaction performance of a rollerPublishing and copyright informationThe BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the documentwas last issued. BSI 2011ISBN 978 0 580 71722 2

3、ICS 93.080.10; 93.080.20The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard:Committee reference B/510/1Draft for comment 11/30228683 DCPublication historyFirst published as BS 598-108 September 1990Second edition as BS 598-108 January 2006First published as BS 598-109 September 1990Firs

4、t published as BS 598-1 July 2011Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS 598-1:2011 BRITISH STANDARDContents1 Scope 12 Normative references 13 Definitions 14 Measurement of the rate of spread of coated chippings 15 Assessment of the compaction performance of a roller 36 Measurement o

5、f the temperature of coated mixtures using non-contacttemperature-measuring devices 5Bibliography 7List of figuresFigure 1 Layout of metal trays in front of chipping spreader 3Figure2Typical experimental layout to access the effectiveness of analternative roller 4Summary of pagesThis document compri

6、ses a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i to ii,pages 1 to 8, an inside back cover and a back cover.BRITISH STANDARD BS 598-1:2011 BSI 2011 iForewordPublishing informationThis part of BS 598 is published by BSI and came into effect on 31 July 2011. Itwas prepared by Technical Committee B/510

7、/1, Asphalt products. A list oforganizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to itssecretary.SupersessionThis part of BS 598 supersedes BS 598-108:2005 and BS 598-109:1990+A1:2000,which are withdrawn.Relationship with other publicationsBS 598 consists of two parts; the other

8、 published part of BS 598 is as follows: BS 598-112:2004, Method for the use of road surface hardness probe1)This part of BS 598 introduces changes associated with the introduction of theEuropean standards for test methods for hot mix asphalt.A hot sand test for the adhesivity of binder on precoated

9、 chippings for hotrolled asphalt has been published as BS EN 12697-37. The method inBS EN 12697-37 is based on the method described in BS 598-108:2005 fordetermining the condition of the binder on coated chippings, which is nowwithdrawn.A test method for temperature measurement has been published as

10、BS EN 12697-13. The method in BS EN 12697-13 is based on the methoddescribed in BS 598-109:1990+A1:2000 for the measurement of the temperatureof coated mixtures using a probe thermometer, which is now withdrawn.Guidance on the use of BS EN 12697-13 and BS EN 12697-37 can be found inPD 6692:2006.Due

11、to the different factors to be considered when sampling and testing masticsfor roads and other paved areas it has been decided to continue publishing therequirements for mastics as a separate British Standard, i.e. BS 5284.Information about this documentThis is a full revision of the standard, and i

12、ntroduces the following principalchanges: two parts of the BS 598 series: parts 108 and 109, for which there are nocorresponding European standards, have been combined; Figure 1 has been introduced for clarity; the results of a review of parts of BS 598, for which there are nocorresponding European

13、standards, have been incorporated.Use of this documentIt has been assumed in the preparation of this British Standard that theexecution of its provisions will be entrusted to appropriately qualified andexperienced people, for whose use it has been produced.1)B/510/2, Surface treatments, is the commi

14、ttee responsible for BS 598-112.BRITISH STANDARDBS 598-1:2011ii BSI 2011Presentational conventionsThe provisions of this standard are presented in roman (i.e. upright) type. Itsmethods are expressed as a set of instructions, a description, or in sentences inwhich the principal auxiliary verb is “sha

15、ll”.Contractual and legal considerationsThis publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of acontract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legalobligations.BRITISH STANDARD BS 598-1:2011 BSI 2011 ii

16、iBRITISH STANDARDBS 598-1:2011This page deliberately left blankiv BSI 20111 ScopeThis part of BS 598 describes a method for measuring the rate of spread ofcoated chippings, assessing the compaction performance of a roller and givesprocedures for measuring the temperature of coated mixtures using non

17、-contacttemperature-measuring devices.2 Normative referencesThe following referenced documents are indispensable for the application ofthis document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undatedreferences, the latest edition of the referenced document (including anyamendments) a

18、pplies.BS 6100-4:2008, Building and civil engineering Vocabulary Part 4: TransportBS 594987, Asphalt for roads and other paved areas Specification for transport,laying and compaction and type testing protocolsBS EN 932-1, Tests for general properties of aggregates Part 1: Methods ofsamplingBS EN 126

19、97-6:2003, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 6: Determination of bulk density of bituminous specimensPD 6691, Guidance on the use of BS EN 13108 Bituminous mixtures Materialspecifications3 DefinitionsFor the purposes of this part of BS 598 the definitions given in BS 6100-4:2

20、008apply.4 Measurement of the rate of spread of coatedchippings4.1 PrincipleThis test derives the quantity of chippings needed for (a single layer of)shoulder-to-shoulder cover of an area (see 4.3.1.1). The mass of chippings persquared metre for shoulder-to-shoulder cover is obtained. The mass of ch

21、ippingsfor mechanical chipping spreaders and of those applied by hand is alsodetermined.NOTE The value for shoulder-to-shoulder cover is needed to establish the criterionfrom which the specified mass of chippings on the road is calculated. The othervalues are used to check whether the specified quan

22、tity on the road has beenachieved.4.2 Method for establishing the rate of spread of chippings persquare metre that gives shoulder-to-shoulder coverProceed as follows.a) Take a sample of chippings in accordance with BS EN 932-1.b) Riffle a representative sample of the chippings to provide a sub-sampl

23、e ofapproximately 1 kg for 14/20 mm sized chippings or approximately 750 gfor 8/14 mm sized chippings.c) Place the chippings from the sub-sample in a tray, which is not smallerthan 600 mm 600 mm with vertical sides approximately 15 mm to 20 mmBRITISH STANDARD BS 598-1:2011 BSI 2011 1high, and indivi

24、dually position the chippings by hand, in a single layer suchthat there is shoulder-to-shoulder cover.d) Take further sub-samples and add the chippings to the tray until the area iscompletely covered.e) Determine the mass of these chippings to an accuracy of 5 g and repeatthe test three times.f) Tak

25、e the mean of the four results, divide it by the area of the tray andobtain the rate of spread of chippings per square metre forshoulder-to-shoulder cover.NOTE The repeatability and reproducibility of the results of the test are 5%and 8%, respectively.4.3 Measurement of the rate of spread of chippin

26、gs formechanical chipping spreaders4.3.1 Apparatus4.3.1.1 Ten aluminium trays, shallow, 300 mm square, secured by four shortlengths of chain to a metal disc surmounted by a hook and a calibrated springbalance.4.3.1.2 Spring balance, calibrated in kg/m2with a range of 4 kg/m2to 16 kg/m2.All trays for

27、 use with one spring balance shall be of equal mass.4.3.2 CalibrationProceed as follows.a) Check the calibration of the spring balance on each day of use or morefrequently if an error is suspected.b) Carry this out by placing masses of chippings on the tray equivalent to themasses of chippings givin

28、g a low and high rate of spread,e.g. 7.5 kg/m2and 15 kg/m2.c) Check that the calibration of the spring balance is correct at these tworates.4.3.3 ProcedureProceed as follows.a) Lay out five metal trays in front of each half width of the chipping spreaderas shown in Figure 1 and when the machine has

29、passed over them, hookeach tray with its quota of chippings onto the spring balance and lift it,then note the rate of spread.b) Immediately empty all of the chippings on the tray to the vacant area onthe road before the roller traverses that area.c) Repeat this to get 10 readings for each half width

30、 of chipping spreader andreport the mean of these 10 readings as the rate of spread for each halfwidth.d) Repeat the measurements of the mass:1) for each new batch of chippings;2) if visual observation indicates a change in the quantity;3) if the machine is changed; or appropropriately4) at the disc

31、retion of the purchaser or their representative.BRITISH STANDARDBS 598-1:20112 BSI 20114.3.4 Reporting of resultsReport the rate of spread of chippings as the average of each groupof 10 results.4.4 Rate of spread of chippings applied by handDetermine the quantity of chippings from the mass of chippi

32、ngs used and thearea of the road covered by these chippings.5 Assessment of the compaction performance of aroller5.1 PrincipleThe procedure is used to obtain an indication of the compaction performance ofany type of roller (referred to as the alternative roller) compared with theminimum 8 t roller t

33、raditionally specified for compacting rolled asphalt. Theprocedure takes the form of pilot-scale compaction trials and can be used todetermine whether a particular roller can achieve an acceptable level ofcompaction compared with an 8 t roller. Where a roller manufacturer can showthat such a procedu

34、re has been carried out with a particular make and model ofroller, it is not normally necessary for further assessment trials to be carried out(see also BS 594987), providing that information is supplied that makes itpossible for the same type and mode of operation to be followed.5.2 Test conditions

35、Ensure that the conditions of the trial are such that the ease of compacting thematerial is equal to or less than that for the conditions of the contract, e.g. thetrial material is of the same composition as that to be laid in the contract (or isknown to be at least as difficult to compact) and the

36、temperatures of rolling inthe trial are no higher than those of the contract. Use a structure of realisticstiffness to compact the material on.5.3 ProcedureProceed as follows.a) Operate the alternative roller and conventional 8 t roller side by side overFigure 1 Layout of metal trays in front of chi

37、pping spreaderDimensions in mmBRITISH STANDARD BS 598-1:2011 BSI 2011 3the trial material, laid by a paving machine, in one pass. Do not move therollers laterally between successive passes as in typical site work.NOTE 1 The effects of variations in temperature and mix composition thatmight occur in

38、the longitudinal direction along the laid asphalt are thuseliminated as the effectiveness of both rollers are equally affected.b) Ensure that the layout of the trial is as shown in Figure 2, and carry out fourand eight roller passes for the trials.NOTE 2 The standard 8 t roller should preferably be

39、a tandem machine tofacilitate counting passes; each pass consists of one front and one rear wheelcoverage of the machine.c) Determine the mean density of each trial area by removing cores from eacharea as shown in the experimental layout in Figure 2 and measuring theirdensities in accordance with BS

40、 EN 12697-6:2003, Clause 9, then record theresults.5.4 Expression of resultsCompare the roller machines, taking into account their respective coveringcapacities. The product of the width of the alternative roller and its speed in thetrial gives the relative rates of compaction compared with that pro

41、vided by theconventional roller. Report the mean density for each trial area.NOTE The results of this test method may be used to ascertain the effectiveness ofthe alternative roller by comparing the mean density achieved at each pass levelinvestigated with the result obtained with the conventional 8

42、 t roller. The respectiverates of compaction may also be used as a means of assessing its effectiveness.Figure 2 Typical experimental layout to access the effectiveness of an alternative rollerDimensions in mBRITISH STANDARDBS 598-1:20114 BSI 20116 Measurement of the temperature of coatedmixtures us

43、ing non-contacttemperature-measuring devices6.1 PrincipleThis procedure is used to obtain the temperature of bitumen coated mixtureswithout making contact with the measuring device. The temperatures of themixed materials are specified in PD 6691:2010, Tables B.17, C.4 and D.3, andBS 594987:2010, 9.2

44、.2 and Table A.1. The procedure set out in this clause is forguidance on the instrument and the method that are to be used in measuringthese temperatures.NOTE Advice on the use of probe thermometers is given in BS EN 12697-13.6.2 Apparatus6.2.1 Thermocouple.6.2.2 Platinum resistance or reference mer

45、cury-in-glass thermometer.6.2.3 Infra-red thermometer, with UKAS calibration certificate.6.2.4 Calibrated electrical source.6.3 Calibration6.3.1 Infra-red thermometers shall be checked against a referencethermocouple, platinum resistance or reference mercury-in-glassthermometer or calibrated electri

46、cal source approximately every 6 months.NOTE The thermometer should have an accuracy of 2 C.6.3.2 Reference thermocouples, platinum resistance thermometers orelectrical sources shall be re-calibrated approximately once every 2 years andreference mercury-in-glass thermometers approximately once every

47、 5 years.6.4 Measurement by hand-held infra-red thermometerCOMMENTARY ON 6.4This type of thermometer has the advantage of being very portable and ofproviding many readings in a short period of time. However, because it depends onheat radiation and not contact, as with other thermometer types, it is

48、less suitablefor certain applications.6.4.1 The infra-red thermometer shall be set to the emissivity rangeappropriate for bitumen coated mixtures as detailed in the manufacturersinstructions.6.4.2 When measuring the temperature of moving material, e.g. dischargefrom a hopper or lorry or in the auger

49、s of a paver, the temperature readingshall be taken by pointing the thermometer at the material from a distanceof approximately 0.75 m, unless otherwise recommended by themanufacturer.6.4.3 When measuring the temperature of material: in a lorry, in the hopperof a paver, in a heap or as a paved layer, the thermometer shall be held atthe distance from the material recommended by the manufacturer. WhenBRITISH STANDARD BS 598-1:2011 BSI 2011 5appropriate, the top 50 mm to 100 mm layer of material shall be removedand the temperature taken i