BS 4485-2-1988 Water cooling towers - Methods for performance testing《水冷却塔规范 第2部分 性能试验方法》.pdf
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1、BSI BS*4YB5 PART*Z BB = Lb24667 0007bOL B I BS 4485 : Part 2 : 1988 UDC 66.045.5.001.4 British Standards Institutiq. No part of this publication may be photocopied or otherwise reproduced without the prior permission in writing of BSI Brit ish Standard Water cooling towers Part 2. Methods for perfor
2、mance testing Tours,de refroidissement par leau Partie2. Mthodes dessai de fonctionnement Wasserkh Itrme Teil 2. Funktionsprfung British Standards Institution BSI BS*Ky485 PART*2 88 Lb2Kybb 0007602 T W BS 4485 : Part 2 : 1988 Foreword This Part of BS 4485, which has been prepared under the direction
3、 of the Civil Engineering and Building Structures Standards Committee, deals with the performance testing of industrial mechanical draught and natural draught water cooling towers. This Part of BS 4485 is a revision of BS 4485 : Part 2 : 1969 which is withdrawn, The principal difference between this
4、 Part of BS 4485 and the 1969 edition is the introduction of the option of using a computer to do the calculation of thermal performance capability rather than carrying it out manually. The performance of a cooling tower is dependent upon a number of factors, such as conditions of the atmosphere, co
5、nditions of the cooling water flow, conditions of equipment and conditions of the site, and the object of this Part of BS 4485 is to describe methods for the accurate determination of thermal performance. In addition, methods are described for the functional testing of equipment necessary for the sa
6、tisfactory operation of a cooling tower. This Part of BS 4485 also includes a description for the performance test procedure, the computation and evaluation of results, and the appendices provide worked examples for establishing the L/G ratio for natural draught cooling towers, and also the cooling
7、tower characteristic KaVIL. The other Parts of BS 4485 are as follows. Part 1 Glossary of terms Part 3 Code of practice for thermal and functional design Part 4 Code of practice for the structural design of Where necessary, definitions have been included in the revisions of BS 4485 : Parts 2, 3 and
8、4 so that when they have all been published BS 4485 : Part 1 can be withdrawn. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. cooling towers BSI BS*4485 PART*k2 8 W Lb24bb 0007b03 L W BS 4485 : Part 2 : 1988 Contents Foreword Committees responsible Page
9、 Inside front cover Back cover Methods 1 Scope 2 Definitions 3 Symbols and units 4 4.1 General 4.2 Conditions of site 4.3 Conditions of equipment 4.4 Conditions of atmosphere 4.5 Conditions of inlet water 4.6 Variation from design conditions 5 5.1 Measurement of wind velocity 5.2 Measurement of air
10、temperature 5.3 Measurement of water temperature 5.4 Measurement of water flow 5.5 Water analysis 5.6 Measurement of tower pumping head 5.7 Measurement of power input to the fan driver 5.8 Measurement of drift loss 5.9 Measurement of tower noise 6 Test checks and readings 6.1 Functional test 6.2 Per
11、formance test 7 Performance test procedure 7.1 Preparation for test 7.2 Preliminary tests 7.3 Test procedure 8 Computation of results 8.1 Reduction of test readings 8.2 Computation of inlet water temperature 8.3 Computation of recooled water temperature with make-up and purge flows shut off 8.4 Comp
12、utation of recooled water temperature with make-up and purge flows operating Conditions of validity of tests Instruments and methods of measurement 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 7 7 7 7 8 8 8 8 8 9 - 8.5 Computation of tower pumping head 8.6 computation of thermal lag 8.7 Computation o
13、f fan power 9 Evaluation of thermal performance Appendices A Matters to be agreed between purchaser and supplier B Guidance on precipitation rates and determination of droplet size for the evaluation of drift nuisance C Methods for evaluating test results D Computer program for calculating performan
14、ce capabi I ity E Determination of test value of LIG for natural draught towers F Example of determination of cooling tower capability from calculation of KaVIL value Tables 1 Symbols and units 2 Frequency of readings 3 Precipitation rates for droplet diameters 100 pm- 4 Guide to nuisance effects fo
15、r precipitation rates 5 Enthalpy of saturated air to 2000 pm of 0.05 mm/h to 0.0005 mm/h Figures 1 Determination of droplet diameter 2 Graph for determination of density difference at 3 Determination of relation between G, and 4 Determination of cooling tower capability design conditions G, for natu
16、ral draught cooling towers Page 9 9 9 9 10 11 13 17 27 32 3 8 12 13 15 12 29 31 33 1 BSI BSm111185 PART*Z 88 W Lb211669 0007604 3 W BS 4485 : Part 2 : 1988 Methods 1 Scope This Part of BS 4485 describes methods for the determina- tion of the performance of industrial mechanical draught and natural d
17、raught water cooling towers. This Part of BS 4485 can also be applied to other forms of coo I ing towers. NOTE 1. The matters to be agreed between purchaser and supplier are listed in appendix A. NOTE 2. The titles of the publications referred to in this standard are listed on page 33. 2 Definitions
18、 For the purposes of this Part of BS 4485 the following definitions apply. 2.1 air flow. Total quantity of air, including associated water vapour flowing through the tower. 2.2 ambient wet (dry) bulb temperature. Wet (dry) bulb temperature of air measured windward of the tower and free from the infl
19、uence of the tower. 2.3 approach. Difference between recooled water temperature and nominal inlet air wet bulb temperature. 2.4 inlet water flow. Quantity of hot water flowing into the tower. 2.5 cold water basin. Device underlying the tower to receive the cold water from the tower and direct its fl
20、ow to the suction line or sump. 2.6 cooling range. Difference between the hot water temperature and the recooled water temperature. NOTE. The term range is also applied to this definition, but is regarded as a non-preferred term. 2.7 drift loss. Water lost from the tower as liquid droplets entrained
21、 in the outlet air. 2.8 heat load. Rate of heat removal from the water within the tower. 2.9 hot wbter temperature. Temperature of inlet water. 2.10 inlet air wet (dry) bulb temperatures. Average wet (dry) bulb temperatures of the inlet air; including any recirculation effect. NOTE. This is an essen
22、tial concept for purposes of design, but is difficult to measure. 2.11 make up. Water added to the circulating water system to replace water loss from the system by evaporation, drift, purge atid leakage. 2.12 nomirial inlet air wet (dry) bulb temperatures. Arithmetical for crossflow see appendix C.
23、 tAll enthalpies relate to 1 kg of dry air. Units kJ/kg kg/m2 .s.(kg/kg)l kg/(m2 -SI - m3 Is m3 /s m3 /s OC OC OC OC OC OC “C m3 /m2 m3 W kg/m3 kJ/kg K kg/m3 - - - ES1 BS*lili85 PART*2 88 W Lb2libbS 0007bob 7 rn BS 4485 : Part 2 : 1988 4.4 Conditions of atmosphere The tests shall be carried out duri
24、ng stable weather conditions and within the following limitations. (a) Wind velocity readings averaged over the test period shall not exceed 5.0 m/s, with readings averaged over 1 min not exceeding 7.0 m/s, when measured at a height of 1.5 m to 2,O m above local ground level. (b) The inlet wet bulb
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