ASTM F2681-2008(2014) Standard Specification for Body Protectors Used in Equine Racing《赛马用身体保护装置的标准规格》.pdf

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1、Designation: F2681 08F2681 08 (Reapproved 2014) An American National StandardStandard Specification forBody Protectors Used in Equine Racing1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2681; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the c

2、ase of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONEquine racing is a sport with intrinsic hazards. It is recognized that serious injury or

3、death can resultfrom both low-energy and high-energy impacts, even when body protectors are worn. It is alsorecognized that body protection must be acceptable for the sport, the user, and to the regulatingassociations or agencies requiring their use. This specification has been developed with an emp

4、hasison providing comfortable, nonrestrictive impact protection in a lower weight garment. Injuries will notbe prevented by protective padding in accidents involving severe torsion, flexion or crushing of thebody. Acknowledging these limitations, this specification was developed using resources in t

5、hemedical, scientific, engineering, human factors, and biomedical fields, as well as resources fromequine competitors and professional Standardbred drivers and Thoroughbred jockeys. This specifi-cation draws from work done by others where appropriate for this specification, and these standardsmay be

6、 referenced. It should be noted that this specification specifies a laboratory test of a completedbody protectors ability to reduce impacts.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers minimum performance criteria and describes test methods for body protectors for use in equineracing in a controlled enviro

7、nment.NOTE 1It is recognized that it is not possible to write a body protector performance standard that will result in products that can protect against alltypes of injury or death in an accident.1.2 It is not the intention of this specification to bar from consideration materials of improved quali

8、ty or performance not knownat time of development of this specification.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its

9、use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2F1446 Test Methods for Equipment and Procedures Used in Evaluating the Perfo

10、rmance Characteristics of Protective Headgear2.2 BSI Standards:3EN 13158:2000 Protective clothing protective jackets, body and shoulder protectors for horse riders Requirements and testmethods2.3 SAE Standards4SAE J211 Recommended Practice for Instrumentation for Impact Tests Requirements for Channe

11、l Class 10001 This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F08 on Sports Equipment, Playing Surfaces, and Facilities and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee F08.55 on Body Padding.Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2008June 1, 2014. Published September 2008September 2014. Ori

12、ginally approved in 2008. Last previous edition approved in 2008 asF2681 08. DOI: 10.1520/F2681-08.10.1520/F2681-08R14.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer t

13、o the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 Available from British Standards Institute (BSI), 389 Chiswick High Rd., London W4 4AL, U.K., http:/www.bsi-.4 Available from Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), 400 Commonwealth Dr., Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, http:/www.sae.org.This doc

14、ument is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as

15、 appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This

16、Standard:3.1.1 In addition to terms defined in Test Methods F1446, the following terms are specific to this specification.3.1.2 body protector, nsleeveless garment covering defined areas of the torso and lower back and consisting of one or morelayers of material and designed to reduce trauma from im

17、pacts and falls.3.1.3 calibration impact surface, nflat modular elastomer programmer (MEP), as specified in Test Methods F1446.3.1.4 equine racing, nany event or activity on a flat dirt, grass, or synthetic surface track that emphasizes the horses andriders or drivers ability to complete a designate

18、d distance or course in as short a time as possible (for example, Standardbred,Thoroughbred, and Quarter Horse racing).3.1.5 impact surface, nflat anvil, as specified in the Apparatus section of Test Methods F1446, used as the impact surface forthe shock attenuation test (see 7.2).3.1.6 padding, nan

19、y material or structure designed to absorb or distribute, or both, impact energy.3.1.7 spherical impactor, nspherical impactor, as specified in Test Methods F1446, used for the impact attenuation systemcheck (see 10.1) and impact test procedures (see 11.2).4. Materials and Manufacture4.1 Materials:4

20、.1.1 All materials used in the fabrication of the body protector shall be known as suitable for the intended application. Allpadding materials used in the body protector shall not permanently distort during an exposure of at least 4 h to any temperaturein the range from -15 6 2 to 40 6 2C, nor shall

21、 the material be significantly affected by exposure to ultraviolet radiation, water,dirt, or vibration.4.1.2 Materials coming into contact with the wearers skin shall not be a type known to cause skin irritation or diseases. Thesematerials shall not undergo significant loss of strength, flexibility,

22、 or other physical change as a result of contact with perspirationor body oil. Any material used in the construction of body protectors shall not be adversely affected by ordinary household soapand water, mild household detergent, or cleaners recommended by the manufacturer.4.1.3 Adhesive materials

23、used to attach padding or straps to the body protector shall be of a formulation that will not alter thechemical or physical properties of the materials to an extent as to reduce their protective qualities.4.1.4 The manufacturer of the body protector shall provide written documentation to the testin

24、g laboratory indicating that thematerials used in the body protector fulfill the requirements of 4.1.1 4.1.3.4.2 Body Protector Assembly:4.2.1 Any optional devices provided by the manufacturer of the body protector and fitted to the body protector shall be sodesigned that they are unlikely to cause

25、any injury to the wearer or other participants during contact. If the manufacturer providesoptional devices then the body protector shall be tested with the optional devices fitted to the body protector.4.2.2 Any unfaired projection extending more than 7 mm from the body protector outer surface shal

26、l break away or collapsewhen impacted with forces equivalent to those produced by the impact tests described in 11.2 of this specification. There shall beno fixture on the inner surface of the body protector projecting more than 2 mm from the inner surface of the body protector towardthe wearers bod

27、y.4.3 Extent and Form of PaddingThe coverage of the body protector listed in Section 6 shall be capable of being evaluatedaccording to 11.2 and shall meet the impact requirements of Section 5. The extent of coverage shall include at least all of thedesignated areas shown in Fig. 1.NOTE 2The body pro

28、tector may have reduced padding thickness over the shoulder, and it does not require padding in areas outside the test areadefined in Fig. 1.4.4 AttachmentsThe components of the fasteners for securing attachments to the body protector shall not reduce the impactattenuation properties of the body pro

29、tector.5. Performance Requirements5.1 GeneralBody protectors shall be capable of meeting the requirements in this specification throughout their full range ofadjustment.5.2 When tested in accordance with 11.1, the force to separate any closures shall not be less than 50 N. This requirement shallbe m

30、et at ambient temperature 21 6 3C and at a relative humidity of 50 6 15 %.5.3 The velocity of any test impact shall be 3.15 m/s 6 2%. The peak acceleration of any test impact shall not exceed 300 g,when conditioned as described in 9.1 and when tested in accordance with 11.2.6. Dimensioning, Sizing a

31、nd Body Coverage6.1 The whole circumference of the torso shall be covered by the body protector.F2681 08 (2014)26.2 All measurements shall be taken from the edge of the padding material to the edge of the padding material as designatedin 6.3. The outer material that holds the padding material shall

32、not be considered to be padding material.6.3 DimensioningBody protectors shall have dimensions as shown in Fig. 1. DimensionAshall be the mid-value of the rangeof the chest circumference, in centimetres, that the manufacturer states the body protector will fit. Dimension B shall be reportedin centim

33、etres and defined by the following equation:B520.011!A212.66A265.56 (1)which represents the mathematically calculated anthropometric mean for the waist to waist over the shoulder length for chestsizes of 53 to 122 cm.6.3.1 Four vertical reference lines, as defined in EN 13158:2000, are to be used: C

34、 and C separated by 25% of Dimension Aon the chest, and D and D separated by 25% of Dimension A on the back.6.3.2 The padding shall extend for more than 30% of Dimension B along the lines C and C (C in Fig. 1).6.3.3 The padding shall extend for more than 45% of Dimension B along the lines D and D (D

35、 in Fig. 1).6.3.4 The padding shall extend for a length greater than 25% of Dimension B in the center front (E in Fig. 1).6.3.5 The armhole circumference shall be measured by placing the armhole opening over the test device shown in Fig. 2. Thepoint at which the armhole opening circumference contact

36、s the cone measurement device at all points around the circumferenceof the armhole shall be considered to be the armhole circumference. The circumference of the armhole shall be less than 70% ofDimension A (F in Fig. 1).6.3.6 The minimum width of padding across the back between the armholes shall be

37、 more than 30% of DimensionA(G in Fig.1).6.3.7 The minimum width of padding across the chest between the armholes shall be more than 20% of DimensionA(H in Fig.1).6.3.8 The maximum vertical dimension (depth) of the front neck opening shall be less than 15% of Dimension B (I in Fig. 1).6.3.9 The maxi

38、mum vertical dimension (depth) of the back neck opening shall be less than 10% of Dimension B (J in Fig. 1).6.3.10 The test area shall consist of the area bounded by dimensions A, C, C, D and D as shown in Fig. 1.7. Apparatus7.1 Dimensioning, Sizing and CoverageThe apparatus for the dimensioning, si

39、zing and coverage evaluation shall include:7.1.1 Cloth Tape Measure, metric, capable of reporting measurements to the nearest 0.1 cm.7.1.2 Armhole Circumference Measurement Device, shown in Fig. 2. The armhole circumference measurement device shall befabricated from any material that will not signif

40、icantly degrade over time. Suitable materials include plastic, metal or wood.7.2 Shock Attenuation TestThe apparatus for the shock attenuation test shall consist of the following:FIG. 1 Dimensional Coverage RequirementsF2681 08 (2014)37.2.1 Guide AssemblyThe spherical impactor shall be attached to t

41、he free fall drop assembly carriage by an adjustablemounting that will allow impacts to be delivered to any point of the body protector within the area designated by 6.3, providedthat the center of any impact is not less than 50 mm from any padding edge, and at least 100 mm from any prior impact cen

42、ter.The carriage shall be free to slide on vertical guides. If wires are used, they shall be placed under at least 845 N tension. The guideassembly shall not weigh more than 1.100 kg. The total weight of the guide assembly and spherical impactor shall be 5.0 6 0.1 kg.7.2.2 Recording EquipmentThe rec

43、ording equipment shall meet the following criteria:7.2.2.1 Acceleration TransducerAlinear accelerometer shall be mounted at the center of gravity of the spherical impactor andcarriage assembly with the sensitive axis aligned to within 5 of the vertical when the spherical impactor is in the impact po

44、sition.The transducer shall be capable of withstanding a shock of 1000 g without damage and shall have a frequency response (variation6 1.5%) from 5 to 900 Hz.7.2.2.2 Impact RecordingThe impact shall be recorded using digital data processing equipment that complies with therequirements of SAE J211.

45、The minimum sampling rate shall not be less than 10 kHz, and the resolution shall be not less than12 bits (including sign).7.2.2.3 Signal FilteringAnalog or digital filtering of the acceleration data channel shall comply with the requirements of SAEJ211.7.2.3 Closure Test EquipmentThe closure test e

46、quipment shall consist of a force gauge capable of measuring up to 100 Nwithout damage to the device. The force gauge shall have an accuracy of 65% and be capable of reporting force to the nearest1 N.8. Sampling and Test Schedule8.1 A total of four specimens of each size of the protector model shall

47、 be submitted for testing. The ambient sample shall betested for dimensioning, sizing, and body coverage prior to closure testing. Upon completion of closure testing, the ambient sampleshall be subjected to impact attenuation testing. A summary of the sampling and test schedule appears in Table 1.9.

48、 Conditioning9.1 Prior to testing, condition one body protector apiece in each of the following four ways:9.1.1 Ambient TemperatureCondition one body protector for a period of not less than 4 h at laboratory conditions at atemperature of 21 6 3C and a relative humidity of 50 6 15%. Record the temper

49、ature to the nearest degree and the relativehumidity to the nearest percent at the time of testing on the report form for each test series.9.1.2 Low TemperatureCondition the second body protector by exposing it to a temperature of -15 6 3C for not less than4 h nor more than 24 h in a mechanically cooled apparatus.9.1.3 High TemperatureCondition the third body protector by exposing it to a temperature of 50 6 3C for not less than 4h nor more than 24 h.FIG. 2 Armhole Circumference Measurement DeviceF2681 08 (2014)49.1