BS 1377-1-2016 Methods of test for soils for civil engineering purposes Part 1 General requirements and sample preparation《土木工程用土壤试验方法 第1部分 一般要求和样品制备》.pdf

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1、BS 1377-1:2016Incorporating Corrigendum No.1Methods of test for soils forcivil engineering purposes Part 1: General requirementsand sample preparationBSI Standards PublicationWB11885_BSI_StandardCovs_2013_AW.indd 1 15/05/2013 15:06Publishing and copyright informationThe BSI copyright notice displaye

2、d in this document indicates when the documentwas last issued. The British Standards Institution 2016Published by BSI Standards Limited 2016ISBN 978 0 580 96086 4ICS 93.020The following BSI references relate to the work on this document:Committee reference B/526/3Draft for comment 16/30338087 DCPubl

3、ication historyFirst published, July 1948Second edition, July 1961Third edition, December 1967Fourth edition (metric version), 1975Fifth edition, February 1990Sixth (current) edition, July 2016Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedOctober 2016 Table 5BS 1377-1:2016 BRITISH STANDARDCon

4、tents0 Introduction 11 Scope 32 Normative references 33 Terminology, definitions, symbols and units 44 Classification of soils 135 Test equipment 146 Materials 267 Environmental requirements 278 Preparation of disturbed samples for testing 279 Preparation of undisturbed samples for testing 3810 Repo

5、rts 44Bibliography 46List of tablesTable 1 Categories of balances 15Table 2 Instruments used as reference equipment for calibration 19Table 3 Reference weights 20Table 4 Size of particle and mass of sample required for assessment sieving 29Table 5 Mass of sample required for each test on disturbed s

6、amples 30Table 6 Compaction of large specimens for triaxial tests 38Summary of pagesThis document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i to ii,pages 1 to 48, an inside back cover and a back cover.BRITISH STANDARD BS 1377-1:2016 The British Standards Institution 2016 iForewordPublish

7、ing informationThis British Standard is published by BSI Standards Limited, under licence fromThe British Standards Institution, and came into effect on 31 July 2016. It wasprepared by Subcommittee B/526/3, Site investigation and ground testing, underthe authority of Technical Committee B/526, Geote

8、chnics. A list of organizationsrepresented on these committees can be obtained on request to their secretary.SupersessionThis British Standard supersedes BS 1377-1:1990, which is withdrawn.Information about this documentThis new edition of BS 1377-1 incorporates technical changes only. It does notre

9、present a full review or revision of the standard, which will be undertaken indue course.Text introduced or altered by Corrigendum No.1 is indicated in the text bytags. Minor editorial corrections are not tagged.Presentational conventionsThe provisions of this standard are presented in roman (i.e. u

10、pright) type. Itsrequirements are expressed in sentences in which the principal auxiliary verb is“shall”.Commentary, explanation and general informative material is presented insmaller italic type, and does not constitute a normative element.Requirements in this standard are drafted in accordance wi

11、th Rules for thestructure and drafting of UK standards, subclause J.1.1, which states,“Requirements should be expressed using wording such as: When tested asdescribed in Annex A, the product shall .”. This means that only those productsthat are capable of passing the specified test will be deemed to

12、 conform to thisstandard.Contractual and legal considerationsThis publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of acontract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legalobligations.BRITISH STANDARDBS 13

13、77-1:2016ii The British Standards Institution 20160 IntroductionThis British Standard consists of nine Parts. Part 1 contains general informationrelevant to all the other Parts. Parts 2 to 8 describe methods of test on soils forcivil engineering purposes for which samples need to be taken for testin

14、g in alaboratory. The laboratory test procedures are grouped under the followingheadings. Part 2: Classification tests; Part 3: Chemical and electro-chemical tests; Part 4: Compaction-related tests; Part 5: Compressibility, permeability and durability tests; Part 6: Consolidation and permeability te

15、sts in hydraulic cells and with porepressure measurement; Part 7: Shear strength tests (total stress); Part 8: Shear strength tests (effective stress).Part 9 specifies methods of test which are carried out directly on the soil in-situ.Part 1: General requirements and sample preparation. Part 1 of th

16、is BritishStandard contains general information relating to the tests, common calibrationand specification requirements and general requirements for testing laboratoriesand field work. It also includes details of procedures for the preparation ofdisturbed and undisturbed samples, where these are com

17、mon to more than onetype of test. The main changes introduced by this new edition are as follows.a) Extend the maximum period between recalibration of balances from sixmonths to one year.b) Amend the requirements for calibration certificates of reference equipmentto be in accordance with BS EN ISO 1

18、7025.c) Include references to the BS EN ISO 17892 series of standards, where thesehave been published and the equivalent tests in BS 1377-2 have beensuperseded.d) Amend “moisture content” to “water content” in accordance withBS EN ISO 17892-1.e) Remove references to withdrawn British Standards, and

19、replace withreferences to the current BS, EN or ISO replacements.Part 2: Classification tests. Part 2 describes tests for the classification of soilsaccording to Atterberg limits and particle size distribution. No changes inprinciple have been made in the test procedures. Note that the water content

20、,density and particle density tests have been superseded by tests in theBS EN ISO 17892 series.Part 3: Chemical and electro-chemical tests. Part 3 describes chemical tests onsoils and on water.Test procedures include for the determination of the following.a) Loss on ignition.b) Carbonate content.c)

21、Chloride content.d) Total dissolved solids.BRITISH STANDARD BS 1377-1:2016 The British Standards Institution 2016 1Tests also include for the assessment of the corrosivity of soils; these are thedetermination of the electrical resistivity and of the redox potential. In-situmethods of these two tests

22、 are given in Part 9.Part 4: Compaction-related tests. Part 4 describes those tests that refer in someway to the compaction of soils. These include procedures for determiningcompaction parameters; additional tests for measurement of the limitingdensities of non-cohesive soils; and tests which are re

23、lated to the control andbehaviour of soil placed in-situ as fill, comprising the CBR test, the moisturecondition test and the chalk crushing value test. Attention is given to severalmethods of sample preparation appropriate to different soil types prior tocompaction tests and the compaction of sampl

24、es for the CBR test.Part 5: Compressibility, permeability and durability tests. Part 5 describes testprocedures in which the presence or drainage or flow of water within the porespaces of the soil is the significant factor, but without requiring themeasurement of pore water pressure. These include t

25、he one-dimensionaloedometer consolidation test, and tests for determining the swelling andcollapsing characteristics. Further additional test procedures are as follows.a) Determination of soil permeability (constant-head method).b) Determination of erodibility and dispersive characteristics of fine-

26、grainedsoils.c) Determination of potential frost heave for which reference is made toBS 812-124.Part 6: Consolidation and permeability tests in hydraulic cells and with porepressure measurement. Part 6 describes tests for the determination ofconsolidation and permeability parameters using equipment

27、in which themeasurement of pore water pressure is an essential feature. These comprise thefollowing.a) Determination of consolidation properties in a hydraulic consolidation cell.For samples of large diameter, either vertical or horizontal (radial) drainagecan be used.b) Determination of consolidati

28、on properties in a triaxial cell under isotropicconditions.Part 7: Shear strength tests (total stress). Part 7 describes methods for thedetermination of the shear strength of soils in terms of total stress, or (in thecase of drained direct shear tests) in terms of effective stress when equal to tota

29、lstress. These comprise the following.a) The unconsolidated, undrained triaxial compression test, which includes amulti-stage method which is appropriate under certain conditions.b) A test for determining unconfined compressive strength using standardlaboratory apparatus.c) The laboratory vane test

30、for very soft soils.d) Direct shear tests using the shear box and the ring shear apparatus,including the determination of drained and drained-residual shear strengthparameters.Part 8: Shear strength tests (effective stress). Part 8 describes the determinationof effective stress shear strength parame

31、ters in the consolidated-drained andconsolidated-undrained triaxial compression tests.BRITISH STANDARDBS 1377-1:20162 The British Standards Institution 2016Part 9: In-situ tests. The methods described in this Part have been formed intogroups, according to either the purpose of the test or the mode o

32、f execution.These groups are as follows.a) In-situ density tests.b) In-situ penetration tests.c) In-situ vertical deformation and strength tests.d) In-situ corrosivity tests.1 ScopeThis part of BS 1377 specifies general requirements for the testing of soils forcivil engineering purposes and describe

33、s methods for the calibration ofequipment and the preparation of test samples.2 Normative referencesThe following referenced documents are indispensable for the application ofthis document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undatedreferences, the latest edition of the referen

34、ced document (including anyamendments) applies.BS 410-1, Test sieves Technical requirements and testing Part 1: Test sieves ofmetal wire clothBS 593, Specification for laboratory thermometersBS 1377-2:1990, Methods of test for soils for civil engineering purposes Part 2: Classification testsBS 1377-

35、3, Methods of test for soils for civil engineering purposes Part 3: Chemical and electro-chemical testsBS 1377-4:1990, Methods of test for soils for civil engineering purposes Part 4: Compaction-related testsBS 1377-5, Methods of test for soils for civil engineering purposes Part 5: Compressibility,

36、 permeability and durability testsBS 1377-6, Methods of test for soils for civil engineering purposes Part 6: Consolidation and permeability tests in hydraulic cells and with porepressure measurementBS 1377-7, Methods of test for soils for civil engineering purposes Part 7: Shear strength tests (tot

37、al stress)BS 1377-8, Methods of test for soils for civil engineering purposes Part 8: Shear strength tests (effective stress)BS 1377-9, Methods of test for soils for civil engineering purposes Part 9: In-situ testsBS 4311, Gauge blocks manufactured to imperial specificationBS 5930, Code of practice

38、for ground investigationsBS EN 837-1, Pressure gauges Part 1: Bourdon tube pressure gauges Dimensions, metrology, requirements and testingBS EN 61010-2-020, Safety requirements for electrical equipment formeasurement, control, and laboratory use Part 2-020: Particular requirementsfor laboratory cent

39、rifugesBS EN ISO 4787, Laboratory glassware Volumetric instruments Methods fortesting of capacity and for useBRITISH STANDARD BS 1377-1:2016 The British Standards Institution 2016 3BS EN ISO 7500-1, Metallic materials Calibration and verification of staticuniaxial testing machines Part 1: Tension/co

40、mpression testing machines Calibration and verification of the force-measuring systemBS EN ISO 10012, Measurement management systems Requirements formeasurement processes and measuring equipmentBS EN ISO/IEC 17025, General requirements for the competence of testing andcalibration laboratoriesBS EN I

41、SO 17892-1, Geotechnical investigation and testing Laboratory testingof soil Part 1: Determination of water contentBS ISO 3310 (all parts), Test sieves Technical requirements and testing3 Terminology, definitions, symbols and units3.1 TerminologyFor the purposes of this British Standard the followin

42、g terminology applies.3.1.1 soilan assemblage of discrete particles in the form of a deposit, usually of mineralcomposition but sometimes of organic origin, which can be separated by gentlemechanical means and which includes variable amounts of water and air (andsometimes other gases). A soil common

43、ly consists of a naturally occurringdeposit forming part of the earths crust, but the term is also applied to madeground consisting of replaced natural soil or man-made materials exhibitingsimilar behaviour, e.g. crushed rock, crushed blast-furnace slag, fly-ash3.1.2 cohesive soilsoil which because

44、of its fine-grained content will form a coherent mass atsuitable water contents3.1.3 cohesionless soilgranular soil consisting of particles which can be identified individually by thenaked eye or with the aid of a hand lens, e.g. gravel, sand3.2 DefinitionsFor the purposes of this British Standard t

45、he following definitions apply.3.2.1 samplea portion of soil taken as being representative of a particular deposit or stratum3.2.2 specimena portion of a sample on which a test is carried out3.2.3 samplingthe selection of a representative portion of a material3.2.4 quarteringthe reduction in quantit

46、y of a large sample of material by dividing a circularheap, by diameters at right angles, into four more or less equal parts, removingtwo diagonally opposite quarters, and thoroughly mixing the two remainingquarters together so as to obtain a truly representative half of the original mass.The proces

47、s is repeated until a sample of the required size is obtainedBRITISH STANDARDBS 1377-1:20164 The British Standards Institution 20163.2.5 rifflingthe reduction in quantity of a large sample of material by dividing the mass intotwo approximately equal portions by passing the sample through anappropria

48、tely sized sample divider. The process is repeated until a sample of therequired size is obtained3.2.6 dry soilsoil that has been dried to constant mass at a temperature of 105 C to 110 C,unless specified otherwise3.2.7 water content (w)the mass of water which can be removed from the soil, usually b

49、y heatingat 105 C, expressed as a percentage of the dry mass. The term “moisturecontent” is also widely used3.2.8 liquid limit (wL)the water content at which a soil passes from the liquid to the plastic state, asdetermined by the liquid limit test3.2.9 plastic limit (wP)the water content at which a soil becomes too dry to be in a plastic condition,as determined by the plastic limit test3.2.10 plasticity index (IP)the numerical difference between the liquid limit and the plastic limit of a soil:Ip= wL wp3.2.1