ASTM F302-2009(2015) Standard Practice for Field Sampling of Aerospace Fluids in Containers《容器中航空航天流体的现场取样标准实践规程》.pdf

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1、Designation: F302 09 (Reapproved 2015)Standard Practice forField Sampling of Aerospace Fluids in Containers1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F302; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of originaladoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last

2、revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscriptepsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers field sampling of fluids fromhermetically sealed containers and other fluid containers of208-L volume

3、maximum. It may be utilized at manufacturing,storage, or use levels for obtaining representative fluid samplesfor chemical, physical, or particulate matter determinations.1.2 Use of this practice depends upon variables such as fluidtoxicity, restrictive fluid odors, fluid flammability, and so forth.

4、It is suitable for most hydraulic fluids; however, care should beexercised in determining compatibility before use.21.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafe

5、ty concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For hazardstatement, see 6.5.1.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3

6、D1193 Specification for Reagent WaterD1836 Specification for Commercial HexanesD2021 Specification for Neutral Detergent, 40 PercentAlky-lbenzene Sulfonate Type (Withdrawn 2000)4D4898 Test Method for Insoluble Contamination of Hydrau-lic Fluids by Gravimetric AnalysisF311 Practice for Processing Aer

7、ospace Liquid Samples forParticulate Contamination Analysis Using Membrane Fil-tersF314 Methods of Test for Identification of Metallic andFibrous Contaminants in Aerospace Fluids (Withdrawn1990)43. Summary of Practice3.1 The minimum requirements for container agitation,sample withdrawal, and sample

8、transfer are given in thispractice. Precautions to ensure sampling reliability are in-cluded in the procedure to the extent required by normalprocessing conditions. The procedure involves agitating thecontainer, withdrawing with a suitable instrument capable ofcreating a vacuum, a predetermined quan

9、tity of fluid, andimmediately transferring it to a vessel, properly identified, tohold for analysis by a stipulated method.4. Significance and Use4.1 Samples obtained by use of this practice are intended forprocessing in accordance with Practice F311, Test MethodD4898, and Test Method F314, and othe

10、r chemical or physicalmethods of analysis.5. Apparatus5.1 Pipet, volumetric transfer or equivalent rubber-bulbtype. A taper-jointed type, as shown in Fig. 1, 560 mm long,calibrated to deliver 100 mL at 20C, is also acceptable. Thistype provides for ease of maintenance by being separable at themidpoi

11、nt of the bulb.NOTE 1The volume capacities selected for the pipet and samplebottles shall be as required for the sample volume desired. Normally a 1006 5-mL sample is standard, which would require a capacity of approxi-mately 125 mL. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended that a samplevolume of

12、100 6 5 mL be used for accomplishing the methods definedherein.5.2 Bottles, sample, wide-mouth type (Note 1).5.3 Solvent Filtering DispenserAn apparatus to dispense astream of 2.0 m or finer membrane-filtered fluid.5.4 Vinylidene Chloride, Polyethylene Terephthalate, orPolyamide Sheet, 0.1 mm (4-mil

13、) min.5.5 Beverage Can Opener (Unplated), sharpened, deburred.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E21 on SpaceSimulation and Applications of Space Technology and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee E21.05 on Contamination.Current edition approved May 1, 2015. Published

14、 June 2015. Originallyapproved in 1965. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as F302 2009. DOI:10.1520/F0302-09R15.2Where a special environment is required, a Proposed Laboratory Method forSampling Aerospace Fluids in Containers is under development in the committee.For further information write t

15、o B. R. Hall, American Petroleum Institute, 1220 LSt., N.W., Washington, D. C. 20005.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary

16、page onthe ASTM website.4The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States16. Reagents6.1 Purity of ReagentsReagent grade chemicals shall beused in all t

17、ests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended thatall reagents shall conform to the specifications of the Commit-tee on Analytical Reagents of the American Chemical Society,where such specifications are available.5Other grades may beused, provided it is first ascertained that the reagent is ofsuf

18、ficiently high purity to permit its use without lessening theaccuracy of the determination.6.2 Purity of WaterUnless otherwise indicated, referencesto water shall be understood to mean reagent water conformingto Specification D1193.6.3 Detergent, free-rinsing. Material conforming to Specifi-cation D

19、2021 is suitable.6.4 Isopropyl Alcohol, acetone-free.66.5 Ligroine (Petroleum Ether), 30 to 60C.6.5.1 WarningLigroine and hexane are highly flammableand should be handled with adequate precautions.NOTE 2Ligroine is suggested because of its high-evaporation rate andrelatively negligible residue (0.00

20、1 %). Other solvents are acceptable asrequired by the sampling activity, when a comparable evaporation andresidue is considered, such as commercial hexanes (see SpecificationD1836). In any case, reagent selected should not have a harmful effect onthe sampling apparatus, sampled fluid, or the equipme

21、nt to be used inprocessing the sample, or both.7. Preparations of Apparatus and Reagents7.1 Apparatus used in this practice shall be prepared by areliable process for assurance of essentially contamination-freesurfaces.NOTE 3It is recommended that a process shall be used as described inTest Method D

22、4898 or Practice F311.7.2 Reagents used in this practice shall be suitably filteredand stored to maintain a level of refinement equivalent to thehighest attainable as required by the product evaluation methodof determination.8. Procedure8.1 Select at random representative containers of fluid to besa

23、mpled. When defined, selection shall be as required by thetest method.Asuggested cube-root sampling quantity is shownin Table 1. Alternative plans may be based on the pastexperience and judgment of the sampling activity. Quantitiesexceeding those given in Table 1 should be determined by thecube-root

24、 method.8.2 Having selected the containers to be sampled, prepareand sample each one individually.8.3 Agitate the fluid container as required to assure safetyand completeness of sampling of the particulate matter. Themethod used shall depend on the height of the container, thefluid viscosity, and th

25、e particle size, as related in Fig. 2. First,the container shall be inverted for a period of time sufficient forthe particles of the predominant size to fall half the height ofthe container. This time shall be determined as follows: thefluid viscosity at the temperature of sampling shall be esti-mat

26、ed and an appropriate diagonal line on Fig. 2 selected. Thepredominant particle size will probably be known from pastexperience; if not, 20 m may be used as a preliminaryestimate. The settling time shall then be read from Fig. 2 for a1-L container, and the size factor applied if necessary. Anysituat

27、ion not covered by the chart may be calculated fromStokes law. The time may turn out to be burdensome in somespecial cases; warming the container would be permissible insuch cases provided it will not cause solution of plastic, etc.,which might change the particle count. After the inversionperiod, t

28、he container shall be placed on its side and rolledslowly five turns. It shall then be rolled in the oppositedirection for five turns and returned to an upright position. Thesample shall be drawn within one half the inversion time, afteragitation is completed.NOTE 4Hermetically sealed containers of

29、3.8 L or less may be shakenby hand or by mechanical vibration for a minimum of 30 s.5Reagent Chemicals, American Chemical Society Specifications, AmericanChemical Society, Washington, DC. For Suggestions on the testing of reagents notlisted by the American Chemical Society, see Annual Standards for

30、LaboratoryChemicals, BDH Ltd., Poole, Dorset, U.K., and the United States Pharmacopeiaand National Formulary, U.S. Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc. (USPC), Rockville,MD.6Material conforming to USP XVII, p. 995, is suitable.FIG. 1 Separable PipetTABLE 1 Sample PlanQuantity of Containers Sample1to10 111

31、 to 30 331 to 70 471 to 150 5151 to 210 6210 to 530 8531 to 1170 10F302 09 (2015)28.4 Utilizing the filtered ligroine (petroleum ether) (Note 2),dispensed from a washing bottle, carefully wash surface areasof the container that may be exposed to the sampling areaselected. The container bung or other

32、 areas capable of ad-versely influencing the accuracy of the sampling apparatuswhich come in contact with the fluid to be sampled, shall berinsed with filtered ligroine immediately prior to opening thecontainer.8.5 To open a hermetically-sealed container, lay it on its sideand quickly puncture the l

33、owest point of the container. This isaccomplished utilizing a beverage-type can opener (unplated),or equivalent. Allow approximately 300 to 500 mL of fluid toflow from the opening prior to placing the container in anupright position. Cover the top of the container with a plasticsheet to preserve cle

34、anliness. (The sheet shall be previouslycleaned.) To obtain a sample, select a sample bottle prepared asdescribed in Section 6. Remove the cap from the sample bottleand lay the container to be sampled on its side allowing freeflow of the fluid. Place the bottle in the container effluent andcollect t

35、he required sample volume. Immediately cover thesample bottle and return the container to an upright positionand recover it. Identify the sample bottle.8.6 Withdraw the sample from the drum-type containers asfollows: Select a suitable volumetric pipet, prepared as de-scribed in Section 7, and withdr

36、aw sufficient fluid from thecontainer opening to fill it. Cover the container opening,discard this volume of fluid, and withdraw an additionalvolume of fluid as required for the sample volume desired.Cover the container and transfer the fluid to a sample bottleprepared as described in Section 7. Ide

37、ntify the sample bottleas required. The method described in this paragraph is suitableas an alternative method for sample withdrawal from hermeti-cally sealed containers.NOTE 5The method selected shall be accomplished sequentially andas quickly as possible to avert extraneous contamination of the co

38、ntaineror sampling apparatus, or both.9. Precision and Bias9.1 The reproducibility and repeatability of the resultsobtained with these sampling techniques depend on the exer-cise of good workmanship and care. When performing theprocedures described in this method, care must be taken tominimize the e

39、ffects of the working environment and samplingapparatus contamination. Both precision and accuracy arefundamentally limited by the Poisson distribution of sampling,which causes the standard deviation of the number of particlescollected to be a function of the square root of the total numberof partic

40、les collected, in any given category.10. Keywords10.1 aerospace fluids; fluid analysis; fluid sampling; par-ticles in fluidsASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are exp

41、ressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revis

42、ed, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may

43、 attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United Stat

44、es. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ 2 Inversion Time Required to Distribute Particles in aClosed ContainerF302 09 (2015)3