ASTM F2276-2005 Standard Specification for Fitness Equipment《健身器材的标准规范》.pdf

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1、Designation: F 2276 05An American National StandardStandard Specification forFitness Equipment1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 2276; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A

2、 number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThe goal of this specification is to promote proper design and manufacturing practices for stationaryfitness equipment. Through these

3、 specifications this standard aims to assist designers and manufac-turers in producing functional, safe products under proper operations. This standard specifies safetyrequirements that are generally applicable to all stationary fitness equipment. For specific types offitness equipment, these requir

4、ements may be supplemented or modified by the requirements ofspecific standards that have been issued to cover these specific types or groups of fitness products.Where specific standards exist, this standard should be used in conjunction with the other standards.Special care is required in applying

5、this standard alone to equipment for which no specific standardexists.The equipment user must recognize, however, that a standard alone will not necessarily preventinjuries. Like other physical activities, exercise involving fitness equipment involves the risk of injury,particularly if the equipment

6、 is used improperly.1. Scope1.1 This specification establishes parameters for the designand manufacture of fitness equipment as defined in 3.1.8.1.2 It is the intent of this specification to specify productsfor use by individuals age 12 and above.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded

7、as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine t

8、he applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2F 1749 Specification for Fitness Equipment and FitnessFacility Safety Signage and Labels2.2 European StandardsEN 9571 Stationary Training Equipment-Part 1: GeneralSafety Requirements and Test Methods3

9、3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 accessible area, narea accessible to the user or thirdparty when the equipment is in normal use, during setting up,grasping, or adjusting of equipment or position of the body.This does not include areas that are accessible during

10、 the initialassembly.3.1.2 applied handgrips, nhandgrip that is formed,molded, or attached to a support, component, or structure.3.1.3 consumer fitness equipment, nfitness equipment in-tended for use by one person or one family unit.3.1.4 corner, nintersection of three planes or surfaces ona single

11、component.3.1.5 edge, nintersection of two planes or surfaces on asingle component.3.1.6 entrapment, narea that captures and requires forcein excess of one pound to remove the test finger in EN 957-1.3.1.7 extrinsic loads, nall loads applied to the machine oruser means in addition to the users body

12、weight.3.1.8 fitness equipment, nmechanical device or hardwaredesigned for use in exercising specific or multiple muscles of1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F08 on SportsEquipment and Facilities and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F08.30 onFitness Products

13、.Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2005. Published January 2005. Originallyapproved in 2003. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as F 2276 03.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards v

14、olume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from CEN Management Centre, 36 rue de Stassart, B-1050, Brussels,Belgium.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.the body. Not to i

15、nclude toys used for recreation, jump ropes,outdoor or indoor playground equipment or facilities, bicyclesor other fitness soft goods such as gloves, belts, apparel, balls,and so forth.3.1.9 general warning label, nlabel designed within thescope of this specification and Specification F 1749 which i

16、saffixed to a portion of the fitness equipment and draws attentionto potential hazards associated with the use of that equipment.3.1.10 guard, ncover or enclosure that limits access to,without the use of tools, an otherwise accessible area.3.1.11 inaccessible area, narea inaccessible to the user oft

17、he machine but accessible to technicians or service personnel.3.1.12 institutional fitness equipment, nfitness equipmentintended for use by numerous persons in a commercial orinstitutional facility, as opposed to home environment.3.1.13 intregal handgrips, nhandgrips that are created by,coating, tex

18、turing or other means, the material of a componentor support structure.3.1.14 intrinsic loads, nthe loads applied to fitness equip-ment due only to the users body weight.3.1.15 maximum specified load, nmaximum working loadfor the machine as set by the manufacturer.3.1.16 maximum tension developed, n

19、maximum statictensile load experienced by a connector, fitting, rope, belt,chain, or other means, during use of the machine at themaximum specified load for the machine including all extrinsicloads.3.1.17 normal operation, nuse of the fitness equipment asdescribed in the manual or as is readily appa

20、rent from theintended use as fitness equipment.3.1.18 pinch point, nlocation between two moving com-ponents or the location between a moving and fixed componentthat, when entered, causes a portion of the body to becomeentrapped.3.1.19 pulley, n component that guides ropes or belts andredirects the f

21、orces of the rope or belt.3.1.20 pull in point, nlocation between two moving com-ponents, or the location between a moving and a fixedcomponent, that when entered causes a portion of the body tobe pulled into and entrapped between the components.3.1.21 range of movement, nspace in which the user orp

22、art of the user is moving when using the machine inaccordance to the instructions supplied by the manufacturer.3.1.22 resistance means, nfor the purpose of this specifi-cation, the device or system that, when varied by the user,increases or decreases the force encountered by the userthrough the user

23、 means. For the purpose of the specification,such means include weights, pneumatic cylinders, or electronicsystems and their controls.3.1.23 shear point, nlocation at which parts move pastone another or past a fixed point in such a manner that, whenentered, causes a portion of the body to become ent

24、rapped in ascissors action between the components.3.1.24 site specific label, nlabel designed within the scopeof this specification and Specification F 1749 which is affixedto a portion of the strength equipment and draws attention to apotential hazard in the immediate area of the label.3.1.25 stati

25、onary training equipment, nequipment that isused to exercise or to train muscles or muscle groups that doesnot travel or move across the ground as a unit during use.3.1.26 third party, nsomeone other than the user who is inthe immediate area of the fitness equipment when it is in use.4. Design and C

26、onstruction Requirements4.1 Stability:4.1.1 Fitness equipment shall be stable while in storage,unloaded, and in the intrinsically and extrinsically loaded useconditions.4.2 Support:4.2.1 Fitness equipment shall support the user and anyadditional loads applied by the user in normal operationwithout b

27、reakage. Examples include: seats, foot rests, back-rests, etc.4.3 Edges, Corners, and Tube Ends:4.3.1 EdgesAll edges in accessible areas shall be free ofburrs and sharp edges.4.3.2 CornersAll corners in accessible areas shall beradiused or chamfered.4.3.3 Tube EndsTube ends in the exposed accessible

28、 areasshall be closed off either by other components or by plugs.Plugs shall remain in place during normal operation andstorage.4.4 Moving Parts in Accessible Areas:4.4.1 Rotating and Reciprocating PointsThe distance be-tween movable components or between a movable and a fixedcomponent shall be at l

29、east 60 mm (2.36 in.) except as follows:4.4.1.1 If only the fingers are at risk, the dimension shall notbe less than 25 mm (0.98 in.).4.4.1.2 If the distance between the moving part and a rigidpart, or between two moving parts, does not change during useor setup, the distance shall be greater than 2

30、5 mm (0.98 in.) orless than 9.5 mm (0.37 in.).4.4.1.3 Open and obvious stops are excluded. However, ifthe stop is physically part of the moving user means, then itshall pass no closer than 25 mm (0.98 in.) to any fixed framemembers throughout its range of travel.5. Guarding, Enclosures, and Spacing5

31、.1 Squeeze, Shear, and Crush PointsSqueeze, shear, andcrush points between moving components, between movingcomponents and fixed components, or between a movingcomponent and the floor shall be guarded. If the function of thefitness equipment does not allow guarding, then the minimumclearance shall b

32、e 60 mm (2.36 in.) except as follows.5.1.1 If only the fingers are at risk the dimension shall not beless than 25 mm (0.98 in.).5.1.2 If third party access is prevented by the users bodyposition, and where the user is able to immediately stop themovement, the distance shall not be less than 25 mm (0

33、.98 in.).5.1.3 Open and obvious stops are excluded. However, if thestop is physically part of the moving user means, then it shallpass no closer than 25 mm (0.98 in.) to any fixed framemembers throughout its range of travel.F22760525.2 Adjustment and Locking MeansAll adjustment andlocking means shal

34、l function securely at all adjustment posi-tions. The possibility of inadvertent disengagement shall bereduced by spring retention, clamps, or other means.5.2.1 Adjustment knobs and levers shall not interfere withthe users range of movement.5.3 Handgrips/Foot Support:5.3.1 Integral HandgripsIntegral

35、 handgrips, if requiredfor proper use as defined by the manufacturer, shall beconspicuous and shall reduce slippage during normal use.5.3.2 Applied HandgripsApplied handgrips shall be of amaterial that reduces slippage and shall withstand an appliedforce of 90 N (20.2 lb) without movement in the dir

36、ection ofthe applied force.5.3.3 Rotating HandgripsRotating handgrips shall beconstrained against lateral movement along their rotational axisand be constructed of a material that reduces slippage.5.3.4 Foot SupportBars or plates designed to support theusers feet during exercise shall be fitted with

37、 or be of amaterial or surface type or configuration that reduces slippage.5.4 Load Development and Transmitting Components:5.4.1 Ropes, Belts, Chains, and Other MeansIncluding allattachment devices (links, shackles, end fittings, and termina-tion means) shall not fail with a load equal to six times

38、 themaximum static tension developed by the machine duringnormal operation.5.4.2 Chain or Gear DrivesChain or gear drives onfitness equipment shall be guarded. Pull in points created bychain and gear drives shall not be contacted by the test fingerin EN 957-1.5.5 Loading:5.5.1 Intrinsic LoadingAll u

39、ser supporting surfaces forconsumer and institutional fitness equipment shall be able towithstand a single static load equal to a loading factor times thegreater of 135 kg (300 lb), or the maximum specified userweight, as set forth by the manufacturer, at the point of usercontact without breakage or

40、 permanent deformation. Theloading factor stated above shall be 2.5 for consumer fitnessequipment and 4 for institutional fitness equipment.5.5.2 Extrinsic LoadingThe fitness equipment and usersupports shall not break or exhibit permanent deformationwhen loaded by a maximum specified user weight per

41、son andthe maximum extrinsic load as specified by the manufacturer.5.5.2.1 The test load to be applied for 5.5.2 is specified bythe following equation:Ftest5 Wp1 1.5Fa# S (1)where:Ftest= the total reactionary load to be applied during thetest, expressed in kilograms or pounds dependingon factor S an

42、d the values Wpand Fa,Fa= the maximum user applied load at the point of usercontact with the machine for the maximum capacityof the machine as stated by the manufacturer,expressed in kilograms or pounds,Wp= the proportionate amount of the users body weightbeing applied to the machine component being

43、tested. This value is to be expressed as the propor-tionate amount of either 135 kg (300 lb) or themaximum user weight as specified by the manufac-turer, whichever is greater,1.5 = dynamic coefficient, andS = factor of safety. This shall be 4 for institutionalfitness equipment and shall be 2.5 for c

44、onsumerfitness equipment.5.5.2.2 Extrinsic loads calculated in 5.5.2.1 are to be appliedto all machine components receiving extrinsic loads fromoperation of the machine according to the manufacturersoperating instructions. Examples of areas to conduct thistesting include seats and lifting arms.5.5.3

45、 Endurance LoadingThe components of fitnessequipment that provide a resistance means and the componentsthat transmit that load shall not fail when cycled as intended bythe manufacturer at maximum user load for a minimum of80 % of the range. The number of cycles shall be a minimumequivalent to 20 min

46、 of exercise, times three times per week,times 52 weeks, times a safety factor of two. For example, ifthe fitness equipment is used for 60 cycles during a normal 20min exercise regime as specified by the manufacturer, the cycletest would require a minimum of 60 by 3 by 52 by 2 whichequals 18 720 cyc

47、les. As a minimum, institutional fitnessequipment shall withstand 250 000 cycles at the maximumspecified load over a minimum of 80 % of the possible range ofmovement and consumer fitness equipment shall withstand14 000 cycles at the maximum specified load over a minimumof 80 % of the possible range

48、of movement.5.5.3.1 When the equipment consists of two or more sepa-rate functional units or exercise stations, each station shallwithstand the endurance load test. When more than onefunction is to be tested, any common components (ropes, belts,selector pins, pulleys, and so forth) may be replaced p

49、rior tocommencing the next test.5.5.3.2 Fitness equipment may have several exercise sta-tions sharing a common frame. In this case, the frame shallwithstand 500 000 cycles for institutional fitness equipmentand 28 000 cycles for consumer fitness equipment. The framemay be replaced during the test period if the number of stationsto be tested causes the frame to experience cycles in excess ofthe numbers stated above.5.5.3.3 Tests for endurance shall apply loads to the machinein the same manner that the machine is loaded when it isoperated