BS 4872-1-1982 Specification for approval testing of welders when welding procedure approval is not required - Fusion welding of steel《不要求批准焊接程序的焊工考试规范 第1部分 钢熔焊》.pdf

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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS 4872-1: 1982 (Reprinted, incorporating Amendment No. 1) Specification for Approval testing of welders when welding procedure approval is not required Part 1: Fusion welding of steel UDC 621.791.007.2:331.108.376:669.14:621.791.55BS 4872-1:1982 This British Standard, having been p

2、repared under the directionof the Welding Standards Committee, was published under the authority of the Board of BSI and comes into effect on 30 November 1982 BSI 05-1999 First published December 1972 First revision November 1982 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Comm

3、ittee reference WEE/36 Draft for comment 81/72456 DC ISBN 0 580 13037 1 Cooperating organizations The Welding Standards Committee, under whose direction this British Standard was prepared, consists of representatives from the following: Aluminium Federation* Associated Metal Workers Union Associated

4、 Offices Technical Committee* British Compressed Gases Association British Constructional Steelwork Association* British Railways Board* British Shipbuilders British Steel Industry Crown Agents for Oversea Governments and Administrations Health and Safety Executive Institution of Civil Engineers Ins

5、titution of Electrical Engineers Institution of Production Engineers Institution of Structural Engineers Lloyds Register of Shipping Ministry of Defence* Process Plant Association* Society of British Aerospace Companies Limited Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders Limited Water-tube Boilermake

6、rs Association* Welding Institute* Welding Manufacturers Association* The organizations marked with an asterisk in the above list, together with the following, were directly represented on the Technical Committee entrusted with the preparation of this British Standard: Association of Consulting Scie

7、ntists British Gas Corporation Electricity Supply Industry in England and Wales Engineering Equipment Users Association Heating and Ventilating Contractors Association National Coal Board Power Generation Association (BEAMA) Stainless Steel Fabricators Association of Great Britain United Kingdom Ato

8、mic Energy Authority Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date of issue Comments 4640 July 1984 Indicated by a sideline in the marginBS 4872-1:1982 BSI 05-1999 i Contents Page Cooperating organizations Inside front cover Foreword ii Section 1. General 1 Scope 1 2 Information to be given to t

9、he welder 1 3 Test welds 1 4 Assessment of test welds 1 5 Statement of results of welder testing 1 6 Reapproval of welder 2 Section 2. Test weld details 7 Test 1. Butt weld in sheet 3 8 Test 2. Fillet weld in sheet 4 9 Test 3. Butt weld in plate (without backing, welded from one side) 5 10 Test 4. B

10、utt weld in plate (welded from both sides) 6 11 Test 5. Butt weld in plate (with backing) 8 12 Test 6. Fillet weld in plate 10 13 Test 7. Butt weld in pipe (without backing) 11 14 Test 8. Butt weld in pipe (with backing) 13 15 Test 9. Branch connection (fillet weld) 15 Section 3. Assessment of test

11、welds 16 General 17 17 Visual examination of test welds 17 18 Selection of destructive tests 17 19 Method and assessment of destructive tests 18 Appendix A Record of approval test of welder 20 Appendix B Suggested method of preparing etched specimens Inside back cover Figure 1 Test piece for butt we

12、ld in sheet 3 Figure 2 Test piece for fillet weld in sheet 4 Figure 3 Test piece for butt weld in plate (without backing, welded fromoneside) 6 Figure 4 Test piece for butt weld in plate (welded from both sides) 8 Figure 5 Test piece for butt weld in plate (with backing) 9 Figure 6 Test piece for fi

13、llet weld in plate 11 Figure 7 Test piece for butt weld in pipe (without backing) 13 Figure 8 Test piece for butt weld in pipe (with backing) 14 Figure 9 Test piece for branch connection (fillet weld) 16 Table 1 Butt weld in sheet 3 Table 2 Fillet weld in sheet 4 Table 3 Butt weld in plate (without

14、backing, welded from one side) 5 Table 4 Butt weld in plate (welded from both sides) 7 Table 5 Butt weld in plate (with backing) 9 Table 6 Fillet weld in plate 10 Table 7 Butt weld in pipe (without backing) 12 Table 8 Butt weld in pipe (with backing) 14 Table 9 Branch connection (fillet weld) 15BS 4

15、872-1:1982 ii BSI 05-1999 Foreword This revision of this Part of BS 4872 has been prepared under the direction of the Welding Standards Committee. It incorporates technical and editorial changes developed from experience gained in the use of the standard since it was first published in 1972. This Pa

16、rt of BS 4872 supersedes BS 4872-1:1972 which is withdrawn. This revision does not invalidate welder approvals previously accepted according to the requirements of the 1972 edition of the standard, provided the details of such approvals are still relevant to the production work on which the welders

17、are to be employed. The extent of approval given by a previous test in accordance with the 1972 edition may now be related to those ranges indicated in this revised edition. All new approval testing of welders should be made in accordance with the requirements of this revised edition. Welders alread

18、y approved in accordance with the requirements of BS 4871-1 should thereby be considered to be also approved in accordance with the requirements of BS 4872-1 for the same test conditions without undergoing further tests. This British Standard is one of a series of standards on the approval testing o

19、f welders and welding procedures, the latter having a bearing on the former for certain applications. This link has been used as a means of arranging the series of standards into: a) approval testing of welding procedures (see BS 4870 “Approval testing of welding procedures” Part 1: “Fusion welding

20、of steel”); b) welder approval when approval of the welding procedure is required (seeBS4871 “Approval testing of welders working to approved welding procedures” Part 1: “Fusion welding of steel”); c) welder approval when approval of the welding procedure is not required (foreither technical or cont

21、ract reasons). The simple approval of welders on sheet, plate and pipe 1)when no welding procedure approval is required is covered by this standard. For the purposes of this Part of this standard, welders are considered to be already capable of passing training tests such as those given in BS 1295 “

22、Tests for use in the training of welders. Manual metal-arc and oxy-acetylene welding of mild steel”. To complete the philosophy behind the series of standards, it is considered useful to give details of the practices relating to welding procedure approval even though they are not strictly relevant t

23、o this standard. Depending upon the emphasis placed on quality control in the production of welded components, the approval of welding procedures covered in this series of standards may be administered in one of several ways which should be stipulated at the enquiry and/or order stage. The alternati

24、ves currently employed are the following: 1) each individual contractor (or sub-contractor) may have proved, by actual test pieces, every weld form he wishes to use, in every thickness and material; or 2) each individual contractor (or sub-contractor) may have proved, by actual test pieces, a set of

25、 welds representative on a group basis of all the various thicknesses and materials to be used in production; or 3) each individual contractor (or sub-contractor) need not make procedure test pieces, providing he can prove by appropriate authentic documentation of an independent nature that he has p

26、reviously satisfactorily welded the type of joint and material in question. 1) In this standard the word “pipe”, alone or in combination, is used to mean “pipe” or “tube” or “structural hollow section” (circular or rectangular), although these terms are often used for different categories of product

27、 by different industries.BS 4872-1:1982 BSI 05-1999 iii In respect of 1) and 2) it should be appreciated that once the welding procedure tests have been approved, they need never be repeated unless there is a change in certain variables. As an extension beyond 3), it may be possible by agreement bet

28、ween the contracting parties for fully documented welding procedures, developed independently of the particular contractor, to be employed without the need for further approval tests. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standard

29、s are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i to iv, pages1to 20, an inside back cover and a back cover. This standa

30、rd has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover.iv blankBS 4872-1:1982 BSI 05-1999 1 Section 1. General 1 Scope This Part of this British Standard specifies requirements for the approval testin

31、g of welders to be engaged on the manual or semi-automatic fusion welding of those ferritic steel or austenitic stainless steel fabrications for which the welding procedure does not itself have to be approved. NOTEUsers of this standard should be aware that some steels may require special treatment

32、during welding if defects, such as cracks and porosity, are to be avoided. This may entail careful selection of welding consumables, their drying or conditioning prior to use, applying preheat and/or post-weld heat treatment and control of welding heat input. When such a steel is encountered conside

33、ration should be given to the provision of a detailed welding procedure with corresponding approval of the procedure and welders in accordance with the companion standards mentioned in the foreword. 2 Information to be given to the welder The welder shall be provided with written instructions and in

34、formation covering the following details: a) parent metal (ferritic steel or austenitic stainless steel); b) welding process and polarity; c) welding consumables (electrode or filler material specification, type of flux, shielding gas composition); d) welding position; e) metal thickness and, for pi

35、pe, the outside diameter or dimension; f) joint type, with sketch of weld preparation; g) weld dimensions required. Other factors shall be left to the choice of the welder but the relevant details shall be recorded. 3 Test welds 3.1 Selection of test welds. The selection of a test weld, or welds, fo

36、r the welder shall be made from the tests given in section 2, according to which is most representative of the type of work on which he will be employed. The welder shall make a further test weld or welds whenever the work on which he will be employed changes sufficiently in respect of the items lis

37、ted in clause2 as to make the test weld or welds, on which he is already approved no longer representative of the new work. In addition, the thickness and type of the parent metal, the welding process, and the consumables chosen shall be of the same type as is used on the work which the test weld or

38、 welds represent, and all test welds shall be made with normal production equipment where possible. A test butt weld in pipe shall also cover for a butt weld in plate for the same test conditions, but the converse shall not apply. 3.2 Test conditions. Tack welds shall be made from the side to be wel

39、ded and their location shall be marked on the test piece. The location of stop/starts shall be marked on the test piece. No method of restraint other than by tack welding shall be used. NOTEDistortion or mis-alignment caused by tacking may be corrected before the test weld is made. 3.3 Submission of

40、 test welds. If the welder realizes that for some reason the test weld he has made is likely to fail the subsequent examination and testing, he shall have the option to withhold the test piece and make a second test weld. If the welder does choose to make a second test weld, it is the second test pi

41、ece that shall be examined and tested, the first test piece being scrapped. Weld tests shall be submitted in the as-welded condition without any grinding or peening. 4 Assessment of test welds 4.1 Sequence of assessment. The sequence of assessment of completed test welds shall be: a) visual examinat

42、ion and assessment of the test piece in accordance with clause17; b) selection of the appropriate destructive tests for the particular test weld(s) in accordance withclause18; c) implementation and assessment of the appropriate destructive tests as given inclause19. 4.2 Repeat tests. If a test piece

43、 fails to meet the requirements of clause 17 or 19, two further test pieces of the type which failed shall be welded and assessed. The option given in3.3 shall not apply in this case. If either of these repeat test welds fail to satisfy the requirements of clause17 or19, the welder shall be regarded

44、 as incapable of meeting the requirements of this standard for the particular type of test weld without further training. 5 Statement of results of welder testing A statement of the results of assessing each test piece, including repeat tests, shall be made for each welder, preferably on a form of t

45、he type recommended in AppendixA. The items required under clause2 shall be included, together with details of any features that would fail to meet the acceptance criteria of clauses17 and19.BS 4872-1:1982 2 BSI 05-1999 NOTE 1The welders employer should hold and regularly maintain adequate records o

46、f all approval tests for each welder. NOTE 2If an independent inspecting authority or test house witnesses the welder approval tests carried out in accordance with this standard and all the relevant provisions are fulfilled, it is recommended that such approval should be accepted by others. 6 Reappr

47、oval of welder The reapproval of a welder shall be required if any of the following apply: a) the welder is to be employed on work outside the extent of his current approval (see3.1); b) the welder changes his employer without the transfer of his approval test certificate; c) six months or more have

48、 elapsed since the welder undertook any welding; d) there is some specific reason to question the welders ability. NOTEReapproval every two years is recommended.BS 4872-1:1982 BSI 05-1999 3 Section 2. Test weld details 7 Test 1. Butt weld in sheet 7.1 Extent of approval and test conditions. The exte

49、nt of approval for this test shall be as given inTable 1 provided that the test conditions listed have been met. 7.2 Deposition of test weld. The test weld shall be made in a single run and shall be stopped and restarted within the central 50mm of its length. In the case of manual metal-arc welding the restart shall be made with a fresh electrode. A sealing run on the reverse side shall not be deposited. Table 1 Butt weld in sheet Test conditions Extent of approval Parent metal, welding process and welding consumables As to be