BS 185-8-1970 Glossary of aeronautical and astronautical terms - Power plant《航空和航天术语词汇 第8节 动力装置》.pdf

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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS 185-8: 1970 Glossary of Aeronautical and astronautical terms Section 8: Power plant UDC 001.4:629.7.064:621.4BS185-8:1970 This British Standard, having been approved by the AerospaceIndustry StandardsCommittee, was published under the authorityofthe Executive Boardof the Institut

2、ion on 21July1970 BSI 12-1999 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference ACE/1 Draft for comment 67/28248 ISBN 580 06441 7 A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible

3、for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pagesiandii, pages1to 17 and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) a

4、nd may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date CommentsBS185-8:1970 BSI 12-1999 i Contents Page Section 8. Power plant 1 Subsection 81. Main classes of engine 1 Subsection 82. General

5、 1 Subsection 83. Piston engines 6 Subsection 84. Gas turbines and jet propulsion 11ii blankBS185-8:1970 BSI 12-1999 1 (Notes on the arrangement and scope of the glossary are contained in the Foreword to Section 1.) Section 8. Power plant Subsection 81. Main classes of engine No. Term Definition 810

6、1 composite engine A combination of two engines of basically different thermodynamic cycles, such as a piston-turbine engine combination. Not to be confused with the general engineering term “compound engine”. 8102 gas-turbine engine An engine in which the working fluid is heated by internal combust

7、ion and expanded through a turbine. 8103 lift engine An engine used primarily to provide lifting force on a VTOL or STOL aircraft. 8104 piston engine RECIPROCATING ENGINE An engine in which the working fluid is expanded in a cylinder against a reciprocating piston. 8105 ramjet engine AEROTHERMODYNAM

8、IC DUCT (ATHODYD) An engine producing a jet by burning fuel in air which has been compressed, by forward speed alone, in an appropriately shaped duct and expanded in a nozzle. 8106 rocket ramjet A ramjet engine having a rocket attached to it, usually mounted concentrically within the ramjet duct, th

9、e rocket being used to bring the vehicle up to the necessary operating speed for the ramjet. 8107 rocket motor A device for producing thrust by the ejection of matter, usually in gaseous form, the thrust being generated from propellant carried in the system. 8108 vectored thrust engine An engine in

10、which the direction of thrust can be continuously varied. Subsection 82. General A. Miscellaneous terms NOTENumbering of engines. The method of numbering engines is specified in British Standard M. , “Methods of numbering propulsion units and describing their direction of rotation” (in course of pre

11、paration). 8201 accessory gearbox An engine-driven gearbox for driving accessories. 8202 aero-engine AIRCRAFT ENGINE An engine used to provide the main propulsive or lifting power for an aircraft. 8203 auxiliary power unit (APU) An independent engine and ancillary equipment to provide power for auxi

12、liary services. 8204 bootstrap Applied to a self-sustaining process which needs to be started in operation by outside power or propellant. 8205 consumption The total quantity of fuel or oil consumed per hour. 8206 specific consumption 1. Of engines driving propellers. The quantity of fuel or oil con

13、sumed per horsepower per hour. 2. Of jet reaction engines. The weight of propellant or fuel consumed per pound of thrust per hour. 8207 contingency rating A special rating for power or thrust usable in emergency for particular classes of aircraft or conditions of flight.BS185-8:1970 2 BSI 12-1999 No

14、. Term Definition cooling 8208 film cooling Evaporative cooling of the inner wall of a combustion chamber or other surface by a coolant injected adjacent to the surface. 8209 regenerative cooling The process of cooling by the circulation of fuel or oxidant, enabling some heat, otherwise wasted, to b

15、e recovered. 8210 sweat cooling TRANSPIRATION COOLING Evaporative cooling in which the cooling liquid passes through a porous wall and is thereby distributed evenly over the surface to be cooled. 8211 cowl flap A shutter in an aircraft engine cowling, used to regulate the flow of cooling air around

16、the engine. 8212 cowling A cover surrounding the whole or part of a power unit when installed in an aircraft. 8213 non-pressure cowling SEALED COWLING A cowling designed to prevent entry of surrounding air into the engine nacelle. 8214 pressure cowling UNSEALED COWLING A cowling in which the pressur

17、e of the air is increased, either by ram effect or by a fan. 8215 engine rating A statement of the specified minimum output (horsepower or thrust) under prescribed conditions and for a prescribed period. 8216 intermediate rating The highest of an engine which may be used for 30 minutes in each fligh

18、t. 8217 maximum continuous rating The static jet thrust (total equivalent brake horsepower) developed in the maximum engine operating conditions approved for use during periods of unrestricted duration. 8218 maximum rating The highest rating of an engine which may be used for a limited period in eac

19、h flight. 8219 flame front The boundary of a burning zone in a combustible mixture. 8220 flame holder FLAME STABILIZER A device inserted in a moving fuel-air mixture, designed to stabilize a flame. 8221 height power factor The ratio of the power or thrust developed at a specified altitude to that wh

20、ich would be developed at standard sea level. It applies to maximum power or thrust conditions at full throttle. 8222 paired engines Two completely independent engines mounted close together (Cf.8224.) 8223 power unit An engine or assembly of two or more engines, as fitted into an aircraft, complete

21、 with all components and accessories. 8224 coupled-engine power unit A power unit containing engines coupled together to drive a common shaft. 8225 double-engine power unit A power unit containing two engines driving co-axial propellers. 8226 right-hand (or clockwise) accessory An accessory rotating

22、 clockwise to an observer facing the driven end, to mate with an anti-clockwise drive. 8227 right-hand (or clockwise) drive A drive rotating clockwise to an observer facing the driving end.BS185-8:1970 BSI 12-1999 3 No. Term Definition weights 8228 dry weight The weight of an engine without liquid,

23、but including all accessories essential to its running and any drives incorporated in it for non-essential accessories. 8229 weight per horse power The dry weight of an engine divided by its maximum permissible horse power. 8230 weight per pound thrust The dry weight of an engine divided by the maxi

24、mum permissible thrust under standard sea level conditions. B. Lubrication system lubricating oil coolers 8231 air-intake oil cooler A cooler incorporated in an air intake. 8232 ducted oil cooler A cooler installed in a duct. 8233 mixed-matrix oil cooler A cooler compounded with a radiator so that a

25、lternate tubes are used for coolant and oil. (See also 8384.) 8234 multi-element oil cooler A cooler composed of a number of cooling units. 8235 series oil cooler A ducted cooler mounted behind a radiator. 8236 surface oil cooler A cooler in which some part of the surface of the aircraft is adapted

26、for cooling. 8237 tank oil cooler A cooler and oil tank combined. 8238 oil control valve An automatic valve to regulate the performance of an oil cooler, e.g. by-pass, viscosity, thermostatic or anti-surge valve. 8239 oil dilution system A system by which the oil can be diluted to assist cold starti

27、ng. pipes 8240 feed pipes Pipes leading oil from the oil tank to the engine or accessory. 8241 scavenge pipes Return pipes leading oil from the engine or accessory to the oil tank. 8242 tank vent pipe A pipe leading from the air-space in an oil tank to the atmosphere or engine casing. pumps 8243 pre

28、ssure pump A pump which supplies oil under pressure to the engine or accessory. 8244 scavenge pump A pump which withdraws used oil from the engine or accessory and returns it to the oil tank. C. Fuel system 8245 avcat a An aviation turbine fuel of the kerosene type with a high flashpoint. 8246 avgas

29、 An aviation gasoline. 8247 avtag An aviation turbine wide cut gasoline. 8248 avtur a An aviation turbine fuel of the kerosene type. a The addition of a figure after the term avcat or avtur gives an indication of the maximum freezing point, e.g. avcat/40 is an avcat which has a freezing point not hi

30、gher than 40 C.BS185-8:1970 4 BSI 12-1999 No. Term Definition 8249 booster pump A fuel pump used to maintain positive pressure in a feed pipe. 8250 float mechanism A float-operated mechanism for control of a valve located in a fuel system. 8251 fluid level indicator A device which gives a remote ind

31、ication of the level of the fuel in a tank of an aircraft. 8252 fuel-jettison gear Gear for the rapid discharge of fuel in emergency. fuel tanks 8253 auxiliary tank A removable tank in which an additional supply of fuel can be carried. 8254 drop tank An external tank designed to be dropped in flight

32、 when empty. (Cf.8257.) 8255 gravity tank A tank from which the engine is supplied by gravity alone. 8256 integral tank Part of the structure of the aircraft adapted to form a tank. 8257 jettisonable tank A tank which can be jettisoned in emergency. (Cf. 8254.) 8258 semi-integral tank A detachable t

33、ank which forms part of the aircraft structure when in place. 8259 inverted flight switch A mechanically operated switch which breaks the circuit to a fuel-no-air valve or similar component to interrupt fuel flow from tank to engine during inverted flight. 8260 recuperator A vessel in which fuel is

34、stored so as to meet negative acceleration conditions, the fuel being fed into the engine by application of air pressure. 8261 sloshing Movement to-and-fro of liquid in its tank, which may adversely affect stability and control in a vehicle. valves 8262 double shut-off valve A valve incorporating tw

35、o separate and independently controlled shut-off devices so that if one fails to operate the other shuts off the flow. 8263 fuel-no-air valve A device which ensures that, when an engine receives fuel from a pressurized tank, fuel only is admitted to the fuel inlet of the engine, regardless of the at

36、titude of the aircraft, air or other gases used for pressurizing being excluded. 8264 jettison valve A valve which permits the discharge of fuel overboard in emergency. 8265 pressure maintaining valve A valve which maintains a particular pressure in part of the system for some special purpose. 8266

37、transfer valve A valve which enables fuel to be transferred from one tank to another, particularly during flight. Usually so arranged that, when the fuel in a tank falls below a predetermined level, the valve opens and admits fuel from another tank. 8267 undirectional restrictor valve A valve which

38、permits free flow in one direction but restricts flow in the reverse direction.BS185-8:1970 BSI 12-1999 5 No. Term Definition D. Air intakes and guards air intakes 8268 centre-body intake An air intake whose air duct is formed between an outer skin and an inner member known as the centre body, which

39、 may be axially movable. 8269 external compression intake An air intake for supersonic operation in which the greater part of the compression occurs in one or more shocks at and upstream of the intake lip. 8270 internal compression intake An air intake for supersonic operation in which the greater p

40、art of the compression occurs in one or more shocks within the intake. 8271 multi-shock intake An air intake for supersonic operation in which compression occurs in a number of shocks. 8272 non-ramming intake An air intake in which the effect of forward speed on intake air pressure is neutralized. 8

41、273 ramming intake An air intake directed forward to increase the intake air pressure. 8274 single shock intake An air intake for supersonic operation in which compression occurs in only one shock. 8275 variable geometry intake An air intake whose area or shape can be varied in flight. 8276 wedge in

42、take A variable geometry intake, usually of rectangular form, whose area and shape are defined by the position of one or more variable ramps. 8277 air-intake casing A casing through which the air is admitted to the engine. filters 8278 air filter AIR CLEANER An assembly of filter elements in the air

43、 intake. 8279 filter element A replaceable component for removing entrained particles from a fluid stream. 8280 dry-type filter element A filter element in an air filter, in which the filtration is effected by a dry matrix. 8281 wet-type filter element A filter element in an air filter, in which the

44、 filtration is effected by a liquid film. 8282 momentum separation The removal of entrained particles from the air stream by utilizing their momentum. guards 8283 ice guard A screen fitted to an intake to provide a surface for the adhesion of ice and so prevent its serious accretion in the air intak

45、e system. 8284 gapless-type ice guard An ice guard fitted in the intake mouth, used in conjunction with an automatic alternative air inlet. 8285 gapped-type ice guard An ice guard mounted forward of the air intake entry to provide a gap which does not ice up. 8286 intake air heater A device for rais

46、ing the temperature of the intake air entering the engine.BS185-8:1970 6 BSI 12-1999 No. Term Definition 8287 plenum chamber A chamber, usually fed from a ramming intake, supplying air to the engine or for other purposes. E. Engine starters 8288 cartridge starter A device in which the gases generate

47、d in a cartridge are used to rotate an engine for starting. The cartridge may contain an explosive charge, compressed gas or volatile liquid. 8289 combustion starter A device in which the hot gases from the combustion of fuel are used to rotate an engine for starting, either directly or by coupling

48、on to a shaft. 8290 compressed-air starter PNEUMATIC STARTER A device for starting an engine by utilizing the expansive energy of compressed air, in the cylinders or otherwise. 8291 electric starter An electric motor used to rotate an engine for starting. 8292 ground starter Any device, not carried

49、in an aircraft, for starting an aero-engine. 8293 hand starter A device, embodied in an aero-engine or attached thereto, for rotating the engine by hand, otherwise than by the propeller, for starting. 8294 inertia starter A device by which energy is stored in a small high-speed flywheel and, for starting, transmitted to an engine through a slipping clutch, the flywheel being energized either by hand or otherwise. 8295 internal-combustion starter An internal-combustion engine used to rotate an engine for starting. 8296 turbo-starter GAS-TURBINE STARTER (GTS) A starter inco