BS 476-31 1-1983 Fire tests on building materials and structures - Methods for measuring smoke penetration through doorsets and shutter assemblies - Method of measurement under amb.pdf

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1、BRITISH STANDARDBS 476-31.1:1983Incorporating Amendment No. 1Fire tests on building materials and structures Part 31: Methods for measuring smoke penetration through doorsets and shutter assemblies Section 31.1 Method of measurement under ambient temperature conditionsUDC 614.841.332:620.1:69.01:699

2、.8711983Incorporating Amendment No. 1 and Corrigendum No. 1ICS 13.220.50BS 476-31.1:1983This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Fire Standards Committee, was published under the authority of the Board of BSI and comes into effect on 31 October 1983 BSI 02-1999The follo

3、wing BSI references relate to the work on this standard:Committee reference FSM/1Draft for comment 80/11208 DCISBN 0 580 13392 3Committees responsible for this British StandardThe preparation of this British Standard was entrusted by the Fire Standards Committee (FSM/-) to Technical Committee FSM/1

4、upon which the following bodies were represented:Aluminium Federation Eurisol (UK) Association of Manufacturers Asbestos Cement Manufacturers of Mineral Fibre and InsulationAssociation Limited Felt Roofing Contractors Advisory BoardAssociation of British Roofing Felt Fibre Building Board Development

5、Manufacturers Organization Ltd.Association of Building Component Fire insurers Research and TestingManufacturers Limited Organization (FIRTO)Association of Structural Fire Protection Fire Offices CommitteeContractors and Manufacturers Fire Protection AssociationBritish Fire Services Association Flat

6、 Glass Manufacturers AssociationBritish Floor Covering Manufacturers Greater London CouncilAssociation Gypsum Products DevelopmentBritish Plastics Federation AssociationBritish Railways Board Health and Safety ExecutiveBritish Rigid Urethane Foam Home OfficeManufacturers Association Institution of F

7、ire EngineersBritish Rubber Manufacturers Association Mastic Asphalt Council and EmployersBritish Wood Preserving Association FederationBritish Woodworking Federation National Association of Plumbing, HeatingCement and Concrete Association and Mechanical Services ContractorsChemical industries Assoc

8、iation National Coal BoardChief and Assistant Chief Fire Officers National Council of Building Materials Association ProducersConcrete Society National GRP Cladding FederationConstructional Steel Research and Royal Institute of British ArchitectsDevelopment Organisation Rubber and Plastics Research

9、Association ofDepartment of Education and Science Great BritainDepartment of the Environment (Building The Wood Wool Slab ManufacturersResearch Establishment, Fire Research AssociationStation) Timber Research and Development Department of the Environment Association(Construction Industry Directorate

10、) United Kingdom Antimony Oxide Department of the Environment (PSA) Manufacturers AssociationDepartment of Trade (Marine Division) United Kingdom Atomic Energy AuthorityElectricity Supply Industry in England and Warrington Research CentreWalesEngineering Equipment and MaterialsUsers AssociationThe f

11、ollowing bodies were also represented in the drafting of the standard, through subcommittees and panels:Association of Builders Hardware Hevac AssociationManufacturers Intumescent Fire Seals AssociationBritish Steel Industry National Association of Lift MakersDoor and Shutter Association Suspended C

12、eilings AssociationElectric Cable Makers Confederation Yarsley Technical Centre Ltd.Guild of Architectural IronmongersAmendments issued since publicationAmd. No. Date of issue CommentsAMD 8366 November 1994Indicated by a sideline in the marginBS 476-31.1:1983ISBN 978 0 580 85691 4Amendments/corrigen

13、da issued since publicationAmd. No. Date CommentsAMD 8366 November 1994 Indicated by a sideline in the marginC1 March 2014 Information added to ForewordThis British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Fire Standards Committee, was published under the authority of the Board of B

14、SI and comes into effect on 31 October 1983 The British Standards Institution 2014 Published by BSI Standards Limited 2014The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference FSM/1 Draft for comment 80/11208 DCBS 476-31.1:1983 BSI 02-1999 iContentsPageCommittees resp

15、onsible Inside front coverForeword ii1 Scope 12 Definitions 13 Apparatus 14 Ancillary equipment 15 Specimen preparation and construction 26 Setting up procedure 27 Test procedure 28 Expression of results 39 Report 3Appendix A Summary test report 7Figure 1 An example of an air leakage apparatus desig

16、ned for different sized doorset and shutter assemblies in a reversible surround 4Figure 2 A diagrammatic representation of a reversible airflow system 5Figure 3 Positions of pressure measuring heads on the interior of the chamber 6Publications referred to Inside back coverBS 476-31.1:1983i The Briti

17、sh Standards Institution 2014BS 476-31.1:1983ii BSI 02-1999ForewordThis Section of this British Standard has been prepared under the direction of the Fire Standards Committee. The committee responsible for this standard has undertaken the revision of existing methods and the preparation of new metho

18、ds and these will be published as a new series which is described in BS 476-10.The method described in this Section is one which has been prepared in cooperation with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), to assess the performance of doorsets and shutter assemblies to the penetra

19、tion of smoke and gaseous products from fires under ambient temperature conditions. When smoke and gases from a fire start to spread in a building, a pressure difference can develop between the two sides of a closed doorset or shutter assembly. Leakage of smoke can occur through the clearances betwe

20、en the door leaf and the frame and other openings. This method simulates the conditions which doorsets and shutter assemblies may be subjected to in practice during either the very early stages of fire development or at positions remote from the seat of the fire. Further methods are under considerat

21、ion which describe procedures for evaluating the performance of doorsets and shutter assemblies at medium and high temperatures. It is intended that these will be published as Sections 31.2 and 31.3 respectively of this Part of this standard.The apparatus described in this Section is equivalent to t

22、hat described in ISO 5925/1. However, BSI is developing a common philosophy on where fire doors should be used and on their fire performance criteria. This Section reflects this philosophy and in particular the terminology used for fire doors differs slightly from that used in ISO 5925/1. Guidance i

23、nformation on how the results from this method are used in determining the performance of different types of fire doors is also under consideration.In preparing the methods described in this Part of this standard, every effort has been made to design out possible situations which might cause hazard

24、to the operator. However, situations can exist which are unforeseen and therefore attention is drawn to the Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974, and the need to ensure that the methods specified in this Part of this standard are carried out under suitable environmental conditions to provide adeq

25、uate protection of personnel against the risk of fire, inhalation of smoke and/or toxic products of combustion.A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application.Compliance with a British

26、 Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations.Summary of pagesThis document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, pages 1 to 8, an inside back cover and a back cover.This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorp

27、orated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover.BS 476-31.1:1983ii BSI 02-1999ForewordThis Section of this British Standard has been prepared under the direction of the Fire Standards Committee. The committee responsible for this standard has undertaken the revision o

28、f existing methods and the preparation of new methods and these will be published as a new series which is described in BS 476-10.The method described in this Section is one which has been prepared in cooperation with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), to assess the performanc

29、e of doorsets and shutter assemblies to the penetration of smoke and gaseous products from fires under ambient temperature conditions. When smoke and gases from a fire start to spread in a building, a pressure difference can develop between the two sides of a closed doorset or shutter assembly. Leak

30、age of smoke can occur through the clearances between the door leaf and the frame and other openings. This method simulates the conditions which doorsets and shutter assemblies may be subjected to in practice during either the very early stages of fire development or at positions remote from the sea

31、t of the fire. Further methods are under consideration which describe procedures for evaluating the performance of doorsets and shutter assemblies at medium and high temperatures. It is intended that these will be published as Sections 31.2 and 31.3 respectively of this Part of this standard.The app

32、aratus described in this Section is equivalent to that described in ISO 5925/1. However, BSI is developing a common philosophy on where fire doors should be used and on their fire performance criteria. This Section reflects this philosophy and in particular the terminology used for fire doors differ

33、s slightly from that used in ISO 5925/1. Guidance information on how the results from this method are used in determining the performance of different types of fire doors is also under consideration.In preparing the methods described in this Part of this standard, every effort has been made to desig

34、n out possible situations which might cause hazard to the operator. However, situations can exist which are unforeseen and therefore attention is drawn to the Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974, and the need to ensure that the methods specified in this Part of this standard are carried out unde

35、r suitable environmental conditions to provide adequate protection of personnel against the risk of fire, inhalation of smoke and/or toxic products of combustion.A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for

36、their correct application.Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations.Summary of pagesThis document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, pages 1 to 8, an inside back cover and a back cover.This standard has been updated (see

37、 copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover.BS 476-31.1:1983 The British Standards Institution 2014This part of BS 476 is published by BSI Standards Limited, under licence from The British Standards Institution.Th

38、is standard has been superseded by the current BS EN 1634-3, but it has been retained based on legitimate need for the standards within non-EU markets.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance

39、 with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.BS 476-31.1:1983 BSI 02-1999 11 ScopeThis Section of this British Standard describes a method for measuring smoke penetration, as represented by the measurement of air leakage rate, through doorsets and vertically oriented shutte

40、r assemblies under ambient temperature conditions.This method is used to evaluate the performance of a fire door used for smoke control purposes but gives no information on the fire resistance of a fire door for which the methods described in BS 476-22 are applicable.NOTE The titles of the publicati

41、ons referred to in this standard are listed on the inside back cover.2 DefinitionsFor the purposes of this Section of this British Standard, the definitions given in BS 4422 apply together with the following.2.1 doorset (shutter assembly)an assembly consisting of a fixed part (the frame), one or mor

42、e movable parts (the leaves), and their hardware, the function of which is to allow or prevent access2.2 fire door (shutter)a door (shutter) provided for the passage of persons, air or objects which together with its frame and furniture as installed in a building, is intended, when closed, to resist

43、 the passage of fire and/or gaseous products of combustion and is capable of meeting specified performance criteria2.3 ambient temperaturea temperature of 25 15 C, representative of that normally found in buildings3 Apparatus3.1 General. The apparatus shall consist essentially of an air leakage cham

44、ber with one vertical side open, and of sufficient size to allow the fitting of a doorset or shutter assembly including, if required, a surround (see Figure 1) and a means of providing a differential air pressure across the faces of the specimen.3.2 Air leakage chamber. The chamber shall be construc

45、ted so that, with the surround fitted and its opening sealed, the rate of air leakage from the apparatus does not exceed 7 m3/h or 0.25 m3/h per metre of any perimeter sealing, whichever is the greater, at a pressure of 50 Pa above atmospheric pressure. It shall be provided with a means of ensuring

46、that the airflow pattern in the chamber gives a uniform pressure over the face of the specimen (see clause 5).NOTE The uniform airflow pattern may be achieved by either the use of baffle plates or by deflection of the airflow.3.3 Surround3.3.1 The surround, if required, shall be capable of being fix

47、ed and sealed against the chamber opening and shall be so constructed as to allow the specimen to be installed in the apparatus in its test position and, if appropriate, to be tested from either direction.3.3.2 If the surround is also to be used to test the specimen for fire resistance it shall be t

48、reated as a supporting construction and be selected accordingly and shall meet the requirements of BS 476-22 for the appropriate duration.3.4 Airflow system3.4.1 The chamber shall be equipped with a fan system capable of applying and maintaining an adjustable pressure differential of up to 100 Pa be

49、tween the two faces of the specimen, together with connections to provide for the supply of air to and exhaustion of air from the chamber.NOTE The specimen is required to be tested in two directions, and this may be achieved by either the use of a reversible airflow system (see Figure 2) or by reversing the surround containing the specimen (see 3.3.1).3.4.2 The chamber shall be provided with a means of measuring rate of air leakage, when the specimen is in place, with an accuracy of 5 %.NOTE It may be necessary to use more than one instrument to achieve the speci