ASTM E1198-1987(2012) Standard Practice for Sampling Zooplankton with Pumps《用泵采集浮游生物的标准实施规程》.pdf

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1、Designation: E1198 87 (Reapproved 2012)Standard Practice forSampling Zooplankton with Pumps1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1198; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A num

2、ber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers the procedures for obtainingqualitative/quantitative samples of a zooplankton communityby use of pumping systems.1.2

3、This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Docum

4、ents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D4133 Practice for Sampling Phytoplankton with PumpsE1200 Practice for Preserving Zooplankton Samples3. Summary of Practice3.1 Water is pumped from a discrete depth and passedthrough a net. The captured zooplankton are removed from thenet and preserved as dictated by the obje

5、ctives of the study.4. Significance and Use4.1 The advantages of collecting zooplankton with pumpsare as follows:4.1.1 Sample size is more accurately controlled than withnets.4.1.2 Discrete samples can be more easily obtained bothvertically and horizontally.4.1.3 Multiple or replicate samples can be

6、 more easilyobtained.4.1.4 The pumps are adaptable to a variety of ecosystemsless than 30-m deep.4.1.5 Sampling efficiency does not decrease with samplesize.4.2 The disadvantages of collecting zooplankton withpumps are as follows:4.2.1 Pumps are bulky and require an electrical source.4.2.2 Pumps are

7、 generally more costly than nets.4.2.3 Pumps generally discriminate against collecting mac-roplankton.4.2.4 Pump intake tubes may be avoided by the more motilezooplankton forms.4.2.5 Requires a long, bulky, intake tube for deep watersampling.4.3 There are several special considerations that should b

8、eobserved when collecting zooplankton with a pump. They are:4.3.1 Some pumps can fragment zooplankton and inducemortality due to their design.4.3.2 The pump hose must be cleared before taking the nextsample.5. Apparatus5.1 Pumping systems of various kinds have been used tocollect zooplankton samples

9、. Although a variety of pumpapparatus have been used, the basic design consists of a pump,generally with a volume register, a base, and a concentratingnet, such as a simple tow net sampler.36. Procedure6.1 Pump water from a discrete depth and pass through anet.6.2 Remove the sample from the net.6.3

10、Preserve the plankton as described in Practice E1200.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E47 on BiologicalEffects and Environmental Fateand is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeE47.01 on Aquatic Assessment and Toxicology.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2012. Published

11、December 2012. Originallyapproved in 1987. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as E1198 87 (2004).DOI: 10.1520/E1198-87R12.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,

12、 refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The Wisconsin net sampler or its equivalent has been found satisfactory.Available from Wildco, 301 Cass St., Saginaw, MI 48602.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United

13、States1ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such righ

14、ts, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional

15、standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM

16、Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).E1198 87 (2012)2