AWS F1 2-2013 Laboratory Method for Measuring Fume Generation Rates and Total Fume Emission of Welding and Allied Processes (6th Edition).pdf

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1、Laboratory Methodfor MeasuringFume GenerationRates and TotalFume Emission of Welding andAllied ProcessesAWS F1.2:2013An American National StandardAWS F1.2:2013An American National StandardApproved by theAmerican National Standards InstituteFebruary 25, 2013Laboratory Method forMeasuring Fume Generat

2、ionRates and Total Fume Emissionof Welding and Allied Processes6th EditionSupersedes AWS F1.2:2006Prepared by theAmerican Welding Society (AWS) Project Committee on Fumes and GasesUnder the Direction of theAWS Committee on Safety and HealthApproved by theAWS Board of DirectorsAbstractThis document o

3、utlines a laboratory method for the determination of fume generation rates and total fume emission. A test chamber is used to collect representative fume samples under carefully controlled conditions.International Standard Book Number: 978-0-87171-836-5American Welding Society8669 Doral Blvd., Suite

4、 130, Doral, FL 33166 2013 by American Welding SocietyAll rights reservedPrinted in the United States of AmericaPhotocopy Rights. No portion of this standard may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in anyform, including mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, witho

5、ut the prior written permission of the copyrightowner.Authorization to photocopy items for internal, personal, or educational classroom use only or the internal, personal, oreducational classroom use only of specific clients is granted by the American Welding Society provided that the appro-priate f

6、ee is paid to the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, tel: (978) 750-8400;Internet: .AWS F1.2:2013iiStatement on the Use of American Welding Society StandardsAll standards (codes, specifications, recommended practices, methods, classifications, and guides) of the Ameri

7、canWelding Society (AWS) are voluntary consensus standards that have been developed in accordance with the rules of theAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI). When AWS American National Standards are either incorporated in, ormade part of, documents that are included in federal or state laws a

8、nd regulations, or the regulations of other governmen-tal bodies, their provisions carry the full legal authority of the statute. In such cases, any changes in those AWS standardsmust be approved by the governmental body having statutory jurisdiction before they can become a part of those laws andre

9、gulations. In all cases, these standards carry the full legal authority of the contract or other document that invokes theAWS standards. Where this contractual relationship exists, changes in or deviations from requirements of an AWS stan-dard must be by agreement between the contracting parties.AWS

10、 American National Standards are developed through a consensus standards development process that bringstogether volunteers representing varied viewpoints and interests to achieve consensus. While AWS administers theprocess and establishes rules to promote fairness in the development of consensus, i

11、t does not independently test, evalu-ate, or verify the accuracy of any information or the soundness of any judgments contained in its standards.AWS disclaims liability for any injury to persons or to property, or other damages of any nature whatsoever, whether spe-cial, indirect, consequential, or

12、compensatory, directly or indirectly resulting from the publication, use of, or reliance onthis standard. AWS also makes no guarantee or warranty as to the accuracy or completeness of any information publishedherein.In issuing and making this standard available, AWS is neither undertaking to render

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15、lication of amend-ments or errata, or supplemented by publication of addenda. Information on the latest editions of AWS standards includ-ing amendments, errata, and addenda is posted on the AWS web page (www.aws.org). Users should ensure that they havethe latest edition, amendments, errata, and adde

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17、e of this standard.AWS does not monitor, police, or enforce compliance with this standard, nor does it have the power to do so.Official interpretations of any of the technical requirements of this standard may only be obtained by sending a request,in writing, to the appropriate technical committee.

18、Such requests should be addressed to the American Welding Society,Attention: Managing Director, Technical Services Division, 8669 Doral Blvd., Suite 130, Doral, FL 33166 (see AnnexB). With regard to technical inquiries made concerning AWS standards, oral opinions on AWS standards may be ren-dered. T

19、hese opinions are offered solely as a convenience to users of this standard, and they do not constitute professionaladvice. Such opinions represent only the personal opinions of the particular individuals giving them. These individualsdo not speak on behalf of AWS, nor do these oral opinions constit

20、ute official or unofficial opinions or interpretations ofAWS. In addition, oral opinions are informal and should not be used as a substitute for an official interpretation.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the AWS Committee on Safety and Health. It must be reviewed everyfive years,

21、 and if not revised, it must be either reaffirmed or withdrawn. Comments (recommendations, additions, or dele-tions) and any pertinent data that may be of use in improving this standard are required and should be addressed to AWSHeadquarters. Such comments will receive careful consideration by the A

22、WS Committee on Safety and Health and theauthor of the comments will be informed of the Committees response to the comments. Guests are invited to attend allmeetings of the AWS Committee on Safety and Health to express their comments verbally. Procedures for appeal of anadverse decision concerning a

23、ll such comments are provided in the Rules of Operation of the Technical ActivitiesCommittee. A copy of these Rules can be obtained from the American Welding Society, 8669 Doral Blvd., Suite 130,Doral, FL 33166.AWS F1.2:2013iiiAWS F1.2:2013ivThis page is intentionally blank.AWS F1.2:2013vPersonnelAW

24、S Safety and Health CommitteeD. E. Clark, Chair Idaho National Engineering LaboratoryD. Werba, Vice Chair Miller Electric Manufacturing CompanyS. P. Hedrick, Secretary American Welding SocietyS. E. Ferree ESAB Welding (2) Filter specifications;(3) Care needed to attain a constant weight during sampl

25、e handling and storage;(4) Calibration procedure for test equipment to assure satisfactory, comparable, and reproducible data; and(5) Sample calculations.This AWS method is supported by experience and data obtained from cooperative tests. The sampling methods pre-scribed for breathing zone and gener

26、al area sampling of fumes for particulate matter are not within the scope of this doc-ument. Operator exposure and background sampling methodology are described in detail in AWS F1.1, Guide forSampling Fumes and Gases Generated by Welding and Allied Processes.1.2 Purpose1.2.1 Welding and allied proc

27、esses produce fumes and gases. The amount or rate generated by a particular process andmaterial depends upon the conditions of use. The laboratory sampling procedure described herein is designed to evaluatethe effects of variations in materials, processes, and operating conditions on fume generation

28、 rate. Fume generation ratescan be useful in prescribing adequate ventilation, making process selections, influencing process variables, andcalculating air filtering requirements. In order to provide a safe working environment, it may be necessary to compare thefume generation rate and identify the

29、constituents present in the fumes of various processes.1.2.2 The samples obtained using the techniques described herein are representative of the fumes present and, ifcollected on appropriate filters, may be used for fume constituent analyses.1.2.3 This procedure is designed for a short testing time

30、, normally two minutes or less, which yields useful results thatare reproducible within an acceptable range. The method described in this procedure is suitable for use with the majorityof welding and allied processes and allows for variation of selected conditions.1.2.4 Fume generation rate data, if

31、 collected in accordance with this procedure, can be correlated to and compared withdata from different sources.1.3 Scope1.3.1 This method describes a laboratory device and procedure for obtaining representative fume samples anddetermining fume generation rates of welding and allied processes.1.3.2

32、A separate collection procedure for determining fume constituents is described.1.3.3 A standard set of fume generation test conditions is specified to calibrate the sampling equipment.1.3.4 Methods for obtaining breathing zone and general area welding fume samples are not within the scope of this st

33、andard.1.3.5 Sampling of gases is not within the scope of this standard.1.3.6 This standard will be revised as required in accordance with acknowledged technical advancements in the field.1.3.7 This standard makes sole use of U.S. Customary Units except for measures of mass, fume generation rate, an

34、dfilter pore size. Approximate mathematical equivalents in the International System of Units (SI) are provided forcomparison in parentheses or in appropriate columns in tables and figures.1.4 Safety. Safety and health issues and concerns are beyond the scope of this standard; some safety and healthi

35、nformation is provided, but such issues are not fully addressed herein.Safety and health information is available from the following sources:American Welding Society:(1) ANSI Z49.1, Safety in Welding, Cutting, and Allied Processes(2) AWS Safety and Health Fact Sheets(3) Other safety and health infor

36、mation on the AWS websiteMaterial or Equipment Manufacturers:(1) Material Safety Data Sheets supplied by materials manufacturers(2) Operating Manuals supplied by equipment manufacturersApplicable Regulatory Agencies:Work performed in accordance with this standard may involve the use of materials tha

37、t have been deemed hazardous, andmay involve operations or equipment that may cause injury or death. This standard does not purport to address all safety andhealth risks that may be encountered. The user of this standard should establish an appropriate safety program to addresssuch risks as well as

38、to meet applicable regulatory requirements. ANSI Z49.1 should be considered when developing thesafety program.2. Normative References(1) AWS F1.1, Guide for Sampling Fumes and Gases Generated by Welding and Allied Processes1(2) ANSI Z49.1, Safety in Welding, Cutting, and Allied Processes1(3) ASTM C8

39、00, Specification for Glass Fiber Blanket Insulation23. Summary of Methods3.1 A chamber using air drawn through a filter pad to collect process fumes is detailed.3.2 Total fume samples are collected on specified glass fiber filter pads. The net weight of fumes and process variablesare measured. Fume

40、 generation rates are calculated.3.3 Fume samples for constituent analysis are collected on specified cellulose fiber filters.AWS F1.2:201321Published by the American Welding Society, 8669 Doral Blvd., Suite 130, Doral, FL 33166; Phone 800-443-9353; Web site: www.aws.org.2Available from ASTM Interna

41、tional, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959; Phone 610-832-9585; Web site: www.astm.org.4. Sampling Equipment4.1 General Description of Suggested ChamberThe conical test chamber (Figure 1) is fabricated with holes to allow manual access into the chamber. A sighting w

42、indowwith an appropriate removable shaded lens is located in the center of the chamber to provide visibility for setting up andobserving tests. Leveling bolts are provided to maintain an air gap of about 1/2 in to 3/4 in (13 mm to 19 mm) betweenthe base of the chamber and the surface on which it res

43、ts. A filter assembly for collecting the fumes, consisting of the fil-ter and its supports, a pressure drop gauge, and a constant flow rate pump, is mounted at the top of the chamber. Thisarrangement makes the filter accessible for quick and easy changes.4.2 Equipment Specification for the Suggested

44、 Chamber shown in Figures 1 and 24.2.1 Filter pad, glass fiber with or without binder, diameter 12 in (305 mm). Any binder present should be temperaturestable to 350F (177C) (ASTM C800, Specification for Glass Fiber Blanket Insulation).4.2.1.1 Fiber diameter should be the following:nominal 0.00005 0

45、.00001 in (1.3 0.3 m4.2.1.2 The density should be the following:nominal 0.6 0.05 lb/ft3(9.6 0.8 kg/m3)4.2.1.3 Filter pads should have a uniform thickness of the following:nominal 0.5 0.125 in (13 3 mm)4.2.1.4 Filter pads shall be uniform in appearance and fiber distribution throughout their thicknes

46、s. Unstablebinders, burnt glass streamers, cuts, tears, holes, and voids are not acceptable.4.2.1.5 Alternative filter media may be used if it can be demonstrated to be equivalent in performance to the glassfiber pad.4.2.2 The filter shall be of cellulose fiber (sample collection for analysis); appr

47、oximately 4 m effective pore size;diameter 12 in (305 mm), or equivalent.4.2.3 Air Pump. An air pump capable of sampling at a uniform rate of 25 ft3/min to 35 ft3/min (709 L/min to 989 L/min). This flow rate is sufficient to clear the test chamber within 30 seconds.4.2.4 Suggested Test Chamber. The

48、design features are detailed in Figures 1 and 2.4.2.5 Plate Movement. Some method of plate movement is needed when an automatic process with a fixed torch isused. This is optional for semiautomatic, hand-held torch operations, but is recommended as it ensures more accurateresults. If utilized, the m

49、ovement apparatus should be capable of maintaining a speed commensurate with the processbeing used.4.2.6 Pressure Drop Gauge. This gauge is used to measure the pressure drop across the filter and indicates the degreeto which the filter is loaded.4.2.7 Oven. An oven at 200F to 225F (93C to 107C) shall be used to hold filter samples prior to weighing.4.2.8 Balance. For measuring the fume generation rate, a balance with a sensitivity of 0.01 g or better shall be usedfor weighing the filter pad before and after testing.4.2.9 Timer. A timer with a range of 0 minutes to 1