BS 5964-2-1996 Building setting out and measurement Measuring stations and targets《房屋放样和测量方法 定线和测量 测量点和测量目标》.pdf

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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS 5964-2: 1996 ISO 4463-2: 1995 Building setting out and measurement Part 2: Measuring stations and targets ICS 91.040BS 5964-2:1996 This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Sector Board for Building and Civil Engineering, was published under the autho

2、rity of the Standards Board and comes into effect on 15 September 1996 BSI 11-1998 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference B/212 Draft for comment 91/12503 DC ISBN 0 580 26304 5 Committees responsible for this British Standard The preparation of this Bri

3、tish Standard was entrusted to Technical Committee B/212, Tolerances, drawing practice, modular coordination, joints, project information and computer modelling, upon which the following bodies were represented: Architects and Surveyors Institute Association of Building Engineers Association of Coun

4、ty Councils British Institute of Architectural Technologies Building Employers Confederation Chartered Institute of Building Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers Concrete Society Department of the Environment (Building Research Establishment) Institution of Civil Engineers Institutio

5、n of Structural Engineers Local Authority Organizations Royal Institute of British Architects Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors Society of Chief Architects of Local Authorities The following bodies were also represented in the drafting of the standard, through subcommittees and panels: Brick

6、Development Association British Constructional Steelwork Association Ltd. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date CommentsBS 5964-2:1996 BSI 11-1998 i Contents Page Committees responsible Inside front cover National foreword ii 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references 1 3 Definitions 1 4 General 1

7、 5 Planning 1 6 Functional needs of stations and targets 2 7 Maintenance 4 Annex A (informative) Examples of stations and targets 5 Annex B (informative) Bibliography 28 Figure 1 Examples of forms for point description 3 Figure A.1 Stations and targets: Example 1 Wooden peg 6 Figure A.2 Stations and

8、 targets: Example 2 In situ cast concrete blockindugor augered hole 7 Figure A.3 Stations and targets: Example 3 In situ pillar using pipe orothersleeve 8 Figure A.4 Stations and targets: Example 4 Driven pipe 9 Figure A.5 Stations and targets: Example 5 Pipe with anchor sprongsandstabilizing wings

9、10 Figure A.6 Stations and targets: Example 6 Nail and identification washer 11 Figure A.7 Stations and targets: Example 7 Steel plate in concrete 12 Figure A.8 Stations and targets: Example 8 Painted marks with pencillineson floors and walls 13 Figure A.9 Stations and targets: Example 9 Wall target

10、s, elevated targets,aiming targets 14 Figure A.10 Stations and targets: Example 10 Detachable wall-mounted target 15 Figure A.11 Stations and targets: Example 11 Corner profile 16 Figure A.12 Stations and targets: Example 12 Range poles, target poles,nailsand pencil points 17 Figure A.13 Stations an

11、d targets: Example 13 Metal markers and studs 18 Figure A.14 Stations and targets: Example 14 Benchmarks 19 Figure A.15 Stations and targets: Example 15 Precast concrete block 20 Figure A.16 Stations and targets: Example 16 Observation pillar 21 Figure A.17 Stations and targets: Example 17 Station p

12、rotection 22 Figure A.18 Stations and targets: Example 18 Station protection 23 Figure A.19 Measuring points and targets: Example 19 Short-range reflector 24 Figure A.20 Example of a setting-out plan (grid system) 25 Figure A.21 Example of a setting-out plan (coordinated system) 26 Table A.1 Guide t

13、o facilitate the use of annex A 5 Table A.2 Symbols used in Figure A.20 and Figure A.21: Coordinate stations and targets 27 List of references Inside back coverBS 5964-2:1996 ii BSI 11-1998 National foreword This Part of BS 5964 is identical with ISO 4463:1995 Measuring methods for building Setting-

14、out and measurement Part 2: Measuring stations and targets, published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). It provides advice and guidance on selection, site location and maintenance of measuring stations and targets, for all types of building construction. The series of part

15、s comprising BS 5964 provide guidance on the following aspects of setting out and measurement: Part 1: Methods of measuring, planning and organization and acceptance criteria; Part 2: Measuring stations and targets; Part 3: Checklists for the procurement of surveys and measurement services. The part

16、s are referred to in BS 5606:1990 Guide to accuracy in building. Cross-references Publication referred to Corresponding British Standard Normative ISO 4463-1:1989 Building setting out and measurement Part 1:1990 Methods of measuring, planning and organization and acceptance criteria (Identical) Info

17、rmative ISO 7078:1985 BS 6953:1988 Glossary of terms for procedures for setting out, measuring and surveying in building construction (including guidance notes) (Identical) BS 7307 Building tolerances. Measurement of buildings andbuilding products ISO 7976-1:1989 Part 1:1990 Methods and instruments

18、(Identical) ISO 7976-2:1989 Part 2:1989 Position of measuring points (Identical) BS 7334 Measuring instruments for building construction. Methods for determining accuracy in use ISO 8322-1:1989 Part 1:1990 Methods for determining accuracy in use: theory (Identical) ISO 8322-2:1989 Part 2:1990 Method

19、s for determining accuracy in use: measuring tapes (Identical) ISO 8322-3:1989 Part 3:1990 Methods for determining accuracy in use: optical levelling instruments (Identical) ISO 8322-4:1991 Part 4:1992 Methods for determining accuracy in use of theodolites (Identical) ISO 8322-5:1991 Part 5:1992 Met

20、hods for determining accuracy in use of optical plumbing instruments (Identical) ISO 8322-6:1991 Part 6:1992 Methods for determining accuracy in use of laser instruments (Identical) ISO 8322-7:1991 Part 7:1992 Methods for determining accuracy in use of instruments when used for setting out (Identica

21、l)BS 5964-2:1996 BSI 11-1998 iii The Technical Committee has reviewed the provisions of ISO 1803-1:1985, ISO 1803-2:1986 and ISO 4464:1980 to which normative reference is made in the text and has decided that they are acceptable for use in conjunction with this standard. A related standard to ISO 18

22、03 is BS 6100 Glossary of building and civil engineering terms Subsection 1.5.1:1984 Coordination of dimensions; tolerances and accuracy. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct applicatio

23、n. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. ISO 8322-8:1992 Part 8:1992 Methods for determining accuracy in use of electronic distance-measuring instruments up to 150 m (Identical) Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside

24、front cover, pages i to iv, pages1to 28, an inside back cover and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on theinside front cover.iv blankBS 5964-2:1996 BSI 11-1998 1 1 Scope This part

25、of ISO 4463 deals with the progressive stages of establishing and marking measuring stations and targets on building sites. The aspects covered are planning, functional needs and maintenance. This part of ISO 4463 applies to measuring stations and targets in all types of building construction. Examp

26、les of different stations and targets and location plans are given in annex A. 2 Normative references The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this part of ISO 4463. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All s

27、tandards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this part of ISO 4463 are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the standards indicated below. Members of the IEC and ISO maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. IS

28、O 1803: 1) , Building construction Expression of dimensional accuracy Vocabulary. ISO 4463-1:1989, Measurement methods for building Setting-out and measurement Part1:Planning and organization, measuring procedures, acceptance criteria. 3 Definitions For the purposes of this part of ISO 4463, the def

29、initions given in ISO 1803 and ISO 4463-1 apply. 4 General Stations and targets are the basis of all setting-out and measuring procedures. It is important that the locations of stations and targets are properly planned and constructed to meet their functional requirements throughout the building pro

30、cess. The requirements include the need for stability, accessibility and clear lines of sight throughout their useful life, wherever possible. The type, quality and permanence of stations and targets depend on the particular project requirements in relation to the various categories of setting-out a

31、nd measurement described in ISO 4463-1. Planning and maintenance of stations and targets are essential to ensure reliable results. 5 Planning 5.1 Location The locations of the stations and targets should be chosen to meet the requirements and conditions of the particular construction site. These may

32、 depend on: a) the type of construction and complexity; b) the availability and suitability of the proposed locations for the stations and targets; c) the intended locations of the site offices, stores and site construction roads; d) the locations of underground utilities; e) the ground conditions;

33、f) the period for which each station and target is required. During the relevant stages of construction, it is important to keep essential lines of sight between stations and targets clear of all obstructions to enable the setting-out and subsequent check and compliance measurements to be made. Stat

34、ions should have easy access and sufficient working space to allow free movement around the point. 5.2 Approvals Before establishing stations and targets outside the site, permission may be required from the adjacent property owner. Before establishing stations and targets on the construction site,

35、it is recommended that the site manager is in agreement with the proposed locations. Each location should be indicated on both the site plan and the appropriate location plan. 5.3 Programme A programme giving the time schedules for the establishment of the stations and targets should be prepared, wh

36、ich takes into account the construction schedule, the ground conditions, the accessibility to the building site and its location. This programme should, wherever possible, include sufficient time to allow for relevant settlement and shrinkage to take place before the primary stations are used for me

37、asurement purposes. 1) To be published. (Revision of ISO 1803-1:1985, ISO 1803-2:1986 and ISO 4464:1980).BS 5964-2:1996 2 BSI 11-1998 6 Functional needs of stations and targets 6.1 Stability and durability On the site there are many risks to the stability of measuring points, such as disturbance fro

38、m site traffic and works, settlement in the ground due to proximity of excavation, blasting, load from heavy foundations and vibrations from traffic. When constructing stations and targets, their design and materials should fulfil the needs of stability and durability. Examples of stations and targe

39、ts are given in annex A. 6.2 Protection Appropriate actions should be taken to protect stations and targets in vulnerable locations from disturbance by providing physical barriers such as posts and guard rails. Visual warnings such as buntings or painted rails should be provided. Wall targets outsid

40、e the site should be placed out of reach from the ground level. 6.3 Marking Stations and targets should have distinct and unambiguous marks. For a specific site, all stations and targets should have unique referencing. These should be indicated on the location plan. 6.4 Station and target descriptio

41、n All important stations and targets should be described so that they can be located easily. For each of these stations or targets, a description should be given that provides the following information: a) location sketch indicating the position of the station or target in relation to an easily reco

42、gnizable permanent feature or features (witness marks); b) identity reference; c) whether it concerns a station, target or bench-mark; d) form of construction; e) coordinates or level value, as appropriate; f) date. Examples of descriptions for a station and a bench-mark are given in Figure 1.BS 596

43、4-2:1996 BSI 11-1998 3 Figure 1 Examples of forms for point descriptionBS 5964-2:1996 4 BSI 11-1998 7 Maintenance 7.1 Visual The first stage of inspection is to look for any visible indication of changed status; i.e. damage, movement or instability of a station or target. 7.2 By measurement An inspe

44、ction by measurement should be made when the integrity of the station or target appears to have been disturbed, or at the time of handing over the responsibilities for the established setting-out system. When the inspection reveals that the existing station or target is not valid or is unstable, whe

45、rever possible, correct location of the station or target should be reinstated or an alternative station or target established in a stable location. An up-to-date record should be kept of any changed status, or re-instatements, or of new positions of stations and targetsBS 5964-2:1996 BSI 11-1998 5

46、Annex A (informative) Examples of stations and targets A.1 This annex gives examples of measuring stations and targets (Figure A.1 to Figure A.18) and an example of measuring points and targets (Figure A.19). It includes a Guide (Table A.1) which is subdivided according to the main uses of the stati

47、ons and targets. This annex also includes two examples of a location plan of stations and targets (Figure A.20 and Figure A.21) and a list of symbols to be used on location plans (Table A.2). A.2 The duration of stations and targets varies greatly for particular stations and targets on specific site

48、s, but is in general assumed to be the following: a) short term: up to 1 month; b) medium term: up to 1 year; c) long term: at least for the duration of the building project. Table A.1 Guide to facilitate the use of annex A Example No. Detail points Targets Markers Point protection Location plan of

49、stations and targets Primary points Secondary points 1 2 2 3 BM 4 4BM 5 BM 6 6 6 7 7 8 BM 9 10 10 11 12 12 13 BM 13 14 BM 14 BM 15 BM 16 BM 17 18 19 19 20 21 BM = benchmark The numbers refer to Figure A.1 to Figure A.21.BS 5964-2:1996 6 BSI 11-1998 Figure A.1 Stations and targets: Example 1BS 5964-2:1996 BSI 11-1998 7 Figure A.2 Stations and targets: Example 2BS 5964-2:1996 8 BSI 11-1998 Figure A.3 Stations and targets: Example 3BS 5964-2:1996 BSI 11-1