ASTM F3077-2017 Standard Specification for Eye Protectors for Women&x2019 s Lacrosse《女子长曲棍球用护目器的标准规格》.pdf

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1、Designation: F3077 14F3077 17Standard Specification forEye Protectors for Womens Lacrosse1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F3077; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A numbe

2、r in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers eye protectors designed for use by players of womens lacrosse that minimize or significantlyreduce injury to the e

3、ye and adnexa due to impact and penetration of lacrosse balls. Protective eyewear offers protection only tothe eyes and does not protect other parts of the head.1.2 Impact testing is done in a laboratory setting. Eye contact is determined by observation.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be re

4、garded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.Metric units of measurement in this specification are in accordance with the International System of Units (SI). If a value formeasurement as given in this specification is followed by an equivalent value in other units

5、, the first stated is to be regarded asthe requirement. A given equivalent value may be approximate.1.4 This standard applies to plano eyewear only.1.4 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test methods portion (Sections 8, 9, and 10) of this specification:This standard does not pu

6、rport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of theuser of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine theapplicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This internat

7、ional standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committ

8、ee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1003 Test Method for Haze and Luminous Transmittance of Transparent Plastics2.2 ANSI Standards:3ANSI Z80.1 Requirements for First-Quality Prescription Ophthalmic LensesANSI Z80.3 Requirements for Nonprescription Sunglasses and Fashion Eyewear Requiremen

9、tsANSI Z87.1 Practice for Occupational and Educational Personal Eye and Face ProtectorsProtection Devices2.3 Federal Standard:4National Institute of Standards and Technology Special Technical Publication 374 Method for Determining the Resolving Powerof Photographic Lenses2.4 Canadian Standard:5CSA Z

10、262.6Z262.6-14 Specifications for Facially Featured Head Forms2.5 NOCSAE Standard:6NOCSAE (ND) 049 Standard Performance Specification for Newly Manufactured Lacrosse Balls1 This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F08 on Sports Equipment, Playing Surfaces, and Facilities and is

11、 the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee F08.57 on Eye Safety for Sports.Current edition approved June 1, 2014July 1, 2017. Published August 2014October 2017. Originally approved in 2014. Last previous edition approved in 2014 asF3077 14. DOI: 10.1520/F3077-14.10.1520/F3077-17.2 For referencedASTM

12、standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th

13、 Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.4 Available from National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 100 Bureau Dr., Stop 1070, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-1070, http:/www.nist.gov.5 Available from Canadian Standards Association (CSA), 5060 Spectrum Way, Mississauga, ON L4W 5N6, Canada,

14、 http:/www.csa.ca.6 Available from the National Operating Committee on Standards for Athletic Equipment (NOCSAE), http:/www.nocsae.org.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous versi

15、on. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM Internationa

16、l, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 binocular, adjrelating to the field of view which is shared by both eyes simultaneously; also any simultaneous activityof the two eyes.3.1.2 c

17、entral viewing zone, nthat part of the eye of a protector which has its center in line with the wearers normal line ofsight.3.1.2.1 DiscussionThe zone is circular in shape, and 40 mm in diameter. The center of the central viewing zone shall be the point of intersection ofthe line of sight with the l

18、ens as mounted on the CSA headform. (See CSA Z262.6.)3.1.3 cleanable, nability of a protective device to be made readily free of dirt or grime without being damaged during anappropriate cleaning process, such as the use of soap and water.3.1.4 coverage, ncharacteristic of a protective device that ob

19、structs straight line paths that are coincident with the wearerseyes.3.1.5 definition (optical), ncharacteristic of a lens that allows separate distinct points in close proximity to be discerned whenlooking through the lens.3.1.6 eye, nrelating to the eye of a test headform or the eye of a person we

20、aring a protector or that part of an eye protectivedevice through which a wearers eye would normally look.3.1.7 eye of the headform, nall structures contained within the orbital rim of the CSA headform. (See CSA Z262.6.)3.1.8 haze, nfraction of the total transmitted light from a normally incident be

21、am which is not transmitted in a focusedcondition but scattered by inclusions or surface defects.3.1.8.1 DiscussionExcessive haze will reduce contrast and visibility.3.1.9 headform optical parameters, nkey dimensions for the head forms.3.1.10 impact resistance, nthe ability of a device to afford pro

22、tection from impact as required by this specification.3.1.11 lens, nwhen so equipped, the transparent part or parts of a protective device through which the wearer normally sees.3.1.12 luminous transmittance, nfunction of the spectral transmittance of the lens weighted by the corresponding ordinates

23、of the photopic luminous efficiency distribution of the CIE (1931) standard colorimetric observer and by the spectral intensity ofstandard Illuminant C. (See ANSI Z80.3, Paragraph 3.9.1.)3.1.13 normal lines of sight, nstraight ahead horizontal lines that intersect the center of the eyes of the appro

24、priate headform.3.1.14 penetration resistance, nthe ability of a device to afford protection from moving objects as required by thisspecification.3.1.15 plano lens, na lens that does not incorporate a corrective prescription. This lens is not necessarily flat.3.1.16 power imbalance, nrelates to the

25、condition in which the refractive power of the lens or lenses of a protector is differentas presented to the two eyes.3.1.17 prism, na device that bends a beam of light as a result of the lack of parallelism of the two surfaces of a lens throughwhich the beam of light traverses.3.1.17.1 DiscussionTh

26、e amount of bending is a function of the curvatures, thickness, index of refraction of the material and the angle of approach ofthe line of sight to the optical surface. In this specification, prism refers to the amount of bending that is imposed upon the lineof sight of a wearer of an eye protector

27、 for the specified viewing position. Prism is expressed in diopters. The deviation of the lineof sight by 1 cm/m is one prism diopter.3.1.17.1 base-in, nrelating to the type of prism imbalance that tends to cause parallel rays of light passing through a protector,spaced apart by the inter-pupillary

28、distance, to converge.3.1.17.2 base-out, nrelating to the type of prism imbalance that tends to cause parallel rays of light passing through aprotector, spaced apart by the inter-pupillary distance, to diverge.F3077 1723.1.17.3 base-up, nrefers to the type of prism that causes a horizontal beam of l

29、ight to bend upward causing objects to appearlower than their true position.3.1.17.4 base-down, nrefers to the type of prism that causes a horizontal beam of light to bend down causing objects to appearhigher than their true position.3.1.18 prism imbalance, n3.1.18.1 horizontal imbalance, ndifferenc

30、e in prismatic deviation of incident parallel light beams on the two eyes of aprotective device in the horizontal meridian. (See base-in and base-out.)3.1.18.2 vertical imbalance, ndifference in prismatic deviation between parallel light beams incident on the two eyes of aprotective device in the ve

31、rtical meridian.3.1.19 protective device (or protector), ndevice that provides protection to the wearers eye against specific hazardsencountered in sports.3.1.20 refractive power, nfocusing effect of a lens expressed in diopters.3.1.20.1 astigmatism, ncondition in a lens that creates two axially sep

32、arated line foci of each object point, the lines beingmutually perpendicular. In other words, the lens has two different refractive powers in meridians that are 90 apart.3.1.21 scotoma, nblind or partially blind area within the visual field.3.1.22 spherical power, nthe average of the maximum meridio

33、nal astigmatic power and the minimum meridional astigmaticpower of a lens.4. Classification4.1 Eye protectors are classified into the following types:4.1.1 Type IAprotector with the lens or lenses and frame front piece molded as one unit. Frame temples or other devices, suchas straps, to affix the l

34、ens/front piece may be separate pieces.4.1.2 Type IIA protector with a single lens or lenses, either plano or prescription, mounted in a frame that was manufacturedas a separate unit.4.1.3 Type IIIA protector without a lens.5. General Requirements5.1 Materials of Construction:5.1.1 The manufacturers

35、 choice of material shall be in accordance with 5.1.2 and 5.1.3.5.1.2 Materials coming into contact with the wearers face shall not be of a type known to cause skin irritation.5.1.3 Materials coming into contact with the wearers face, except replaceable padding, shall not undergo significant loss of

36、strength or flexibility, or other physical change as a result of perspiration, oil, or grease from the wearers skin and hair.5.1.3.1 Manufacturer will provide material selection and, by affidavit, support 5.1.1 5.1.3.5.1.4 CleanabilityProtective devices shall be capable of being cleaned to the degre

37、e that when conditioned in accordance withthe method described in 9.1, they shall remain functional in all ways.5.2 Finishes and ConstructionThe protector shall be constructed in a manner to prevent the missile or components of theprotector from contact with the eye of the headform when tested in ac

38、cordance with Section 10.5.3 Straps are not required on eye protectors, provided the protector passes the standard without straps.6. Performance Requirements6.1 Optical RequirementsType I and II Protectors:6.1.1 Refractive TolerancesWhen tested in accordance with 8.68.5, the spherical power shall be

39、 inmaximum refractive powerin any meridian shall not exceed +0.12 or 0.2 diopters. Spherical power shall be within the range of +0.06 diopters to 0.18diopters.6.1.2 AstigmatismWhen tested in accordance with 8.5, the astigmatism shall not exceed 0.12 diopter.6.1.3 Power ImbalanceWhen tested in accord

40、ance with 8.5, the power imbalance in corresponding meridians shall not exceed0.18 diopters between the two eyes for straight-ahead seeing.6.1.4 PrismFor the primary viewing position of either eye of a shield or pair of lenses, the prism deviation shall not exceed0.50 prism diopters when tested in a

41、ccordance with 8.3.6.1.5 Prism Imbalance:6.1.5.1 Vertical and Base-In0.25 prism diopters.6.1.5.2 Base-Out0.50 prism diopters.6.1.6 Luminous TransmittanceWhen tested in accordance with 8.2, protectors shall have a luminous transmittance of not lessthan 85 % for a clear device and not less than 20 % f

42、or tinted devices. Additionally, the difference in values as would be viewedby the two eyes through a single protector as worn shall not exceed 0.9 to 1.1 times the other value (measured at the design lineof sight) unless specifically prescribed by an ophthalmic professional.F3077 1736.1.7 Ultraviol

43、et TransmittanceUVB (290315 nm), clear protectors, 5 % maximum, sunglass types, 1 % maximum. UVA(315380 nm), clear protectors, 50 % maximum, sunglass types, 0.5 luminous transmittance.6.1.8 HazeWhen tested in accordance with 8.4, the haze in the protector shall not exceed 3 %.6.1.9 Lenses that exhib

44、it any distortion or doubling of the image during the test for refractive power or prism shall be furthertested in accordance with 8.1.6.1.10 Optical QualityWithin the central viewing zone, striae warpage, surface ripples, lenticulations, or abrupt opticalchanges that are visible under the test cond

45、itions of 8.1 and that would impair the function of the lens shall be cause for rejection.Visual impairment is defined by the scanning and focimeter test of 8.1.6.1.11 Surface and Internal DefectsPits, scratches, bubbles, grayness, specks, cracks, and water marks that are visible underthe test condi

46、tions of 8.6 and that would impair the function of the lens shall be a cause for rejection. Grayness should be evaluatedby the requirements of 6.1.6.6.2 Mechanical Requirements:6.2.1 No contact with the eye of the headform shall be permitted when tested in accordance with Section 10.6.2.2 When teste

47、d in accordance with Section 10, displaced fragments or complete fracture of any components of the eyeprotector excluding padding constitutes a failure.6.2.3 When tested in accordance with Section 10, any displacement of the lens from the frame and that contacts the eye,constitutes a failure.6.2.4 A

48、 protector that is dislodged from the test headform when tested in accordance with Section 10 shall not constitute afailure, provided all of the above mechanical requirements are met.6.3 Requirements for Frames to be Fitted With Rx (Corrective) Lenses:6.3.1 Frames intended to be used for prescriptio

49、n lenses shall be tested to the requirements of 6.2 with plano, highest plus spherepower and lowest minus sphere power as desired to be qualified by the manufacturer. Each lens material(s)/ manufacturer(s),surface treatment (for example, coating) and finishing process as desired to be qualified for laboratory finishing. If all test lensespass, than any prescription lens of the same of greater thickness at it thinnest point within the prescription range tested and qualifiedwhich is made of the same material(s)/