ASTM F1162-2002 Standard Specification for Pole Vault Landing Systems 《撑杆跳高降落设备的标准规范》.pdf

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1、Designation: F 1162 02An American National StandardStandard Specification forPole Vault Landing Systems1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 1162; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last re

2、vision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers minimum requirements ofsize, physical characteristics of materials, standard testingprocedures, la

3、beling and identification of pole vault landingpads intended for users up to 19 ft (5.74 m).1.2 The values as stated in inch-pound units are to beregarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are givenfor information only.1.3 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to thetest methods

4、 portion, Section 8, of this specification: Thisstandard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the userof this standard to establish appropriate safety and healthpractices and determine the applicability of regulatory limi

5、ta-tions prior to use.2. Terminology2.1 Definitions2.1.1 base unit sections, nthose components of the pri-mary landing system that provide the majority of the paddingbehind the planting box. In most pole vault landing systems,they are several large rectangular-shaped sections that composethe vast ma

6、jority of this portion of the landing system. Baseunit sections should be covered by a common top cover. (SeeFig. 2.)2.1.2 box collar, ntwo to four inches of secondary(supplementary) padding around the sides and rear of theplanting box that eliminates any and all hard surfaces betweenthe front buns

7、and the edges of the planting box. (See Fig. 3.)2.1.3 coaches box, na painted or sewn contrasting rect-angle on the common top pad, 8 ft (2.68 m) deep and 10 ft(3.05 m) wide, beginning 3.5 ft (1.06 m) behind the zero line.(See Fig. 1.)2.1.4 common top cover, nthe top surface of the primarypole vault

8、 landing system. It is designated initial landing point.It may function both as padding and as a binder to help hold thebase units and front bun sections in place during use, and it alsoprovides a smooth safe surface upon which to land. (See Fig.2.)2.1.5 front bun sections, nthose components of the

9、pri-mary landing system that pad the areas between the standardbases and around the planting box. They should be boundtogether with straps to each other and to the base unit sectionsand to the common top pad to provide one continuous landingsystem. (See Fig. 2.)2.1.6 multi-component landing system,

10、nconsists of sev-eral component parts or sections that form an integrated systemand provide a safe, efficient landing environment.2.1.7 pole vault landing pad, na device used to deceleratea free-falling human body while pole vaulting.2.1.8 primary landing system, nthat portion of a multi-component l

11、anding system where the pole vaulter intends toland. It consists of several components (sections) held togetherwith binders so that a continuous safe landing surface isprovided.2.1.9 secondary (supplementary) padding, npadding be-yond the primary system landing areas that does not have to becovered

12、by a common top pad. Box collars, standard base pads,and additional perimeter padding all fall into this category.3. Minimum Overall Dimensions of Pole Vault LandingSystems3.1 Overall dimensions must be based on the kinematics ofthe human body and the shock-absorbing quality of thematerial. They mus

13、t also be based on the comfort and safety ofthe user.3.2 If the human body impacts with a 100 % vertical force,the dimension must exceed the length and width of the body.3.3 If the human body impacts with the horizontal compo-nent, the length and width of the landing surface must bederived mathemati

14、cally based upon the kinematic variablesinvolved in the performance.NOTE 1Several studies of pole vaulters indicate the following as-sumptions that were used to determine the pit dimensions. A vaulterreaching 19 ft (5.80 m) would have a push off horizontal velocity of 4 ft/s(1.2 m/s). This velocity

15、plus the length of the body would not exceed the16 ft 5 in. (5.0-m) pit length. Less skilled vaulters reaching 10 ft (3 m)may have a push off horizontal velocity of 8 ft/s (2.4 m/s). This velocityplus the length of the body would not exceed the 16 ft 5 in. (5.0-m) pitlength.1This specification is un

16、der the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F08 on SportsEquipment and Facilities and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F08.67 onPole Vault.Current edition approved Sept. 10, 2002. Published November 2002.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA

17、19428-2959, United States.3.4 The minimum pole vault landing system dimensionsstated within this document are based upon the investigation ofthe reported catastrophic pole vaulting accidents over the past20 years.3.5 The minimum size and design specifications for polevault landing pads are as follow

18、s: 19 ft 8 in. (6.00 m) wideacross the base unit sections by 16 ft 5 in. (5.00 m) deep, whenset in the most preferred position 3 in. (0.076 m) behind thevertical plane of the stop board with a uniformly high landingsurface with a minimum height of 26 in. (0.66 m). The frontportions of the pit that s

19、urrounds the planting box (the frontbuns) shall be 16 ft 5 in. (5.00 m) wide and extend at least 45in. (1.14 m) from that portion of the front buns where thepadding begins behind the back of the planting box. Thus thefront of the front bun sections cover the entire area between theplanting box and t

20、he inside edge of the base of the standardbase rails to the front edge of the planting box when the padsare placed 3 in. (0.76 m) behind the back of the planting box.The minimum overall pit size is 19 ft 8 in. (6.00 m) wide by 20ft 2 in. (6.14 m) long from the from the front of the front bunsto the

21、rear-most portion of the landing area. (See Fig. 2.) Theheight of the front units may taper down in 15 in. (0.381 m) atthe front in order to give the vaulter a clearer approach to thevaulting box. In addition, the front buns should taper into theplanting box area so that they provide protection yet

22、allow thevaulting pole to bend and rotate undisturbed with the primarylanding system a minimal distance behind the back of theplanting box. (See Fig. 2.)3.6 In those special cases where a rectangular minimum sizelanding system will not fit into a facility, the rear half of thebase unit sections may

23、be rounded slightly along the outsideedges to accommodate the shape of the running track or otherobstruction alongside or behind it. In these special cases, theside and rear padding may be curved based upon a radius thelength of the width of the base unit area of the system, from aFIG. 1 Suggested C

24、oaches Box and Testing PointsF1162022point of origin halfway back on the side of the landing system(See Fig. 2 and Fig. 4).3.7 Upgrades and additional supplementary padding may beused to increase the size of existing landing systems that nolonger meet the new minimum specifications of this specifica

25、-tion. Supplementary sections of padding should be attached insome way to the existing (primary) landing system to keepthem from separating away from the primary landing system oreach other. However, a common top cover need only cover theprimary portion of the pit and not the secondary (supplemen-ta

26、ry) padding beyond the primary landing system. Secondary(supplementary) padding may also take the form of protectionon the standard bases and around the planting box. (See Fig. 4.)3.8 Standard base padding is considered supplementary(secondary) padding. Standard base pads should be designed sothat t

27、he uprights move freely both forward and back forefficient, accurate standard adjustments. Standard base paddingsystems should be approximately the same height as the frontof the front buns for which they are built. However, standardbase padding should not exceed the height of the front bunsections

28、that they sit next to. Standard base padding should bea minimum of 20 in. (0.51 m) wide so that they minimallyextend from the sides of the front bun sections to the outsideedges of the base unit sections. The openings for the uprightsshould not be more than 8 in. (0.20 m) wide. For solid foamsystems

29、, a minimum of 14 in. of padding should cover all hardFIG. 2 Minimum Pole Vault Landing Systems FootprintMinimum Landing Pad Dimensions: Overall minimum size: 19 ft. 8 in. (6.00 m) (wide across base unit sections behind standards) by 20ft 2 in. (6.14 m) (from front of front buns to rear of pit). Pri

30、mary landing areas shall be a minimum of 26 in. in depth. Front buns maytaper to a minimum of 14 in. at their frontmost portions. Front buns should extend to a minimum of the front edge of the planting boxso that pad is in its most appropriate position. For most pads with tapered front bun sections,

31、 this position is 3 in. back of zero.F1162023standard base and underlayment hard surfaces. For plywoodstandard base type systems, a minimum of 8 in. of paddingshould be present. In both systems the padding should coverthe entire area of the standard bases and all hard surfaces onwhich they rest. The

32、y should also minimally pad the entire areabetween the front buns and the adjacent base unit sections.FIG. 3 Pole Vault Box Collar Minimum SpecificationsThe pole vault box collar is a secondary (supplementary) type of protection designed to eliminate all hard surfaces and edges betweenthe pole vault

33、 box and the inside edges of the front bun padding around it.1. Pole vault box collars shall be a minimum of 2 in. (0.07 m) thick but not more than 4 in. (0.10 m) thick. So that it offers protection yetallows the vaulting pole to bend and roll in an undisturbed manner and does not disturb the settin

34、g of the front buns.2. It shall be made of dense foam padding with a vinyl covering or a material similar to a wrestling mat.3. It shall form fit the entire length and width of the planting box so that when placed in proper position all hard surfaces are padded,even if the front buns are slid back t

35、o the national HS minimum of 14 in. (0.35 m).4. Box collar padding shall be long enough and wide enough to extend under all inside edges of the front buns so that the weight ofthe front buns will hold it in a secure position.F1162024Standard base protectors do not need to be covered with thecommon t

36、op pad or attached to the rest of the landing system.(See Figs. 5-7.)3.9 Box collars are considered secondary (supplementary)padding. They are designed to pad the area between the outsideedges of the vaulting box and the inside edges of the frontbuns. Box collars do not need to be covered with a com

37、mon topcover. However, they should form fit exactly to the top of theoutside edges of the planting box and extend beneath thelanding pad front bun sections so that they are held in place bythe weight of the front buns and yet remain adjustable. (SeeFig. 3.)3.10 In order to meet the new minimum stand

38、ard of 20 ft 2in. (6.14 m) by 19 ft 8 in. (6.00 m), supplementary (secondary)padding may be added to the perimeter of existing landingsystems. This additional padding shall meet the followingcriteria:3.10.1 It must be of similar height and construction to theprimary landing system;3.10.2 In order to

39、 provide more stability, individual addi-tional perimeter sections for the purpose of increasing theoverall length or width of a landing system shall not benarrower at the base than they are tall;FIG. 4 Generalized Footprint From Specification F 1162 88 and New Footprint From Specification F 1162 02

40、.F11620253.10.3 Secondary (supplementary) padding does not need tobe covered by a common top cover; and3.10.4 Secondary padding for the purpose of increasing thewidth or the length of a landing system up to the minimumstandard should be attached to the existing system via a prudentmeans of some kind

41、.3.11 Alternatives to upgrade existing pole vault landingsystems to meet the new minimum specifications my includehigh jump, pole vault, or gymnastic pit sections. When thesetypes of components are used, they should be attached to theexisting system via any prudent means possible, includingropes, st

42、raps, bungee cords, or Velcro. However, they do notneed to be under the common top pad.3.12 Coaches BoxA painted or sewn contrasting rectangleon the common top pad, 8 ft (2.68 m) deep and 10 ft (3.05m)wide, beginning 3.5 ft behind the zero lone. This box isintended to help vaulters and coaches as a

43、reference point forsafer and efficient landing purposes only. (See Fig. 1.)4. Physical Characteristics of Material and PerformanceSpecifications4.1 The landing pit will be made of a material which willcause deceleration of the missile by landing pit deformationless than 75 % of the pit thickness dur

44、ing impact testingconducted in accordance with Section 8.4.2 When impact testing is performed in accordance withSection 8 missile rebound shall not exceed 1.48 ft (0.45 m)above the surface of the nondeformed landing pit.4.3 Rebound and deformation characteristics shall be610 % throughout the 19 ft 8

45、 in. by 20 ft 2 in. (6.00 m by 6.14m) area to within 1 ft (0.304 m) of the edge of the main portion.4.4 Peak deceleration shall not exceed 20 g when a landingpit is tested in accordance with Section 10.5. Significance and Use5.1 The dynamic data obtained with the procedures given inthis specificatio

46、n measure the cushioning properties of thelanding pits tested.5.2 The size of the pole vault landing pit is specified withrespect to the kinematics of body movement.6. Testing Apparatus6.1 Testing MachineAny type of dynamic testing appara-tus that impacts the specimen on a solid, rigid surface (typi

47、calof service conditions) with the prescribed missile at theprescribed impact velocity and monitors and records impactdeceleration-time histories.6.2 The missile described in 8.1 is constructed in threesections and is more clearly defined as follows: (see Fig. 8).NOTE 2The missile constructed for in

48、itial testing was of marine gradeplywood. The missile could be made of various materials and methodsprovided it maintains the specific dimensions and weight.6.2.1 Top disk with cross-sectional area 387.5 in.2(0.25 m2)outer radius 1118 in. (0.282 m) height 1716 in. (0.0371-m) andweight.6.2.2 Inverted

49、 frustum of cone with major radius 1118 in.(0.282 m), minor radius 834 in. (0.222 m), height 4916 in.(0.1158 m) and weight.FIG. 5 Flat Unit General DiagramPole vault standard base pads are classified as secondary (supplementary) protection. They are designed to offer protection to polevaulters in the event of accidental landings in the standard base areas. Standard base pads may be divided into two groups: solidfoam pads or plywood frames with padding systems. Within each of these groups, flat or sloped units are permissible.Standard Base Padding Specifications1.