BS 3936-1-1992 Nursery stock - Specification for trees and shrubs《苗圃 第1部分 乔木和灌木规范》.pdf

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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS3936-1: 1992 Nursery stock Part 1: Specification for trees and shrubsBS3936-1:1992 This British Standard, having been prepared under the directionof the Agriculture and Food Standards Policy Committee,was published underthe authority of the Standards Board and comes intoeffect on

2、31January 1992 BSI 02-1999 First published October 1965 Second edition October 1980 Third edition January 1992 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference AFC/1 Draft for comment 89/55838 DC ISBN 0 580 20234 8 Committees responsible for this British Standard

3、 The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted by the Agriculture and Food Standards Policy Committee (AFC/-) to Technical Committee AFC/1, upon which the following bodies were represented: Arboricultural Association Association for Consumer Research (ACRE) Association of County Councils As

4、sociation of District Councils British Association of Landscape Industries Bulb Distributors Association Department of Transport Forestry Commission Horticultural Trades Association Institute of Chartered Foresters Institute of Leisure and Amenity Management Joint Hardy Nursery Stock Committee Lands

5、cape Institute Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food National Farmers Union Rose Growers Association Royal National Rose Society Scottish Office (Agriculture and Fisheries Department) Timber Growers United Kingdom University of Bristol Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date Comments

6、BS3936-1:1992 BSI 02-1999 i Contents Page Committees responsible Inside front cover Foreword ii 1 Scope 1 2 Definitions 1 3 Root system 1 4 Condition 1 5 Dimensions 2 6 Labelling and additional information 2 7 Forms of trees 2 8 Shrubs 4 9 Climbing plants 4 10 Conifers 4 Appendix A Examples of plant

7、s 6 Figure 1 Examples of forms of trees 5 Table 1 Dimensions of trees 3 Table 2 Examples of climbing plants 6 Table 3 Examples of conifers 7 Table 4 Examples of trees 8 Table 5 Examples of shrubs 16 Publication(s) referred to Inside back coverBS3936-1:1992 ii BSI 02-1999 Foreword This Part of BS3936

8、 has been prepared under the direction of the Agriculture and Food Standards Policy Committee. It is a revision of BS3936-1:1980 which is withdrawn. This revision covers the requirements of buyers and users of all trees and shrubs more fully so that the quality of plants may be improved. Grouping in

9、to conifers and other trees or shrubs is discontinued. It is intended that all interests from initial grower to final buyer are covered but it is not intended that all aspects necessary for contracts are included. It is emphasized that all the information in Appendix A is given solely to illustrate

10、good trade practice. It has been assumed in the drafting of this British Standard that the execution of its provisions is entrusted to appropriately qualified and experienced people. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards

11、 are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, pages1 to20, an inside back cover and a back cover. This standa

12、rd has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on theinside front cover.BS3936-1:1992 BSI 02-1999 1 1 Scope This Part of BS3936 specifies requirements for trees and shrubs, including conifers and woody climbing plants,

13、 that are suitable for transplanting and growth as ornamental or amenity plants (either individually or massed) but not specifically for timber production (see BS3936-4). It includes requirements for compost in a container, if used, and for labelling. It does not apply to roses (see BS3936-2) or to

14、poplars and willows (see BS3936-5). Some shrubs are suitable for use as ground cover plants (seeBS3936-10). Selected examples of plants are given in Appendix A with appropriate information. NOTE 1These examples, which include poplars and willows, are supplied for information only. NOTE 2The titles o

15、f the publications referred to in this Part of BS3936 are listed on the inside back cover. 2 Definitions For the purposes of this Part of BS3936, the following definitions apply. 2.1 tree a woody perennial with a distinct stem or distinct stems 2.2 shrub a woody perennial, usually less tall than a t

16、ree, with several stems or side branches and of a bushy habit 2.3 climber a woody perennial requiring a support on which to climb using tendrils, aerial roots or twining shoots or leaf stalks 2.4 conifer a tree or shrub of the order Coniferales, Taxales or Ginkgoales 2.5 container-grown plants plant

17、s that have been grown in any type of container (e.g. pot, plastics bag, peat block) for sufficient time for root growth to have substantially filled the container, but that are not root bound NOTE 1The size of the container should be in proportion to the size of the plant. NOTE 2Examples of species

18、 which are usually container grown are given in Appendix A for information only. 2.6 containerized plants plants in containers that have not been in the container long enough to have made substantial new root growth 2.7 bare root plant a plant, the root system of which has been grown in the ground a

19、nd that on transplanting does not require soil to be attached NOTEMost deciduous trees and shrubs come into this category. 2.8 root-balled plant a plant, the root system of which has been grown in the ground and that on transplanting requires soil to be firmly attached and supported with a suitable

20、porous material such as hessian NOTEMost evergreen trees, shrubs and conifers come into this category. 2.9 root wrapped a term applied to a plant, the root system of which is enclosed to avoid drying out NOTEThis applies to bare root subjects only. 2.10 country of origin the country where the plant

21、has grown for the latter half of the most recent growing season 3 Root system 3.1 The root system shall be alive and healthy, balanced in relation to the whole plant and in a condition conducive to successful transplanting and establishment. Plants other than seedlings shall have been regularly tran

22、splanted, potted-on or undercut. 3.2 The root systems of all plants shall be of one or more of the following forms: bare root, root wrapped, root-balled, container-grown (pot-grown) or containerized. All bare root trees with stems of14cm girth and above shall be either root wrapped or root-balled. N

23、OTEExamples of species which are usually supplied root-balled or container-grown are given in Appendix A for information only. 4 Condition 4.1 When inspected visually, plants shall be alive, free from obvious pests and diseases and shall not be mechanically damaged or show signs of nutrient deficien

24、cy or toxicity.BS3936-1:1992 2 BSI 02-1999 4.2 Plants shall have been hardened off, that is, able to withstand normal weather conditions in the eventual planting positions without special protection beyond that accorded regularly to the species. 4.3 The root ball and the compost in a container shall

25、 be visibly free from perennial weeds. 4.4 Plants shall have been protected from mechanical damage and adverse conditions such as waterlogging, frost, heat, exposure to drying winds or unsuitable storage conditions. If packaged, the packaging shall protect the plants, especially from mechanical dama

26、ge and drying out. 5 Dimensions 5.1 All plants (and containers, if used) shall be supplied in the sizes specified in Table 1. NOTEThe sizes of containers are the diameter in centimetres up to 1 L capacity and the volume in litres of 1 L capacity and above. 5.2 Spreading or prostrate plants shall be

27、measured by the mean diameter of spread. 6 Labelling and additional information 6.1 General Each plant or group of plants of a single species or cultivar shall be legibly labelled or otherwise identified. 6.2 Information required 6.2.1 The following information shall be stated on the label. a) The n

28、ame(s) of the plants. NOTEThe name of a plant should be the botanical name, i.e. genus and species with variety or cultivar if appropriate. The common name may be given if there is no uncertainty. b) The name of the supplier, unless the plants are sold expressly for resale. 6.2.2 The following infor

29、mation shall also be provided. a) The size of the plants and/or the size of container (except for retail sale) (see Table 1 and Appendix A). b) The age, in years, and root system of seedlings/cuttings and transplants indicated as in note 2 to7.7. c) If the plants are containerized. d) The number of

30、this British Standard, i.e.BS3936-1:1992 1) . e) A statement as to whether or not the country of origin is the UK. 6.2.3 The supplier shall give the following information on request. NOTEThis information may be included on the label or other means of identification a) The country of origin. b) The m

31、ethod of propagation, e.g. from cuttings, from seeds, by micropropagation, by grafting/budding. c) The name or designation of the rootstock of budded or grafted plants. d) The type of container, e.g. polybag, rigid plastic, round or square shaped. 7 Forms of trees NOTESee Figure 1 for outline diagra

32、ms of examples and Table 1 for dimensions. 7.1 Standards 7.1.1 Standards shall have clear, substantially straight stems. Grafted and budded trees shall have no more than a slight bend at the union. 7.1.2 The head shall be developed for its type and evenly balanced, with no main branch crossing the c

33、rown. Standards shall have a central leader or a branch head according to species or cultivar. 7.1.3 Standards shall be designated as half, extralight, light, standard, selected, heavy or extraheavy. The associated dimensions shall be as stated in Table 1. 7.2 Feathered trees 7.2.1 A feathered tree

34、shall have a defined, upright central leader and a stem furnished with evenly spread and balanced lateral shoots down to near ground level, according to its species. 7.2.2 Feathered trees shall be designated according to the dimensions in Table 1. NOTEThe description feathered standard is considered

35、 to be a contradiction in terms and its use is deprecated. 7.3 Whips 7.3.1 A whip shall be without significant feather growth, as determined by visual inspection. 7.3.2 Whips shall be supplied in the dimensions given in Table 1. 1) Marking BS3936-1:1992 on or in relation to a product represents a ma

36、nufacturers declaration of conformity, i.e. a claim by or on behalf of the manufacturer that the product meets the requirements of the standard. The accuracy of the claim is therefore solely the responsibility of the person making the claim. Such a declaration is not to be confused with third party

37、certification of conformity, which may also be desirable.BS3936-1:1992 BSI 02-1999 3 Table 1 Dimensions of trees 7.4 Multistem trees A multistem tree shall have two or more main stems originating at or near (above or below) ground level from one root system. If two or more root systems are grown tog

38、ether to form a multistem tree, this shall be indicated. 7.5 Seedlings The age of seedlings (plants grown from seed and not transplanted) shall be specified when offered for sale and shall be expressed in accordance with note2 to 7.7. Form Girth (stemcircumferen ce) 1m from ground Overall height fro

39、m the ground (otherthan top worked weeping standards) Clear stem height from ground to lowest branch Container size (ifused) cm cm cm L Seedlings, cuttings and transplants 10 to 15 15 to 20 20 to 25 25 to 30 30 to 40 40 to 50 50 to 60 60 to 80 80 to 100 100 to 125 or any combinations of above accord

40、ing to species and age Whips 100 to 125 125 to 150 150 to 175 175 to 200 over 200 Feathered trees 6 to 8 8 to 10 10 to 12 125 to 150 150 to 175 175 to 200 200 to 250 250 to 300 250 to 300 over 300 10 10 15 15 15 Standard trees: Half Extra light Light Standard Selected Heavy Extra heavy 4 to 6 4 to 6

41、 6 to 8 8 to 10 10 to 12 12 to 14 14 to 16 175 to 250 200 to 250 250 to 300 250 to 300 300 to 350 350 min. 350 min. 125 to 150 150 to 175 150 to 175 175 to 200 175 to 200 175 to 200 175 to 200 10 15 15 15 25 35 35 NOTE 1The criteria normally used for tendering and ordering are: for seedlings and tra

42、nsplants: age, treatment (see notes to 7.7) and overall height for whips: overall height for feathered trees: overall height for standard trees: girth (stem circumference) NOTE 2The information given in this table differs from that given in BS3936-4 and BS3936-5.BS3936-1:1992 4 BSI 02-1999 7.6 Cutti

43、ngs The age of cuttings (plants grown from shoots, stems or roots of a mother plant) shall be specified when offered for sale and shall be expressed in accordance with note 2 to 7.7. 7.7 Transplants and undercut seedlings/cuttings The height of transplants (seedlings or cuttings that have been trans

44、planted at least once) shall be stated (in cm). The number of growing seasons before and after transplanting or undercutting shall be expressed as shown in note 2. If the seedling/cutting has been undercut, it shall be described as an undercut seedling/cutting. (See also clause 6.) NOTE 1Undercuttin

45、g is the severing of main roots of seedings/cuttings in their seed or cutting bed at a suitable depth below the soil surface, thereby encouraging a fibrous root system without transplanting. Undercutting should be timed to allow root growth to take place prior to supply. NOTE 2Periods (in years) for

46、 different styles are given by + for transplanting and u for undercutting. 8 Shrubs NOTESee 2.2 for the definition of a shrub. 8.1 A shrub shall be cut back or trimmed and grown to encourage bushiness according to type. 8.2 Shrubs shall be sold according to their total height from the ground, their

47、spread or the size of containers, as applicable. NOTE 1For shrubs sold as seedlings, the information given in Table 1 applies. NOTE 2Other relevant information is given in Appendix A, for example, the usual number of breaks (stems or branches) in the lower third. 9 Climbing plants NOTESee 2.3 for th

48、e definition of a climber. 9.1 Unless grown as ground cover, climbing plants shall be supported and tied. 9.2 Climbing plants shall be sold according to their total heights from the ground or the container sizes. NOTEOther relevant information is given in Appendix A, for example, the usual number of

49、 breaks (stems or branches) in the lower third. 10 Conifers NOTESee 2.4 for the definition of a conifer. 10.1 Conifers shall be well furnished with growth according to species. 10.2 Conifers shall be sold according to their height or spread, as applicable. NOTE 1For conifers sold as seedlings, the information given in Table 1 applies. NOTE 2Other relevant information is given in Appendix A, for example, the usual number of breaks (stem or branches) in the lower third. Examples 1+0 = 1 year old se