ASTM F404-2008 Standard Consumer Safety Specification for High Chairs《儿童高脚椅安规》.pdf

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1、Designation: F 404 08Standard Consumer Safety Specification forHigh Chairs1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 404; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parenthese

2、s indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThis consumer safety specification addresses high chair incidents that were identified by the U.S.Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC).CPSC identified

3、 injuries to children associated with tray disengagement, falls resulting whenchildren stood up on the seat of a high chair, entrapment between the tray and the seat, and tipover.By far the most common injury resulted from children falling when they were able to stand up on theseat of the high chair

4、 because they were not secured by the restraining system. In response to theincident data developed by the Commission, this consumer safety performance specification attemptsto minimize the above listed problems.This consumer safety performance specification does not cover high chairs that are eithe

5、r blatantlymisused or are used in a careless manner that disregards the warnings and safety instructions that areprovided with each high chair.This consumer safety performance specification is written within the current state-of-the-art of highchair technology. It is intended that this specification

6、 will be updated whenever substantiveinformation becomes available that necessitates additional requirements or justifies the revision ofexisting requirements.1. Scope1.1 This consumer safety specification covers the perfor-mance requirements and methods of test to ensure the satis-factory performan

7、ce of the high chair.1.2 This consumer safety specification is intended to mini-mize injuries to children resulting from normal usage andreasonably foreseeable misuse or abuse of high chairs.NOTE 1This consumer safety specification is not intended to addressaccidents and injuries resulting from the

8、interaction of older children withchildren in the high chair or the accidents resulting from abuse and misuseby persons over three years of age.1.3 For purposes of this consumer safety specification, ahigh chair is a free standing chair that elevates a child tostandard dining table height. The high

9、chair is made for thepurpose of holding a child, up to 3 years of age, who canremain in a sitting position due to the childs own coordination,and normally for the purposes of feeding or eating.Ahigh chairmay be height adjustable and include a reclined position forinfants not able to remain in a sitt

10、ing position due to the childsown coordination.1.4 No high chair produced after the approval date of thisconsumer safety specification shall, either by label or othermeans, indicate compliance with this specification unless itconforms to all requirements contained herein.1.5 The values stated in inc

11、h-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.6 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to thetest methods portion, Section 7, of this specification

12、: Thisstandard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the userof this standard to establish appropriate safety and healthpractices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-tions prior to use.2. Referenced Docume

13、nts2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 3359 Test Methods for Measuring Adhesion by Tape TestF 833 Consumer Safety Performance Specification for Car-riages and StrollersF 963 Consumer Safety Specification for Toy Safety1This consumer safety specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Commit-tee F15 on Consumer

14、 Products and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeF15.16 on Highchairs, Hook-On Chairs and Expandable Gates.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2008. Published February 2009. Originallyapproved in 1975. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as F 404 07.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the

15、 ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, U

16、nited States.2.2 Federal Regulations:316 CFR 1303 Ban of Lead-Containing Paint and CertainConsumer Products Bearing Lead-Containing Paint16 CFR 1500 Hazardous Substances Act Regulations In-cluding Sections:16 CFR 1500.48 Technical Requirements for Determining aSharp Point in Toys or Other Articles I

17、ntended for Use byChildren Under Eight Years of Age16 CFR 1500.49 Technical Requirements for Determining aSharp Metal or Glass Edge in Toys or Other ArticlesIntended for Use by Children Under Eight Years of Age16 CFR 1501 Method for Identifying Toys and OtherArticles Intended for Use by Children Und

18、er Three Yearsof Age Which Present Choking, Aspiration, or IngestionHazards Because of Small Parts3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 conspicuous, adjlabel that is visible, when the highchair is in a manufacturers recommended use position, to aperson standing near

19、the high chair at any one position aroundthe high chair but not necessarily visible from all positions.3.1.2 double action release mechanism, nmechanism re-quiring either two consecutive actions, the first of which mustbe maintained while the second is carried out or two separateand independent sing

20、le action locking mechanisms that mustbe activated simultaneously to fully release the tray.3.1.3 fabric, nany woven, knit, coated, laminated, ex-truded, or calendared flexible material which is intended to besewn, welded, heat sealed, or glued together as an assembly.3.1.4 latch release surface, na

21、ny surface on the tray latchrelease mechanism that results in the tray releasing from itsadjustment position when a force is applied perpendicular tothat surface.3.1.5 manufacturers recommended use position, nanyposition that is presented as a normal, allowable, or acceptableconfiguration for the us

22、e of the product by the manufacturer inany descriptive or instructional literature. This specificallyexcludes positions which the manufacturer shows in a likemanner in its literature to be unacceptable, unsafe, or notrecommended.3.1.6 nonpaper label, nany label material (such as plasticor metal) tha

23、t either will not tear without the aid of tools ortears leaving a sharply defined edge or labels made from fabric.3.1.7 occupant, nthat individual who is in a product inone of the manufacturers recommended use positions.3.1.8 paper label, nany label material (except fabric) thattears without the aid

24、 of tools and leaves a fibrous edge.3.1.9 permanent (label/warning attachment), n:3.1.9.1 labels not attached by a seam(1) a nonpaper labelor decal shall be considered permanent if, during an attempt tomanually remove it without the aid of tools or solvents, itcannot be removed or such action damage

25、s the surface towhich it is attached; (2) a paper label shall be consideredpermanent if, during an attempt to remove it without the aid oftools or solvents, it cannot be removed, it tears upon removalor such action damages the surface to which it is attached.3.1.9.2 labels attached by a seamlabel at

26、tached by a seamshall be considered permanent if it complies with the require-ments of 7.9 and does not tear, yielding a separate part, duringthe test.3.1.9.3 warning statementswarning statements applied di-rectly onto the surface of the product by hot stamping, heattransfer, printing or wood burnin

27、g, etc., will be consideredpermanent if the printing in the area tested is still legible andattached after being subjected to the test prescribed in 7.10.Ifwarning statements are on labels, refer to 3.1.9.1 or 3.1.9.2.3.1.10 seam, nmeans of joining fabric components suchas sewing, welding, heat seal

28、ing or gluing.3.1.11 seating surface, nseat support surface for theoccupant that exists between the side surfaces, seat backsurface, and the INNER SURFACE of the passive crotchrestraint.3.1.11.1 DiscussionFor seats with open sides, the seatside surfaces are defined by a vertical plane tangent to the

29、inside surface of the high chair armrest.3.1.12 static load, nvertically downward force applied bya calibrated force gauge or by dead weights.3.1.13 tray latch release mechanism, nmechanism forreleasing the latch that secures a tray onto a high chair or intoan adjustment position, or both.4. Calibra

30、tion and Standardization4.1 All testing shall be conducted on a concrete floor thatmay be covered with18-in. (3-mm) thick vinyl flooring cover,unless test instructs differently.4.2 The high chair shall be completely assembled, unlessotherwise noted, in accordance with the manufacturers in-structions

31、.4.3 No testing shall be conducted within 48 h of manufac-turing.4.4 The product to be tested shall be in a room with anambient temperature of 73 6 9F (23 6 5C) for at least 1 hprior to testing. Testing shall then be conducted within thistemperature range.5. General Requirements5.1 There shall be no

32、 hazardous sharp edges or points asdefined by 16 CFR 1500.48 and 16 CFR 1500.49 before orafter testing in accordance with this consumer safety specifi-cation.5.2 There shall be no small parts, as defined by 16 CFR1501, before testing or liberated as a result of testing to thisspecification.5.3 Befor

33、e the application of any test methods, any exposedwood parts shall be smooth and free of splinters.5.4 Latching or Locking MechanismsAny unit that foldsshall have a latching or locking device or other provision in adesign that will prevent the unit from unintentionally foldingwhen properly placed in

34、 the manufacturers recommended useposition. During and upon completion of the testing in accor-dance with 7.1, the unit shall remain in its manufacturersrecommended use position. If a unit is designed with a latching3Available from U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents,732 N. C

35、apitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401.F404082or locking device, that device shall remain engaged andoperative after testing.5.5 Nonpaper Labels:5.5.1 Nonpaper labels or decals (such as warning labels,brand name labels, decorative labels, or pin-striping) that maypresent a choking haza

36、rd if removed must be permanent.NOTE 2Paper labels are exempt from the small parts requirements of16 CFR 1501 because paper cannot be meaningfully tested.5.5.1.1 Nonpaper labels that may present a choking hazardare those which upon removal fit entirely within the small partscylinder as defined in 16

37、 CFR 1501. Nonpaper labels that tearwhen tested in accordance with 3.1.9.1 (1) are consideredlabels which may pose a choking hazard.5.5.1.2 Nonpaper labels attached by a seam, except warninglabels, that tear along a seam only and do not yield a part whichfits entirely within the small parts cylinder

38、, defined in 16 CFR1501, are not considered labels that pose a choking hazard andthus are not required to be permanent.5.6 OpeningsHoles or slots that extend entirely though awall section of any rigid material less than 0.375 in. (9.53 mm)thick and admit a 0.210-in. (5.33-mm) diameter rod shall also

39、admit a 0.375-in. (9.53-mm) diameter rod. Holes or slots thatare between 0.210 in. (5.33 mm) and 0.375 in. (9.53 mm) andhave a wall thickness less than 0.375 in. (9.53 mm), but arelimited in depth to 0.375 in. (9.53 mm) maximum by anotherrigid surface shall be permissible (see Fig. 1). The product s

40、hallbe evaluated in all manufacturers recommended use positions.5.7 Toy components provided with or attached to the highchair shall comply with the requirements of Consumer SafetySpecification F 963.5.8 All paints and surface coatings on the product shallcomply with 16 CFR 1303.6. Performance Requir

41、ementsNOTE 3The loading in this section may be simplified by the use of asimple test frame that will permit the loads to be applied by dead weightsFIG. 1 Opening ExampleF404083operating over a ball bearing pulley through a rope. Vertical force tests aregreatly aided with the use of an overhead pulle

42、y.6.1 Protective ComponentsIf the child can grasp protec-tive components between the thumb and forefinger, or teeth,(such as caps, sleeves, or plugs used for protection from sharpedges, points, or entrapment of fingers or toes), or if there is atleast a 0.040-in. (1.00-mm) gap between the component

43、and itsadjacent parent component, such component shall not beremoved when tested in accordance with 7.2. All protectivecomponents that are accessible to a child sitting in the highchair or accessible to a child from any position around the highchair shall be evaluated.6.2 Tray Performance (Drop)The

44、tray shall remain func-tional with respect to the chair and exhibit no sharp points,sharp edges, or small parts when subjected to a drop test inaccordance with 7.3.6.3 Tray Performance (Pull)The tray shall not becomedisengaged or dislocated from its original adjustment position,when tested in accord

45、ance with 7.4 and 7.5.6.4 Static LoadA chair shall support static loads withoutcausing any hazardous conditions as identified within thisconsumer safety specification. Tests shall be conducted inaccordance with 7.6.6.5 StabilityA chair shall not tip over when forces areapplied in accordance with 7.7

46、.6.6 Exposed Coil SpringsAny exposed coil spring whichis accessible to the occupant, having or capable of generatinga space between coils of 0.210 in. (5.3 mm) or greater duringstatic load testing in accordance with 7.6 shall be covered orotherwise designed to prevent injury from entrapment.6.7 Scis

47、soring, Shearing, and PinchingA high chair,when in the manufacturers recommended use position, shallbe designed and constructed so as to prevent injury to theoccupant from any scissoring, shearing, or pinching whenmembers or components rotate about a common axis orfastening point, slide, pivot, fold

48、, or otherwise move relative toone another. Scissoring, shearing, or pinching that can causeinjury exists when the edges of the rigid parts admit a probegreater than 0.210 in. (5.3 mm) and less than 0.375 in. (9.5mm) in diameter at any accessible point throughout the rangeof motion of such parts.6.8

49、 Restraint System:6.8.1 A restraint system shall be provided to secure a childin the seated position in any of the manufacturers recom-mended use positions.6.8.1.1 The restraint system shall include both waist andcrotch restraint designed such that the crotch restraints use ismandatory when the restraint system is in use.6.8.2 The restraint system and its closing means (for ex-ample, buckle) shall not break, separate, or permit removal ofthe CAMI test dummy from the high chair when tested inaccordance with 7.8.6.8.2.1 If during test in 7.8.