AWS EWH-I-2012 Effects of Welding on Health Index-I through XIV.pdf

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1、Effects ofWelding on Health,IndexI through XIVEffects ofWelding on Health,IndexI through XIVPrepared forAWS Safety and Health CommitteeiiEWHINDEX (IXIV)International Standard Book Number: 978-0-87171-827-3American Welding Society8669 Doral Blvd., Doral, FL 33166 2012 by American Welding SocietyAll r

2、ights reservedPrinted in the United States of AmericaPhotocopy Rights. No portion of this standard may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in anyform, including mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyrightowner.Autho

3、rization to photocopy items for internal, personal, or educational classroom use only or the internal, personal, oreducational classroom use only of specific clients is granted by the American Welding Society provided that the appropriatefee is paid to the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Dr

4、ive, Danvers, MA 01923, tel: (978) 750-8400; Internet:.iiiEWHINDEX (IXIV)PersonnelAWS Safety and Health CommitteeD. E. Clark, Chair Idaho National Engineering LaboratoryD. Werba, Vice Chair Miller Electric Manufacturing CompanyS. P. Hedrick, Secretary American Welding SocietyS. E. Ferree ESAB Weldin

5、g & Cutting ProductsS. R. Fiore Lawrence Livermore National LaboratoryK. A. Lyttle Praxair, IncorporatedA. F. Manz A. F. Manz AssociatesK. M. Merlo Edison Welding InstituteJ. Petkovsek The Lincoln Electric CompanyM. N. Sas ITW Global WeldingAdvisors to the Safety and Health CommitteeD. A. Fink The L

6、incoln Electric CompanyD. G. Harvey Hobart BrothersJ. F. Hinrichs Friction Stir Link, IncorporatedJ. D. Jennings Expert ServicesT. Lyon ConsultantD. H. Sliney ConsultantR. J. Tucker ConsultantThis page is intentionally blank.ivEWHINDEX (IXIV)vEWHINDEX (IXIV)ForewordThis index was prepared for the Sa

7、fety and Health Committee of the American Welding Society to provide key-wordsearch capability for the series Effects of Welding on Health, Volumes I through XIV. These works review and evaluateresearch conducted throughout the world on the potential health effects associated with physical and chemi

8、cal hazardsproduced by different welding processes. The first volume covered research published before 1978, while the latter thir-teen covered the time periods between 1978 and 2005 (the last volume also included an appendix with short summariesof articles on the effects of welding on human health

9、published between 2006 and 2009).This page is intentionally blank.viEWHINDEX (IXIV)EWHINDEX (IXIV)1AAbortion. See Spontaneous abortionAbsenteeism. See also Sick leave ratesacute respiratory infection and, IV:14hygiene and work practices, XII:3435illness-related absences, incidences of, V:3neck and s

10、houlder disorders, VII:38respiratory disease-related absences, IV:xvi, V:1415, XIII:2122, 6970Abstract reasoning, aluminum exposure studies, XIV:7, 16A.C. power systemsextremely low-frequency electromagnetic (ELF) exposure, VIII:5symmetrical susceptibility bridge, particle retention studies, VIII:27

11、Accidents. See also Injuriesconstruction welding incidents, VIII:24contact lenses in welders, VI:37cross-sectional surveys, XIII:20, XIV:27electrocutions, XII:13epidemiological studies, IX:8explosions, XII:13falls, VIII:9fault tree analysis, VIII:1920hygiene and work practices, VII:67, 21, 23, X:9,

12、29, XII:13, 3335ignition hazard analysis, VIII:20laser welding, X:8, 2425list by employee activity, VIII:22, 24list by incident type, VIII:21maritime welding incidents, VIII:2526neck and shoulder injuries, IX:1112, 4345NIOSH-HETAB field investigations, VIII:20partially chlorinated hydrocarbons, VIII

13、:20Pakistani welders, XIV:12prevalence studies of, XIII:5759published searches, VIII:19radiographic weld inspection, VIII:1718research overview, VIII:1923risk assessment studies, IV:11statistical analysis of, I:41, II:xixxx, 22studies of fatalities, VIII:6working conditions and, IX:2829by work locat

14、ion, VIII:23ACGIH noise exposure guidelines, VIII:3436Actinic elastosis, epidemiologic studies, IV:xviiActinic ray photokeratitis. See KeratoconjunctivitisAcute gastritis, welding and, I:34Acute myelocytic leukemia, VIII:31Acute nonlymphocytic leukemia, in children of welders, IX:37Acute respiratory

15、 diseaseanimal studies, IV:25case studies, VII:8, 2930Finnish welders, I:78fume exposure, I:57, IV:1314, VII:8, 2930nitrogen oxide exposure, I:57ozone exposure, I:56phosgene exposure, I:5prevalence of, I:7in shipyard welders, V:3siderosis and pneumoconiosis, I:711welding fumes and, III:6, IV:11, 131

16、4Acute toxicity studiesaluminum exposure, I:xvanimal studies, I:8385, 9091in guinea pigs, I:9293in rabbits, I:9091in rats, I:8385toxicity variations, VI:4546cadmium exposure, I:5, 7fume exposure studies, II:913gas shielded arc welding, I:xvgas welding, I:xvpneumoconiosis, causative agents, II:910pul

17、monary function tests, II:1112pulmonary inflammation, II:1011radiation effects, II:1213Acute tubular necrosis in welders, chromium exposure, IX:46, X:5455Adaptometry, eye and vision injuries, VII:36Adrenal gland, in weldersepidemiological studies, I:36, XIV:38neuroblastoma, incidence of, V:33Adrenal

18、in levels in welders, fume exposure studies, VI:9, VI:3940Aerosol exposure. See also Particle analysisanalytic studies, VIII:1314, X:22animal studiescadmium exposure, II:26pneumoconiosis, V:3739toxicologic effects, III:1618Baum-Mulholland particle coagulation theory, VI:16cardiovascular effects of,

19、V:3composition analysis, VI:1516elimination pathways for, III:67fume exposure studies, IV:xv, XIII:14Effects of Welding on Health, IndexI through XIVEWHINDEX (IXIV)2fume generation rates, V:7, IX:20, 22generation of, III:12hard metal coatings, X:3940hemolysis and, II:14laser welding hazards, X:2425m

20、orphology, V:7photometric measurement, VI:5, 16pulmonary function testing, III:810radiation exposure studies, IX:2627respiratory tract studies, IV:xvitoxicity studies, II:89thoriated electrodes, XIV:24workplace analysis, XIII:18, 4951, XIV:12, 25Age-related studiescancer in welders, XIV:5chromium co

21、mpound exposure studies, V:8chronic respiratory disease, I:1719eye injuries and vision damage, VI:8hemochromatosis, XI:5pulmonary function testing, IV:1415, VI:7respiratory disease in welders, V:11shipyard welders, abnormal chest x-rays, I:8visual acuity and, I:27in welders, XI:54Airborne contaminan

22、ts, workplace exposure limits, IX:2223Air carbon arc weldinglead exposure during, X:8noise production, I:7778Air cleaning equipment, hygiene and work practices, IX:27Aircraft industry welders, lung cancer in, X:11Air duct ventilation systems, workplace analysis, XIII:5259Air flow analysisdeficits, c

23、urrent research, X:3ventilation systems, XIII:5559Air-line devices, impact of, on cardiovascular system, VI:38Air monitoringaluminum exposure, XIV:89bypass leakage problems, X:78fume composition studies, X:22ventilation systems, manganese exposure, XIV:26Air temperature, ventilation systems and, wor

24、kplace analysis, XIII:5259Airways responsiveness data, occupational asthma, XI:3035AKI sampling technique, ozone exposure studies, V:10ALARA (As Low As Reasonable Achievable) exposure policy, VIII:18Albumin, liver function in welders and, I:3536Aldehydes, incidental exposure studies, IX:26Algerian w

25、elders, pulmonary function testing, XIV:81Aliphatic hydrocarbons, nervous system effects, VIII:7Alkaline content of fumeselectrode composition, V:6eye and vision effects of, III:xivAlkaline digestion medium, chromium emission studies, VI:21Alkaline filter elution test, chromium exposure, IX:5051Alka

26、line phosphatase activity, pulmonary function testing, XIV:29Allergic reactionsanimal studies, VII:12, 45asthma incidence, XIV:30automotive assembly operations, XIV:4case reports, IX:9contact sensitivitydermatitis, epidemiologic studies, VII:9, 37fume component studies, VI:3738, VII:9, 3738dermatose

27、s, IV:20epidemiologic studies, III:14, IV:xviii, VII:9, 3738fume components, IV:2324fume exposure studies, II:1516, III:6, XI:35, XIV:3incidental exposure studies, IX:14, 54metal fume fever with, VII:35metallic compound exposure studies, II:xxiwelding fumes and, III:6, XI:35Alternating current weldi

28、ng, thoriated electrodes, exposure studies, XIV:11, 24Aluminum exposureacute poisoning, gas shielded arc welding, I:xvalveolar macrophage incidence, VI:32analytic techniques, XII:11, 23animal studiesfume inhalation in rats, I:8688toxicology studies, IV:27anti-oxidant systems, VIII:6asthma in welders

29、 and, XII:42, XIV:3031biological monitoring, VII:1011, 40, VIII:40, IX:13, 5253, XII:20, 69, XIV:89fume exposure studies, VI:10, 43, VIII:12fume generation rates during GMAW, IX:2021welding-related diseases, V:3, 2123blood studies of welders, I:4243central nervous system function and, X:14, 5253cogn

30、itive function studies, XII:17fibrosis and, IV:13fume generation studies, II:1gas exposure studies, VI:6gas metal arc welding (GMAW), VII:15gas tungsten arc welding, thoriated electrodes, XIV:11metal fume fever, studies of, V:3, 20nervous system effects, IX:11, 4243, XI:12, 46, XII:56, XIII:2627, 96

31、98, XIV:1, 7, 16, 4243, 85Norwegian workers, XIV:3ozone generation, I:34, 7374, IV:xv, IX:2425gas metal arc welding, VI:15particle studies, V:7plasma arc welding, IX:32pneumoconiosis studies, II:xx, IV:11, XIII:6869pulmonary function testing, VI:2832, X:910radiation exposure studies, VI:25line spect

32、ra, I:76respiratory tract fume exposure studies, V:19sarcoid-like granulomatous aluminum disease, XIV:14thoriated electrodes, exposure studies, XIV:24workplace analysis, XIII:1718Aluminum-magnesium alloys, ozone production, I:3, 7374Alveolar bronchiolization, animal studies of welding effects, V:4Al

33、veolar macrophages. See also Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF)EWHINDEX (IXIV)3animal studies, VI:4546, VII:4142gene expression, X:7374pneumoconiosis, V:3839in vitro animal studies, X:71as defense mechanism, II:29epidemiologic studies, VIII:6, 25, X:5fibrogenic potential studies, I:xxiifume and gas

34、 exposure studies, VI:27, 32iron exposure, animal studies of, II:27lung disease and, X:1, 3mammalian cell studies, VIII:4243metal fume fever, VII:3435, X:1, 4849, 70protein synthesis induction and, X:5research on, VII:7, 2425respiratory tract infection and, XIII:56ultrafine particle analysis, XIII:7

35、274in vitro studies, V:4, VII:1213, IX:14, 5556animal studies, X:7374cytotoxicity, VII:47toxicity assays, V:42Alveolar proteinosis, animal studies, VII:1112, 4445Alveolitisasthma incidence, XIV:30welding fumes and, XIV:3Alzheimers diseaseELF-EMF exposure and, XIV:16epidemiologic studies, XIV:4149Amb

36、erlite La-2 ion-exchange resin, atomic absorption analysis, VIII:1314Ambient air measurementsdegreasing agents, VI:2627fume exposure studies, VI:15American National Standards Institute (ANSI)ANSI/ASC Z49.1-88, VIII:5, X:13, 50ANSI/AWS F2.2-89, VIII:5ANSI/AWS F3.1-89, VIII:5ANSI C95.4 exposure guidel

37、ine, VIII:17welding standards, VIII:22American Thoracic Societyoccupational asthma studies, XIV:3respiratory disease studies, V:16American Welding Society (AWS) laboratory test methodsanimal studies, inflammation and fibrosis, VII:11AWS F1.2-79, Ames test, I:55AWS F.12-1979, III:1, X:8, 22fume conde

38、nsates, I:xxiifume exposure studies, VI:4647mild steel fume mutagenicity, VI:11, 14mutagenicity studies, I:xxii, V:4041in vitro studies, V:4, VII:12, 46-Amino levulinic acid (ALAU)biological monitoring with, X:7, 21lead exposure studies, VI:10, 4344urine levels of, II:16-Amino levulinic acid dehydra

39、tase (ALA-D), fume exposure studies, II:xxi, 16urine levels, II:16Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), XI:12ELF-EMF exposure and, XIV:16, 4249epidemiologic studies, XI:4546in welders, IX:11, 43Anemia, in welders, I:xix, 31. See also Hematocrit levels in weldersAnimal studies. See also specific anima

40、lsacute respiratory disease, IV:25aerosol exposurecadmium exposure, II:26pneumoconiosis, V:3739toxicologic effects, III:1618allergic reactions, VII:12, 45aluminum exposurefume inhalation in rats, I:8688toxicology studies, IV:27alveolar bronchiolization, V:4alveolar macrophages, VI:4546, VII:4142pneu

41、moconiosis, V:3839alveolar proteinosis, VII:1112, 4445Ames test, inflammation and fibrosis, VII:11anti-oxidants, X:18arc welding radiation exposure, I:49, 105106arsenic toxicity, VII:1112, 4445austenitic electrode toxicity, VII:4445barium exposure, VII:4546beryllium exposure, II:2526biochemical stud

42、ies, VII:12, 45, IX:5657cadmium exposure, II:2627cobalt exposure, II:27manganese exposure, II:2829nickel exposure, II:29techniques, IX:5657toxicology research, II:2330blood analysisbiochemical studies, VII:45cadmium exposure, II:26toxicology studies, IV:2627whole-body effects of welding, V:3940body

43、weight/lung weight ratio, toxicology studies, IV:2526bronchitis, fume inhalation studies, I:8586cadmium exposure, II:2527calmodulin exposure, VII:45carbon monoxide exposure, VI:1011, 4546carcinogenicity studies, I:48, 101102, V:37metals, II:2930welding compounds, VI:3234chromium exposureallergic rea

44、ctions, VII:12biomarkers, IX:51carcinogenicity studies, V:4, 37fume exposure studies, VI:11, 4546fume inhalation in rats, I:8385pulmonary retention and clearance, V:40, VII:4244toxicology studies, IV:2527, VII:4445whole-body effects, V:3940cobalt exposure, II:27combined fume exposure measurements, V

45、I:14corneal injuries, XIV:40distribution and excretion of inhaled fumes, I:97101electrode compositionEWHINDEX (IXIV)4fume inhalation studiesguinea pigs, I:9293rabbits, I:91rats, I:8385inflammation and fibrosis, VII:11, 4142rutile electrodesinhalation studies, I:46, 8586pneumoconiosis, V:3739toxicolo

46、gy studies, IV:xviiixixelectromagnetic fields (EMFs), X:17, 69emphysema, V:4, VI:1011, 4546experimental techniques and design, II:2425fecal analysistoxicology of nickel compounds, IV:2728whole-body effects of welding, V:3940fertility disorders, IX:4, 14, 5455, X:17, 6970fibrosis, XIII:33, 116117, XI

47、V:4, 2021, 6366fibrogenicity and, VI:46, VII:11, 4142, IX:55fluoride compounds, distribution and excretion, I:9798flux-cored arc welding (FCAW)pneumoconiosis, V:3739toxicology research, II:25fume exposure studies, II:2330, VI:1011, 4546, IX:1415, 56, XI:14, XIV:32inhalation studies, I:4554techniques

48、 for, II:2324fume generation rates, III:xv, 1618threshold limit values (TLVs), VI:1011fume inhalation studies, I:4554, 8395, III:1718, IV:2728gas exposure studies, VI:4546toxicology studies, IV:xviii, 27gas metal arc welding (GMAW), V:4fume exposure studies, VI:11inflammation and fibrosis, VII:11, 4

49、142pulmonary retention and clearance, VII:11, 4244toxicity effects, III:1718, VII:4445whole-body effects, V:40gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW), VI:11, 4647gene expression, X:18genotoxic compounds, VI:4647hexavalent chromium, V:4implantation techniques, V:4infectivity, XIV:20, 6063inflammatory response studies, VII:11, 4142, XIV:20, 60-63influenza and tuberculosis, I:49, 103104inhalation