ASTM F2713-2009 Standard Specification for Eye Protectors for Field Hockey《曲棍球护眼用具的标准规范》.pdf

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1、Designation: F 2713 09Standard Specification forEye Protectors for Field Hockey1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 2713; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in pare

2、ntheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers eye protectors, designed foruse by players of field hockey that minimize or significantlyreduce injury to the eye and adnex

3、a due to impact by andpenetration of field hockey balls and field hockey sticks.Contact with the eye of the headform constitutes failure.Protective eyewear offers protection only to the eyes and doesnot protect other parts of the head.1.2 Impact testing is done in a laboratory setting. Eyecontact is

4、 determined by observation.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly. Metric units of measurement in this specification are inaccordance with the International System of Units (SI). If avalue for measurement as given

5、in this specification is followedby an equivalent value in other units, the first stated is to beregarded as the requirement. A given equivalent value may beapproximate.1.4 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to thetest methods portion (Sections 8, 9, and 10) of this specifica-tion: Thi

6、s standard does not purport to address all of the safetyconcerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety andhealth practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1

7、 ASTM Standards:2D 1003 Test Method for Haze and Luminous Transmittanceof Transparent PlasticsF 1887 Test Method for Measuring the Coefficient of Res-titution (COR) of Baseballs and SoftballsF 1888 Test Method for Compression-Displacement ofBaseballs and Softballs2.2 ANSI Standards:3ANSI Z80.3 Requi

8、rements for Nonprescription Sunglassesand Fashion EyewearANSI Z87.1 Practice for Occupational and Educational Eyeand Face Protectors2.3 Federal Standard:National Institute of Standards and Technology SpecialTechnical Publication 374 Method for Determining theResolving Power of Photographic Lenses42.

9、4 Canadian Standard:5CSA Z262.6 Specifications for Facially Featured Head-forms3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2 binocular, adjrelating to the field of view which isshared by both eyes simultaneously; also any simultaneousactivity of the two eyes.3.3 central viewin

10、g zone, nthat part of the eye of aprotector, which has its center in line with the wearers normalline of sight.3.3.1 DiscussionThe zone is circular in shape, and 40 mmin diameter. The center of the central viewing zone shall be thepoint of intersection of the line of sight with the lens asmounted on

11、 the CSA headform.53.4 cleanable, nability of a protective device to be madereadily free of dirt or grime without being damaged during anappropriate cleaning process, such as the use of soap and water.3.5 coeffcient of restitution, nfractional value represent-ing the ratio of velocities before and a

12、fter an impact.3.6 compression-deflection, nforce required to compress aball a given distance.3.7 coverage, ncharacteristic of a protective device thatobstructs straight line paths that are coincident with thewearers eyes.3.8 definition (optical), ncharacteristic of a lens thatallows separate distin

13、ct points in close proximity to be dis-cerned when looking through the lens.3.9 eye, nrelating to the eye of a test headform or the eyeof a person wearing a protector or that part of an eye protectivedevice through which a wearers eye would normally look.1This specification is under the jurisdiction

14、 of ASTM Committee F08 on SportsEquipment and Facilities and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F08.57 onEye Safety for Sports.Current edition approved April 1, 2009. Published May 2009.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at

15、 serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.4Available from National Institute of

16、Standards and Technology (NIST), 100Bureau Dr., Stop 1070, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-1070, http:/www.nist.gov.5Available from Canadian Standards Association (CSA), 5060 Spectrum Way,Mississauga, ON L4W 5N6, Canada, http:/www.csa.ca.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West

17、 Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.10 eye of the headform, nall structures contained withinthe orbital rim of the CSA headform.53.11 haze, nfraction of the total transmitted light from anormally incident beam which is not trans mitted in a focusedcondition but scattered by inclusions or s

18、urface defects.3.11.1 DiscussionExcessive haze will reduce contrast andvisibility.3.12 headform optical parameters, nkey dimensions forthe headforms.3.13 impact resistance, nability of a device to affordprotection from impact as required by this specification.3.14 lens, nwhen so equipped, the transp

19、arent part orparts of a protective device through which the wearer normallysees.3.15 luminous transmittance, nfunction of the spectraltransmittance of the lens weighted by the correspondingordinates of the photopic luminous efficiency distribution ofthe CIE (1931) standard colorimetric observer and

20、by thespectral intensity of standard Illuminant C. (See ANSI Z80.3,Paragraph 3.9.1.)3.16 normal lines of sight, nstraight ahead horizontallines that intersect the center of the eyes of the appropriateheadform.3.17 penetration resistance, nability of a device to affordprotection from moving objects a

21、s required by this specifica-tion.3.18 power imbalance, nrelates to the condition in whichthe refractive power of the lens or lenses of a protector isdifferent as presented to the two eyes.3.19 prism, ndevice that bends a beam of light as a resultof the lack of parallelism of the two surfaces of a l

22、ens throughwhich the beam of light traverses.3.19.1 DiscussionThe amount of bending is a function ofthe curvatures, thickness, index of refraction of the materialand the angle of approach of the line of sight to the opticalsurface. In this specification, prism refers to the amount ofbending that is

23、imposed upon the line of sight of a wearer of aneye protector for the specified viewing position. Prism isexpressed in diopters. The deviation of the line of sight by 1cm/m is one prism diopter.3.19.2 base-in, nrelating to the type of prism imbalancethat tends to cause parallel rays of light passing

24、 through aprotector, spaced apart by the interpupillary distance, to con-verge.3.19.3 base-out, nrelating to the type of prism imbalancethat tends to cause parallel rays of light passing through aprotector, spaced apart by the interpupillary distance, to di-verge.3.19.4 base-up, nrefers to the type

25、of prism that causes ahorizontal beam of light to bend upward causing objects toappear lower than their true position.3.19.5 base-down, nrefers to the type of prism that causesa horizontal beam of light to bend down causing objects toappear higher than their true position.3.20 prism imbalance, n3.20

26、.1 horizontal imbalance, ndifference in prismatic de-viation of incident parallel light beams on the two eyes of aprotective device in the horizontal meridian. (See base-in andbase-out).3.20.2 vertical imbalance, ndifference in prismatic devia-tion between parallel light beams incident on the two ey

27、es of aprotective device in the vertical meridian.3.21 protective device (or protector), ndevice that pro-vides protection to the wearers eye against specific hazardsencountered in sports.3.22 refractive power, nfocusing effect of a lens ex-pressed in diopters.3.22.1 astigmatism, ncondition in a len

28、s that creates twoaxially separated line foci of each object point, the lines beingmutually perpendicular. In other words, the lens has twodifferent refractive powers in meridians that are 90 apart.3.23 scotoma, nblind or partially blind area within thevisual field.3.24 spherical power, naverage of

29、the maximum meridi-onal astigmatic power and the minimum meridional astigmaticpower of a lens.4. Classification4.1 Eye protectors are classified into the following types:4.1.1 Type IA protector with the lens or lenses and framefrontpiece molded as one unit. Frame temples or other devices,such as str

30、aps, to affix the lens/frontpiece may be separatepieces.4.1.2 Type IIA protector with a single lens or lenses,either plano or prescription, mounted in a frame that wasmanufactured as a separate unit.4.1.3 Type IIIA protector without a lens.5. General Requirements5.1 Materials of Construction:5.1.1 T

31、he manufacturers choice of material shall be inaccordance with 5.1.2 and 5.1.3.5.1.2 Materials coming into contact with the wearers faceshall not be of a type known to cause skin irritation.5.1.3 Materials coming into contact with the wearers face,except replaceable padding, shall not undergo signif

32、icant lossof strength or flexibility, or other physical change as a result ofperspiration, oil, or grease from the wearers skin and hair.5.1.3.1 Manufacturer will provide material selection and, byaffidavit, support 5.1.1-5.1.3.5.1.4 CleanabilityProtective devices shall be capable ofbeing cleaned to

33、 the degree that when conditioned in accor-dance with the method described in 9.1, they shall remainfunctional in all ways.5.2 Finishes and ConstructionThe protector shall be con-structed in a manner to prevent the missile or components ofthe protector from contact with the eye of the headform whent

34、ested in accordance with Section 10.5.3 Straps are not required on eye protectors, provided theprotector passes the standard without straps.6. Performance Requirements6.1 Optical RequirementsType I and II Protectors:F27130926.1.1 Refractive TolerancesWhen tested in accordancewith 8.6, the spherical

35、power shall be in the range of +0.06diopters to 0.18 diopters.6.1.2 AstigmatismWhen tested in accordance with 8.5,the astigmatism shall not exceed 0.12 diopter.6.1.3 Power ImbalanceWhen tested in accordance with8.5, the power imbalance in corresponding meridians shall notexceed 0.18 diopters between

36、 the two eyes for straight-aheadseeing.6.1.4 PrismFor the primary viewing position of either eyeof a shield or pair of lenses, the prism deviation shall notexceed 0.50 prism diopters when tested in accordance with 8.3.6.1.5 Prism Imbalance:6.1.5.1 Vertical and Base-In0.25 prism diopters.6.1.5.2 Base

37、-Out0.50 prism diopters.6.1.6 Luminous TransmittanceWhen tested in accordancewith 8.2, protectors shall have a luminous transmittance of notless than 85 % for a clear device and not less than 20 % fortinted devices. Additionally, the difference in values as wouldbe viewed by the two eyes through a s

38、ingle protector as wornshall not exceed 0.9 to 1.1 times the other value (measured atthe design line of sight) unless specifically prescribed by anophthalmic professional.6.1.7 Ultraviolet TransmittanceUVB (290315 nm), clearprotectors, 5 % maximum, sunglass types, 1 % maximum.UVA(315380 nm), clear p

39、rotectors, 50 % maximum, sunglasstypes, 0.5 luminous transmittance.6.1.8 HazeWhen tested in accordance with 8.4, the hazein the protector shall not exceed 3 %.6.1.9 Lenses that exhibit any distortion or doubling of theimage during the test for refractive power or prism shall befurther tested in acco

40、rdance with 8.1.6.1.10 Optical QualityWithin the central viewing zone,striae warpage, surface ripples, lenticulations, or abrupt opticalchanges that are visible under the test conditions of 8.1 and thatwould impair the function of the lens shall be cause forrejection. Visual impairment is defined by

41、 the scanning andfocimeter test of 8.1.6.1.11 Surface and Internal DefectsPits, scratches,bubbles, grayness, specks, cracks, and water marks that arevisible under the test conditions of 8.6 and that would impairthe function of the lens shall be a cause for rejection. Graynessshould be evaluated by t

42、he requirements of 6.1.6.6.2 Mechanical Requirements:6.2.1 No contact with the eye of the headform shall bepermitted when tested in accordance with Section 10.6.2.2 When tested in accordance with Section 10, displacedfragments or complete fracture of any components of the eyeprotector excluding padd

43、ing constitutes a failure.6.2.3 When tested in accordance with Section 10, anydisplacement of the lens from the frame and that contacts theeye, constitutes a failure.6.2.4 A protector that is dislodged from the test headformwhen tested in accordance with Section 10 shall not constitutea failure, pro

44、vided all of the above mechanical requirementsare met.7. Sample Preparation7.1 Only new and complete eye protectors as offered forsale shall be tested.7.2 Protectors shall be conditioned and tested at two tem-peratures, 35 6 2C and 6 6 2C for a minimum of 4 h.TEST METHODS8. Optical Tests8.1 Optical

45、QualityLocalized power errors or aberrationsthat are detected by the visual inspection procedure of 8.1.1 arepermissible if no measurable or gross focimeter or telescopetarget distortion or blur is found when the localized area isexamined with an instrument as indicated in 8.1.2.8.1.1 Inspection Pro

46、cedureOne method of optical inspec-tion is to view a high-contrast grid pattern of dark and whitelines through the lens, scanning it area by area and moving itabout. The grid pattern should be at least 18 by 18 in. andconstructed of high contrast black lines on a white background(the white separatio

47、ns being equal to the black lines, both beingapproximately14 in. wide). The target should be at least 6 to 8ft from the observer, and the lens should be held at least 18 to24 in. from the eye.Any ripples in the lens detected by this testmethod should be further examined in accordance with 8.1.2.8.1.

48、2 The referee method of detecting optical defects andlocal aberrations is to scan the central viewing zone, especiallyareas of suspicion arising from the visual test of 8.1.1. The lensor shield should be scanned with a precision focimeter or an83 to 103 telescope using the targets and arrangementsde

49、scribed in 8.5.2. The aperture should be 5 to 7 mm for thisexamination. Areas outside the central viewing zone or within6 mm of the edge need not be tested. When the central viewingarea is scanned, there shall be no sudden jump, doubling, orblurring of the image greater than 0.08 diopters change inpower. Gradual variations in the central viewing zone shall bewithin the power imbalance tolerances. An optical focimeterwith electronic readout repeatable to 0.02 diopters is a satis-factory alternate method. These scanni