ASTM F2507-2005(2010) Standard Specification for Recreational Airpark Design《休闲小型机场设计的标准规范》.pdf

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1、Designation: F2507 05 (Reapproved 2010)Standard Specification forRecreational Airpark Design1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2507; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A nu

2、mber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers the minimum requirements forthe design of a recreational airpark intended to service anyaircraft with stall spe

3、eds (Vs1) of 45 knots or less. Theseaircraft include but are not limited to, standard categoryaircraft, light sport aircraft, ultralights, microlights, and ad-vanced ultralights1.2 Recreational airparks are designed for daylight opera-tions from 60 min before official sunrise to 60 min after officia

4、lsunset.1.3 Recreational Airparks may provide commercial servicesin support of the recreational operation of light sport aircraft,including, but not limited to: flight instruction, introductoryflights, aircraft rental, glider towing, and maintenance services.1.4 This standard does not purport to add

5、ress all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D4814 Specifi

6、cation for Automotive Spark-Ignition EngineFuelD6227 Specification for Grades UL82 and UL87 UnleadedAviation GasolineF2317/F2317M Specification for Design of Weight-Shift-Control AircraftF2352 Specification for Design and Performance of LightSport Gyroplane AircraftF2244 Specification for Design and

7、 Performance Require-ments for Powered Parachute AircraftF2245 Specification for Design and Performance of a LightSport Airplane2.2 FAA Standards:3FAA Form 7480-1 Notice of Landing Area ProposalFAR Part 157 Notification of Construction, Alteration, Ac-tivation, and Deactivation of Airports2.3 NFPA S

8、tandard:4NFPA Standard No. 30 Flammable and Combustible Liq-uids Code3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 airport elevationhighest point on an airports usablerunway.3.1.2 civil aviation authority (CAA)government whichhas regulatory oversight for aircraft operations/safety in thecountry which the airp

9、ort is located; for example, United States Federal Aviation Administration.3.1.3 NFPANational Fire Protection Association.3.1.4 runway protection zone (RPZ)area off the runwayend to enhance the protection of people and property on theground.3.1.5 runway safety area (RSA)defined surface surround-ing

10、the runway prepared or suitable for reducing the risk ofdamage to aircraft in the event of an undershoot, overshoot orexcursion from the runway also know as a RPZ or runwayprotection zone.3.1.6 taxiway (TW)defined path established for the taxi-ing of aircraft from one part of an airpark to another.3

11、.1.7 taxiway safety area (TSA)defined surface alongsidethe taxiway prepared or suitable for reducing the risk ofdamage to an aircraft unintentionally departing the taxiway.3.1.7.1 DiscussionDepressions such as swales are allow-able.3.1.8 threshold (TH)beginning of that portion of therunway available

12、 for landing.4. Significance of Use4.1 The purpose of this specification is to establish mini-mum standards for an airpark on which light aircraft designed1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F37 on LightSport Aircraft and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F37.7

13、0 on CrossCutting.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2010. Published March 2011. Originallyapproved in 2005. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as F2507 05. DOI:10.1520/F2507-05R10.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.

14、org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), 800 IndependenceAve., SW, Washington, DC 20591.4Available from National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), 1 BatterymarchP

15、ark, Quincy, MA 02269-9101.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.in accordance with Specifications F2317/F2317M, F2352,F2244, F2245, and other similar aircraft may safely operate.5. Site Requirements5.1 GeneralAn airpark si

16、te should take into considerationthe need to ensure safe approaches and departures of aircraft.5.1.1 Each facility shall have a means by which a person cancontact an appropriate authority in case of an emergency. Oneexample would be a public phone.5.1.2 Each facility shall have a functioning wind so

17、ck.5.1.3 The grading of the airport shall be such that allshoulders and slopes drain away from runways, taxiways, andall paved areas.5.1.4 An airport should have smooth, well drained opera-tional areas with sufficient stability to permit the safe move-ment of recreational aircraft.5.1.5 U.S. Federal

18、 RequirementsNotification of the intentto establish an airpark is required under the provisions of FARPart 157. FAA Form 7480-1, which is used to provide thisnotice (as well as guidance in its preparation), is available fromany FAA Regional Airports Division or Airports District/FieldOffice.5.1.6 Lo

19、cal RequirementsMost communities have estab-lished zoning laws, building codes, fire regulations, and otherlegal requirements to provide for the safety and comfort of thecitizenry. A thorough study of these requirements should bemade to determine their effect on the establishment andoperation of an

20、airpark.6. Airpark Geometry6.1 Runway location and orientation are important to airportsafety, efficiency, economics, and environmental impact. Theweight and degree of concern given to each of the followingfactors depend, in part, on: the meteorological conditions; thesurrounding environment; topogr

21、aphy; and the volume of airtraffic expected at the airpark.6.2 WindAppendix X1 provides information on wind dataanalysis for airport planning and design. Such an analysisconsiders the wind velocity and direction as related to theexisting and forecasted operations. It may also consider windby time of

22、 day.6.3 Airspace AvailabilityCheck with the respective CivilAviation Authority to ensure the airpark location will notinterfere with existing and planned approach and departureprocedures, control zones, special use airspace, restrictedairspace, and traffic patterns currently established for otherav

23、iation facilities.6.4 Obstructions to Air NavigationAn obstruction surveyshould identify those objects that may affect aircraft opera-tions. Approaches free of obstructions are desirable and en-couraged, but as a minimum, locate and orient runways toensure that the approach areas associated with the

24、 ultimatedevelopment of the airport are clear of hazards to air naviga-tion.6.5 Wildlife HazardsIn orienting runways, consider therelative locations of bird sanctuaries, sanitary landfills, or otherareas that may attract large numbers of birds or wildlife.7. Runway Design and Marking7.1 Runway Dimen

25、sions:7.1.1 Airparks Supporting Light Sport Airplanes, Weight-Shift, or Gyroplane Aircraft, or a Combination Thereof:7.1.1.1 Minimum length (LR) is to be twice the demon-strated or published minimum landing distance of the aircraftto be served or 275 m (902 ft) at sea level, whichever is greater.Run

26、way lengths above sea level should be increased at a rateof 25 m (82 ft) per 300 m (984 ft) of airport elevation. Runwaylength is measured from threshold to threshold. See Fig. 1.7.1.1.2 Width shall be a minimum of 10 m (33 ft) forunpaved runways and a minimum of 6 m (19.7 ft) for pavedrunways.7.1.1

27、.3 A minimum runway safety area 10 m (33 ft) eachside of the centerline extended 75 m (246 ft) past each runwaythreshold shall be established.7.1.1.4 Except for runway and navigational markings, nostructure, trees, road, or designated aircraft parking area shouldbe located within the runway safety a

28、rea.7.1.1.5 For approach end of runways, a runway protectionzone shall be maintained clear of obstruction in accordancewith the following description:(1) No object should penetrate a surface that starts at theedge of the threshold and at the elevation of the runwaycenterline at the threshold and slo

29、pes upward at a slope 15(horizontal) to 1 (vertical). See Fig. 2.7.1.1.6 In the plan view, the centerline of this surfaceextends 1000 m (3280 ft) along the extended runway centerlinestarting at the end of the runway. This surface extends laterally16 m (52 ft) on each side of the runway centerline st

30、arting atthe end of runway and increases in width to 45 m (147 ft) at apoint 1000 m (3280 ft) from the end of the runway. See Fig. 2.7.1.2 Powered Parachute Designated Landing Area (seeFig. 3):7.1.2.1 Airparks establishing a separate landing area forpowered parachutes shall designate a circular land

31、ing area witha minimum radius of 45 m (147 ft). See Fig. 3.7.1.2.2 A safety area with a radius of a minimum of 76 m(249 ft) shall be established. See Fig. 3.7.1.2.3 In cases where 95 % or greater of the daytimeprevailing winds occur within a 60 degree arc or the inverse ofthat arc, or both, the cros

32、swind segment of both the landingarea and safety area may be reduced. The reduced width ismeasured as a width either side of a straight line drawn in thecenter of the 60 degree arc of 26 m (85 ft) for the landing areaand 44 m (144 ft) for the safety area. See Fig. 4.7.1.2.4 Except for runway and nav

33、igational marking, nostructure, trees, road, or designated aircraft parking area shouldbe located within the runway safety area.7.1.2.5 The designated landing area for powered parachutesmay overlap a runway as described in 7.1, where an airparkoperator wishes to support both types of aircraft on the

34、 samelanding surfaces.7.1.2.6 If prevailing winds allow and an airpark owner sodesignates, the airpark may support powered parachute landingtraffic on a runway in place of a powered parachute landingarea.F2507 05 (2010)27.2 Runways should be marked with white paint or whitecolored break-off markers

35、such as plastic highway cones, orboth.7.3 Runways shall be clear and graded and have no poten-tially hazardous ruts, humps, depressions, or other surfacevariations.NOTENot to scaleFIG. 1 Runway LengthThresholdNOTENot to scaleFIG. 2 Safety AreasF2507 05 (2010)37.4 Runways shall be graded to divert su

36、rface water runoffoff the runway and into a drainage system.8. Taxiway Design and Marking8.1 GeneralAn airpark is not required to have taxiways. Iftaxiways are established, then the following minimum stan-dards shall be met.8.1.1 Each taxiway shall be at least 3 m (10 ft) wide.8.2 Each taxiway shall

37、 have a taxiway safety area of 10 m(33 ft) each side of the center line.8.3 Except for taxiway and navigational marking, no struc-ture, trees, or designated aircraft parking area should be locatedwithin the taxiway safety area.8.4 Taxiways should be marked with blue colored markerssuch as plastic hi

38、ghway cones or break-off markers.9. Threshold Sighting9.1 GeneralThe threshold should be located at the begin-ning of the marked runway surface. However, displacement ofthe threshold may be required when an object that obstructs theairspace required for landing aircraft is beyond the airportowners p

39、ower to remove, relocate, or lower. Thresholds mayalso be displaced for environmental considerations, such asnoise abatement.9.1.1 Displacement of a threshold reduces the length ofrunway available for landings. Depending on the reason fordisplacement of the threshold, the portion of the runway behin

40、da displaced threshold may be available for takeoffs in eitherdirection or landings from the opposite direction.10. Buildings and Airplane Parking10.1 GeneralBuildings or hangars, or both, are to beconstructed a minimum of 45 m (149 ft) from the runwaycenterline.10.2 An area to park automobiles shou

41、ld be provided.10.3 In addition to auto parking, parking should be providedthat facilitates the loading and unloading of trailered aircraft.NOTENot to scaleFIG. 3 Powered Parachute Landing AreaF2507 05 (2010)411. Traffic Patterns11.1 Airpark owners and operators are responsible forestablishing traff

42、ic patterns. In some cases, coordination withthe local civil aviation authority is also required.11.1.1 Light sport airplanes, weight-shift, and gyroplanesgenerally fly a rectangular pattern. Pattern altitude will typi-cally be 152.4 m (500 ft) or greater above the altitude of theairport.11.2 Powere

43、d parachute aircraft require patterns that allowan approach to landing that is as near as practical directly intothe wind.11.3 The airpark owner shall post a diagram and instructionsdescribing the local pattern in a conspicuous manner in aconspicuous location at or near the parking apron or airporto

44、ffice.12. Fuel and Fuel Storage12.1 GeneralThe majority of light sport aircraft are de-signed to use unleaded automotive type fuels complying withSpecifications D4814 and D6227, or other similar unleadedgasoline specifications.12.1.1 If fuel is provided at the airpark, all local fire,environmental,

45、and zoning regulations should be followed.NFPA Standard No. 30, Chapter 2, contains location andinstallation criteria for fuel storage tanks with respect to otherbuildings, property lines, and public ways.12.2 If a fueling facility is provided at the airpark, it isrecommended that the smallest tank

46、practical be used toprevent prolonged storage of unused gasoline.12.3 In calculating the size of tank used, an owner shouldconsider the number of based aircraft, the hours expected to flyin a given period, and the expected number of transient aircraftpurchasing fuel. Also, the tank must be large eno

47、ugh to receivea normal minimum fuel delivery offered by the local fueldistributor.12.4 Light sport aircraft have fuel capacities that typicallyrange between 5 and 20 U.S. gallons. Facilities should bedesigned with this low volume in mind.NOTENot to scaleFIG. 4 Powered Parachute Landing AreaF2507 05

48、(2010)512.5 Fuel storage facilities are required to be placed in alocation outside of the runway and taxiway safety areas.13. Keywords13.1 airpark; airplane; airport; glider; gyroplane; light sportaircraft; powered parachute aircraft; recreational airpark; run-ways; taxiway; trike; weight shift airc

49、raftAPPENDIX(Nonmandatory Information)X1. GUIDANCE ON DETERMINING RUNWAY ORIENTATIONX1.1 This appendix provides guidance on the assembly andanalysis of wind data to determine runway orientation. It alsoprovides guidance on analyzing the operational impact ofwinds on existing runways. (This information does not applyfor the round runway configuration.)X1.1.1 A factor influencing runway orientation and numberof runways is wind. Ideally, a runway should be aligned withthe prevailing wind. Wind conditions affect all aircraft invarying degrees. Generally