ASTM D6880-2005 Standard Specification for Wood Boxes《木箱的标准规范》.pdf

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1、Designation: D 6880 05Standard Specification forWood Boxes1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6880; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the

2、 year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers the fabrication of wood boxes.These wood boxes, when constructed, filled and closed, shallbe used for the packing of contents not exceeding 1,0

3、00 pounds454 kg.1.2 If the use of other construction methods or techniques isacceptable and permitted (see 5.1), the resulting boxes shall beof equal or better performance than would result from the useof the specified materials and procedures. An appropriatedistribution cycle, specified in Practice

4、 D 4169, can be used todevelop comparative procedures and criteria.1.3 The values stated in either inch-pound or SI units are tobe regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI unitsare shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are notexact equivalents; therefore, each system mu

5、st be used inde-pendently of the other. Combining values from the two systemsmay result in nonconformance with the standard. See IEEE/ASTM SI 10 for conversion of units.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility o

6、f the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 996 Terminology of Packaging and Distribution Environ-mentsD 3951 Practice for Commercial PackagingD

7、4169 Practice for Performance Testing of Shipping Con-tainers and SystemsD 4675 Guide for Selection and Use of Flat StrappingMaterialsD 6199 Practice for Quality of Wood Members of Contain-ers and PalletsF 1667 Specification for Driven Fasteners, Nails, Spikesand StaplesIEEE/ASTM SI 10 Standard for

8、Use of the InternationalSystem of Units (SI): The Modernized Metric System2.2 Federal Specification:PPP-B-621 Boxes, Wood, Nailed and Lock-Corner32.3 American Softwood Lumber Standard PS-2042.4 American Wood Preservers Association Standard52.5 National Design Specification for Wood Construction63. T

9、erminology3.1 DefinitionsGeneral definitions for packaging and dis-tribution environments are found in Terminology D 996.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 parta section of the box, such as top, bottom, side orend.3.2.2 piecea single solid piece of wood.4. Classification4.1 Cla

10、ssesClass 1 Light DutyClass 2 Heavy Duty4.2 StylesStyle 1 - Uncleated Ends (Fig. 1)Style 2 - Full Cleated Ends, Butt Joints (Fig. 2)Style 2-12 Full Cleated Ends, Notched Cleats (Fig. 3)Style 4 - Exterior End Cleats (Fig. 4)Style 5 - Interior End Cleats (Fig. 5)Style 7 - Skidded Base with Separate Ho

11、od (Fig. 6)4.3 Water-Repellent Wood Preservative TreatmentTreatment A - Without treatmentTreatment B - With treatment1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D10 onPackaging and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D10.12 on ShippingContainers, Crates, Pallets, Skids,

12、and Related Structures.Current edition approved April 1, 2005. Published April 2005.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary p

13、age onthe ASTM website.3Available from the Federal Supply Service Bureau, Specification Section, Suite8100, 480 L”Enfant Plaza, SW, Washington, DC 204084Available from National Institute of Standards and Technology, U.S. Depart-ment of Commerce, 100 Bureau Dr, Stop 3460, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-34605

14、Available from American Wood Preservers Association (AWPA), P.O. Box5690, Granbury, TX 76049-06906Available from American Forest and Paper Association, American WoodCouncil, 1111 19th St. NW, Suite 800 Washington, DC 200361Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Consho

15、hocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.5. Ordering Information5.1 Purchasers should include the following information inprocurement documents:5.1.1 Specification title, number and date.5.1.2 Box class, style and treatment (see 4.1-4.3).5.1.3 Description of contents and contents weight, if known.5.1.4

16、When alternate materials and construction methodsare acceptable and permitted (see 1.2).5.1.5 Inside box dimensions. (see 7.1).5.1.6 When cleats are cut or notched for water drainage (see7.3).5.1.7 When skids are required (see 7.4).5.1.8 When 4-way entry skids are required (see 7.4).5.1.9 When rubbi

17、ng strips are required (see 7.4).5.1.10 When beveled skids are required (see 7.4).5.1.11 When re-closable top panel closure is required (see7.5.1).5.1.12 When marking of boxes is required (see 7.9).5.1.13 When boxes are shipped assembled or knocked down(see 7.12 and 7.13).6. Material6.1 Materials. A

18、ll materials shall meet the requirements ofthis specification and referenced documents. Materials shallnot affect or be affected by the product being packed. The useof recycled material is encouraged.6.1.1 Wood. Wood shall conform to Practice D 6199 or theAmerican Softwood Lumber Standard PS-20, as

19、applicable.Tables 1 and 2 cite nominal dimensions for wood pieces(commercial tolerances will apply). Thicker or wider pieces ofwood are acceptable. For cleats, battens and diagonals, thewood shall conform to Class 1 or 2 of Practice D 6199.6.1.2 Fasteners. Fasteners (bolts, nuts, screws, staples, an

20、dso forth) shall meet the stress design criteria of the NationalDesign Specification for Wood Construction.6.1.2.1 Nails. Nails shall conform to Specification F 1667.6.1.3 Preservatives. Preservatives shall conform to the prop-erties and formulations of either copper naphthenate, zincnaphthenate or

21、oxine copper (copper-8-quinolinolate) as citedin American Wood Preservers Association (AWPA) StandardP8 and P9.FIG. 1 Style 1 Box (Uncleated Ends)D68800527. Construction7.1 Dimensions. Boxes shall be designed to the cited insidelength, width and depth (see 5.1.4). A tolerance of 0, +14 inch6 mm shal

22、l be permitted.7.2 Box sides, tops, bottoms and ends. Wood thickness shallbe as specified in Tables 1 and 2. No piece, shall be less than3 in. 76 mm wide. When a side, top, bottom or end isconstructed from more than one piece, the pieces shall bejoined with fasteners or adhesive.7.3 Cleats, battens

23、and diagonals. Tables 1 and 2 cite therequired wood thickness and width. Pieces shall be one pieceup to 12 ft. in length. Longer cleats shall be no more than twopieces, with no piece less than 3 ft. long. Cleats may be cut ornotched to provide for water drainage (see 5.1.6).7.4 Skids. When a box is

24、intended for use with loadsresulting in a gross weight in excess of 200 pounds 91 kg orboxes with a gross weight in excess of 100 pounds 45 kg anda box length and width of 48 inches 1219 mm by 24 inches610 mm or more, the box shall be fitted with skids. Skidsshall measure a minimum of 2-12 inches 64

25、 mm high and 3-12inches 89 mm wide. Skids shall be placed parallel to andextend the full width of the box and shall be positioned notcloser than 2-12 inches 64 mm nor more than16 the boxlength from each end of the box. The distance between insideedges of skids shall not exceed 48 inches 1219 mm. Add

26、i-tional skids, as required, shall be positioned so as to divide thedistance between skids into equal distances. When bolt fasten-ing is provided for the item being packed, skids shall be locatedto enable the item to be bolted to the skids. Skids shall befastened to the box. When 4-way fork entry is

27、 required, skidsshall be a minimum of 3-12 by 3-12 inches 89 3 89 mm, andcut out a minimum of 2 inches 51 mm in depth and of suchwidth as to accommodate forks and slings for handling. Notethat forks are normally 6 3 2 inches in shape and are set 27FIG. 2 Style 2 Box (Full Cleated Ends, Butt Joints)D

28、6880053inches apart, outside to outside dimension. Skids may be builtwith rubbing strips (see 5.1.9). Skids may be beveled tofacilitate pushing or dragging of loads (see 5.1.10).7.5 Fastening of pieces and parts. Fastener spacing shall notexceed 4 inches 102 mm; except tops, where spacing shallnot e

29、xceed 6 inches. Nails shall be located to minimizesplitting of wood. Overdriving of fasteners is discouraged. Iffasteners are overdriven, protruding points shall be clinched orcovered.7.5.1 Re-closable top panel closure. The top shall be con-structed with cleats on the underside that fit snugly insi

30、de thebox sides and ends. Closure can be completed with strapping(see Guide D 4675), screws, bolts or other fasteners to alloweasy opening and re-closure.7.6 Preservation. When boxes are treated with preservative,all exterior surfaces of the box shall be treated. All safety andenvironmental regulati

31、ons shall be followed.7.7 Box styles.7.7.1 Style 1, Uncleated Ends (Fig. 1). A recommendedmaximum box size is the sum of the length, width and heightshould not exceed 50 inches (1.3 m).7.7.2 Style 2, Full Cleated Ends, Butt Joints (Fig. 2). Thesides, top, and bottom shall be flush with the outside s

32、urface ofthe four cleats at each end.7.7.3 Style 2-12 , Full Cleated Ends, Notched Cleats (Fig.3). The four cleats at each end shall be notched. The sides, top,and bottom shall be flush with the outside surface of the fourcleats at each end.7.7.4 Style 4, Exterior End Cleats (Fig. 4). Each end shall

33、have two vertical exterior cleats.7.7.5 Style 412 , Horizontal Exterior End Cleats(Fig. 4).Each end shall have two horizontal exterior cleats.7.7.6 Style 5, Interior End Cleats (Fig. 5). Cleats may betriangular or square. The sides, top, and bottom shall be flushwith the outside surface of the ends.

34、FIG. 3 Style 2-12 Box (Full Cleated Ends; Notched Cleats)D68800547.7.7 Style 7, Skidded Base with Separate Hood (Fig. 6).The top, sides and ends shall be assembled together to form ahood. The hood will be fitted onto a skid. Reinforcement ofparts is recommended.7.8 Reinforcement. Reinforcement shall

35、 be used when un-supported spans of sides, ends or tops exceed 24 inches 610mm. Cleats, battens and diagonals shall be used, as necessary(see Fig. 7).7.9 Marking. When specified, each box shall be markedwith:7.9.1 Specification number,7.9.2 Box class and style,7.9.3 Maximum contents weight (maximum

36、gross weightmay also be desired),7.9.4 Manufacturers name and address, or7.9.5 Boxes treated with preservative shall be marked inaccordance with AWPA Book of Standards and the U.S. Deptof Commerce American Lumber Standard Committee.7.10 Hazardous Materials Shipments. Use of these boxesfor hazardous

37、materials shall conform to appropriate U.S. Deptof Transportation and international modal regulations.7.11 Workmanship. Boxes shall be constructed with propermaterials and techniques to produce a box that is of correctdimensions, adequate fasteners, and capable for use in thepacking of contents.7.12

38、 Delivery of Boxes. Boxes may be shipped assembled orknocked-down. Instructions for assembly shall be providedwith knocked-down boxes. Directions for closure shall beprovided with delivery of boxes.7.13 Packing and Marking. Assembled or knocked-downboxes shall be packed and marked in accordance with

39、 PracticeD 3951.7.14 Cross Reference to PPP-B-621. Table 3 cites thecorrelation of the box styles of this document with PPP-B-621;Boxes, Wood, Nailed and Lock-Corner.8. Keywords8.1 box; cleat; packing; packaging; skid; woodFIG.4Style4and4-12 (Exterior End Cleats)D6880055FIG. 5 Style 5 Box (Interior

40、End Cleats)D6880056FIG. 6 Style 7 (Box with Separate Hood)TABLE 1 Wood Dimensions for Light Duty Boxes.Maximum contentsweight, lb kgBox Style Nominal piecethickness, in mmNominal cleat, batten,diagonal thicknessand width, in mm100 45.4 134 19 -100 45.4 2, 3, 4, 412 ,5,712 1312 3 2133 51250 113.4 2,

41、3, 4, 412 ,5,734 1934 3 2193 51400 181.9 2, 3, 4, 412 ,5,734 1934 3 2-12 19 3 64600 272.2 2, 3, 7 1 2534 3 3-12 19 3 89800 362.9 2, 3, 7 1 25 1 3 3253 76TABLE 2 Wood Dimensions for Heavy Duty Boxes.Maximum contentsweight, lb kgBox Style Nominal piecethickness, inmmNominal cleat, batten,diagonal thic

42、knessand width, in mm100 45.4 2, 3, 4, 412 ,5,734 1934 3 2193 51250 113.4 2, 3, 4, 412 ,5,734 1934 3 2-12 19 3 64400 181.9 2, 3, 4, 412 ,5,734 1934 3 3-12 19 3 89600 272.2 2, 3, 7 1 25 1 3 3253 76800 362.9 2, 3, 7 1-14 32 1 3 3253 761000 454 2, 3, 7 1-14 32 1 3 4253 102D6880057FIG. 7 Examples of Rei

43、nforcementD6880058ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement o

44、f such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for

45、additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known t

46、o the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at

47、 the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).TABLE 3 Cross Reference of Box StylesASTM D XXXX Box Style PPP-B-6211 Uncleated ends 12 Full cleated ends, butt joints 22-12 Full cleated ends, notched cleats 2-12deleted 34 Two vertical exterior end cleats 4, 4-12412 Two horizontal exterior end cleats 4125 Two interior end cleats 5deleted 67 Skidded base with separate hood 7D6880059