ASTM G63-2015 Standard Guide for Evaluating Nonmetallic Materials for Oxygen Service《评估氧气应用非金属材料的标准指南》.pdf

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1、Designation: G63 99 (Reapproved 2007)G63 15Standard Guide forEvaluating Nonmetallic Materials for Oxygen Service1This standard is issued under the fixed designation G63; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of originaladoption or, in the case of revision, the year of l

2、ast revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscriptepsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This guide applies to nonmetallic materials, (hereinafter called materials) under consideration for oxygen or oxygen-enrich

3、ed fluid service, direct or indirect, as defined below. It is intended for use in selecting materials for applications in connectionwith the production, storage, transportation, distribution, or use of oxygen. It is concerned primarily with the properties of amaterial associated with its relative su

4、sceptibility to ignition and propagation of combustion; it does not involve mechanicalproperties, potential toxicity, outgassing, reactions between various materials in the system, functional reliability, or performancecharacteristics such as aging, shredding, or sloughing of particles,physical agin

5、g, degradation, abrasion, hardening, orembrittlement, except when these might contribute to an ignition.1.2 When this document was originally published in 1980, it addressed both metals and nonmetals. Its scope has been narrowedto address only nonmetals and a separate standard Guide G94 has been dev

6、eloped to address metals.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior

7、 to use.NOTE 1The American Society for Testing and Materials takes no position respecting the validity of any evaluation methods asserted in connectionwith any item mentioned in this guide. Users of this guide are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such evaluation methods an

8、ddata and the risk of use of such evaluation methods and data are entirely their own responsibility.NOTE 2In evaluating materials, any mixture with oxygen exceeding atmospheric concentration at pressures higher than atmospheric should beevaluated from the hazard point of view for possible significan

9、t increase in material combustibility.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D217 Test Methods for Cone Penetration of Lubricating GreaseD566 Test Method for Dropping Point of Lubricating GreaseD1264 Test Method for Determining the Water Washout Characteristics of Lubricating GreasesD1743 Test M

10、ethod for Determining Corrosion Preventive Properties of Lubricating GreasesD1748 Test Method for Rust Protection by Metal Preservatives in the Humidity CabinetD2512 Test Method for Compatibility of Materials with Liquid Oxygen (Impact SensitivityThreshold and Pass-FailTechniques)D2863 Test Method f

11、or Measuring the Minimum Oxygen Concentration to Support Candle-Like Combustion of Plastics(Oxygen Index)D4809 Test Method for Heat of Combustion of Liquid Hydrocarbon Fuels by Bomb Calorimeter (Precision Method)G72 Test Method forAutogenous Ignition Temperature of Liquids and Solids in a High-Press

12、ure Oxygen-Enriched EnvironmentG74 Test Method for Ignition Sensitivity of Nonmetallic Materials and Components by Gaseous Fluid ImpactG86 Test Method for Determining Ignition Sensitivity of Materials to Mechanical Impact in Ambient Liquid Oxygen andPressurized Liquid and Gaseous Oxygen Environments

13、G88 Guide for Designing Systems for Oxygen ServiceG93 Practice for Cleaning Methods and Cleanliness Levels for Material and Equipment Used in Oxygen-Enriched EnvironmentsG94 Guide for Evaluating Metals for Oxygen Service1 This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee G04 on Compatibility an

14、d Sensitivity of Materials in Oxygen Enriched Atmospheres and is the directresponsibility of Subcommittee G04.02 on Recommended Practices.Current edition approved March 15, 2007Nov. 1, 2015. Published May 2007January 2016. Originally approved in 1980. Last previous edition approved in 19992007 asG63

15、 99.G63 99(2007). DOI: 10.1520/G0063-99R07.10.1520/G0063-15.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.T

16、his document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior edit

17、ions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States12.2 Federal Standard:Fed. Test Method Std. 91B Co

18、rrosion Protection by Coating: Salt Spray (Fog) Test32.3 Other Standard:BS 3N:100: 1985 Specification for General Design Requirements for Aircraft Oxygen Systems and Equipment42.4 Other Documents:CGA Pamphlet G4.4 Industrial Practices for Gaseous Oxygen Transmission and Distribution Oxygen Pipeline

19、and PipingSystem5EIGA IGC 13-12 Oxygen Pipeline and Piping SystemsNSS 1740.15 NASA Safety Standard for Oxygen and Oxygen Systems63. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 autoignition temperaturethe temperature at which a material will spontaneously ignite in oxygen under specific testconditions (see Guid

20、e conditions.G88).3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 direct oxygen servicein contact with oxygen during normal operations. Examples: oxygen compressor piston rings,control valve seats.3.2.2 impact-ignition resistancethe resistance of a material to ignition when struck by an obj

21、ect in an oxygen atmosphereunder a specific test procedure.3.2.3 indirect oxygen servicenot normally in contact with oxygen, but which might be as a result of a reasonably foreseeablemalfunction, operator error, or process disturbance. Examples: liquid oxygen tank insulation, liquid oxygen pump moto

22、r bearings.3.2.4 maximum use pressurethe maximum pressure to which a material can be subjected due to a reasonably foreseeablemalfunction, operator error, or process upset.3.2.5 maximum use temperaturethe maximum temperature to which a material can be subjected due to a reasonablyforeseeable malfunc

23、tion, operator error, or process upset.3.2.6 nonmetallicany material, other than a metal, or any composite in which the metal is not the most easily ignitedcomponent and for which the individual constituents cannot be evaluated independently.3.2.7 operating pressurethe pressure expected under normal

24、 operating conditions.3.2.8 operating temperaturethe temperature expected under normal operating conditions.3.2.9 oxygen-enrichedapplies to a fluid (gas or liquid) that contains more than 25 mol % oxygen.3.2.10 qualified technical personnelpersons such as engineers and chemists who, by virtue of edu

25、cation, training, orexperience, know how to apply physical and chemical principles involved in the reactions between oxygen and other materials.3.2.11 reaction effectthe personnel injury, facility damage, product loss, downtime, or mission loss that could occur as theresult of an ignition.4. Signifi

26、cance and Use4.1 The purpose of this guide is to furnish qualified technical personnel with pertinent information for use in selecting materialsfor oxygen service in order to minimize the probability of ignition and the risk of explosion or fire. It is not intended as aspecification for approving ma

27、terials for oxygen service.5. Factors Affecting Selection of Material5.1 GeneralThe selection of a material for use with oxygen or oxygen-enriched atmospheres is primarily a matter ofunderstanding the circumstances that cause oxygen to react with the material. Most materials in contact with oxygen w

28、ill not ignitewithout a source of ignition energy. When an energy-input rate, as converted to heat, is greater than the rate of heat dissipation,and the temperature increase is continued for sufficient time, ignition and combustion will occur. Thus considered: theAmaterialsminimum ignition temperatu

29、re,temperature and the energyignition sources that will produce a sufficient increase in the temperatureof the material. These material must therefore be considered. Ignition temperatures and ignition sources should be viewed in thecontext of the entire system design so that the specific factors lis

30、ted below will assume the proper relative significance.ToTherefore: summarize:material it depends on the application.suitability for oxygen service is application-dependent.3 Available from U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents, 732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washingto

31、n, DC 20401, http:/www.access.gpo.gov.4 Available from British Standards Institute (BSI), 389 Chiswick High Rd., London W4 4AL, U.K., http:/www.bsi-.5 Available from Compressed Gas Association (CGA), 4221 Walney Rd., 5th Floor, Chantilly, VA 20151-2923, http:/.6 National Aeronautics and Space Admini

32、stration, Office of Safety and Mission Assurance, Washington, DC.G63 152NOTE 3For the safe use of materials in oxygen, in addition to the flammability and ignitability properties of the material, it is necessary to considerother physical and chemical properties such as mechanical properties, potenti

33、al toxicity, etc. Consequently, because ignition and physical (or chemical)properties may be conflicting for selecting a material, it may be necessary in such cases to perform component tests simulating the most probable ignitionmechanisms (e.g., a rapid pressurization test on a valve if heat of com

34、pression is analyzed as severe).5.2 Properties of the Material:5.2.1 Factors Affecting Ease of IgnitionGenerally, inwhen considering a material for a specific oxygen application, one of themost significant factors is its minimum ignition temperature in oxygen. Other factors that will affect its igni

35、tion areinclude relativeresistance to impact, various ignition energies, geometry, configuration, specific heat, relative porosity, thermal conductivity,preoxidation or passivity, and “heat-sink effect.” The latterHeat-sink effect is the heat-transfer aspectcapacity of the materialrelative to that o

36、f the massmaterial in intimate contact with it, with respect to both the amount and the physical arrangement ofeach and to their respective physical properties. considering the mass, physical arrangement, and physical properties of each. Forinstance, a gasket material may have a relatively low ignit

37、ion temperature but be extremely resistant to ignition when confinedbetween two steel flanges. The presence of a small amount of an easily ignitable material,contaminant, such as a hydrocarbon oilor a grease film, can promote the ignition of the base material. Accordingly, cleanliness is vital to mi

38、nimize the risk of ignition(1).7 See also Practice G93 and Refs. 23.5.2.2 Factors Affecting PropagationAfterOnce a material is ignited, combustion may be sustained or may halt. Among thefactors that affect whether fire will continue are the basic composition of the material, the pressure, presence o

39、f heat-sink effects,the pressure, the initial temperature, the geometric state of the matter, and whether the available oxygen will be consumed or theaccumulation of combustion products reduce the availability of oxygen sufficiently to stopthere is oxygen available to sustain thereaction. Combustion

40、 may also be interrupted by the presence of a heat sink.5.2.3 Properties and Conditions Affecting Potential Resultant DamageA materials heat of combustion, its mass, the oxygenconcentration, flow conditions before and after ignition, and the flame propagation characteristics affect the potential dam

41、age ifignition should occur and should The material properties and system conditions that could affect the damage potential if ignitionoccurs should be taken into account inwhen estimating the reaction effect in 7.5. These properties and conditions include thematerials heat of combustion, its mass,

42、the oxygen concentration, flow conditions before and after ignition, and the flamepropagation characteristics.5.3 Operating ConditionsConditions that affect the suitability of a material include the other materials of construction andtheir arrangement in the equipment and pressure, temperature, conc

43、entration, flow, and velocity of the oxygen.gas velocity, and theignitability of surrounding materials. Pressure and temperature are generally the most significant, and their effects show up in theestimate of ignition potential (5.4) and reaction effect (5.5), as explained in Section 7.5.3.1 Pressur

44、eThe operating pressure is important, not only because it generally affects the generation of potential ignitionmechanisms, but also because it usually significantly affects the destructive effects if ignition should occur. While generalizationsare difficult, rough scales approximate reaction effect

45、s would be as given in Table 1.NOTE 4While the pressure generally affects the reaction as indicated in Table 1, tests indicate that it has varying effects on individual flammabilityproperties. For example, for many materials, increasing pressure results in the following:(1) An increase in propagatio

46、n rate, with the greatest increase in rate at lower pressures but with significant increases in rate at high pressures;(1) An increase in propagation rate, with the greatest increase in rate at lower pressures but with significant increases in rateat high pressures;(2) Areduction in ignition tempera

47、ture, with the greatest decrease at low pressure and a smaller rate at high pressure, however,it should be noted that increasing autoignition temperatures with increasing pressures have been reported for selected polymers,due to competing kinetics (4);(3) An increase in sensitivity to mechanical imp

48、act;(4) A reduction in oxygen index, as measured in an exploratory study (5), with sharper initial declines in materials of highoxygen index but with only slight relative declines in general above 10 atmospheres and up to at least 20 atmospheres;(5) A negligible change in heat of combustion; and(6)

49、An increase in the likelihood of compression heating ignition, with the greatest likelihood at the highest pressures.(2) A reduction in ignition temperature, with the greatest decrease at low pressure and a smaller rate at high pressure, however, it should be noted thatincreasing autoignition temperatures with increasing pressures have been reported for selected polymers, due to competing kinetics (4);7 The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end of this standard.TABLE 1 Reaction Effect Asses