ASTM D6880 D6880M-2011 2500 Standard Specification for Wood Boxes《木箱标准规范》.pdf

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1、Designation: D6880/D6880M 11Standard Specification forWood Boxes1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6880/D6880M; the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses i

2、ndicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers the fabrication of wood boxes.These wood boxes, when constructed, filled and closed, shallbe used for the packing of contents not ex

3、ceeding 1000 pounds454 kg.1.2 If the use of other construction methods or techniques isacceptable and permitted (see 5.1), the resulting boxes shall beof equal or better performance than would result from the useof the specified materials and procedures. An appropriatedistribution cycle, specified i

4、n Practice D4169, can be used todevelop comparative procedures and criteria.1.3 The values stated in either inch-pound or SI units are tobe regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI unitsare shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are notexact equivalents; therefore, each

5、system must be used inde-pendently of the other. Combining values from the two systemsmay result in nonconformance with the standard. See IEEE/ASTM SI-10 for conversion of units.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is therespons

6、ibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D996 Terminology of Packaging and Distribution Environ-mentsD3951 Practice for Commercial Pack

7、agingD3953 Specification for Strapping, Flat Steel and SealsD4169 Practice for Performance Testing of Shipping Con-tainers and SystemsD4675 Guide for Selection and Use of Flat StrappingMaterialsD6199 Practice for Quality of Wood Members of Contain-ers and PalletsD6253 Practice for Treatment and/or M

8、arking of WoodPackaging MaterialsF1667 Specification for Driven Fasteners: Nails, Spikes,and StaplesIEEE/ASTM SI-10 Standard for Use of the InternationalSystem of Units (SI): The Modernized Metric System2.2 American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)Standards:3B18.2.1 Square and Hex Bolts and Sc

9、rews-Inch SeriesB18.2.2 Square and Hex Nuts (Inch Series)B18.2.3.8M Metric Hex Lag ScrewsB18.2.4.2M Metric Hex Nuts, Style 2B18.5 Round Head Bolts (Inch Series)B18.5.2.2M Metric round head Square Neck BoltsB18.22M Metric Plain WashersB18.22.1 Plain Washers2.3 National Institute of Standards and Tech

10、nology (NIST)Standard:PS-20 American Softwood Lumber Standard42.4 National Hardwood Lumber Association (NHLA) Stan-dard:Rules for the Measurement and Inspection of Hardwoodand Cypress52.5 American Wood Protection Association (AWPA) Stan-dard:6P36 Standard for Copper Naphtthenate (CuN)P37 Standard fo

11、r Oxine Copper (Copper-8-Quinolinolate)(Cu8)2.6 U.S Army Research, Development and EngineeringCenter (ARDEC):MIL-DTL-2427H Box, ammunition packing: Wood, nailed72.7 International Standards for Phytosanitary Measures(ISPM) Publication:1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D1

12、0 onPackaging and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D10.12 on ShippingContainers, Crates, Pallets, Skids and Related Structures.Current edition approved April 1, 2011. Published May 2011. Originallyapproved in 2005. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D6880 - 05.DOI:10.1520/D6880_D6

13、880M-11.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American Society of Mechanical Engine

14、ers (ASME), ASMEInternational Headquarters, Three Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http:/www.asme.org.4Available from National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 100Bureau Dr., Stop 1070, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-1070, http:/www.nist.gov.5Available from National Hardwood Lumber Associati

15、on (NHLA), 6830 Ra-leigh LaGrange Rd., Memphis, TN 38134, http:/www.natlhardwood.org6Available from American Wood Protection Association (AWPA), P.O. Box361784, Birmingham, AL 35236-1784, http:/www.awpa.org.7Available from ASSIST Quick search, http:/assist.daps.dla.mil.1Copyright ASTM International,

16、 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.ISPM 15 Regulation of Wood Packaging Material in Inter-national Trade83. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsGeneral definitions for packaging and dis-tribution environments are found in Terminology D996.3.2 Definitions of Te

17、rms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 battenreinforcement on a box used to hold a seriesof boards together to create rigidity generally set in from eachend to prevent board splitting.3.2.2 boxa container with structural framework fastenedtogether to form a rigid enclosure.3.2.3 cleatlumber used to str

18、engthen or support theframework of a box.3.2.4 diagonalangle members placed between verticaland horizontal members within a component to provide rigidityto the box4. Classification4.1 ClassesClass 1 Light DutyClass 2 Heavy Duty4.2 StylesStyle 1 - Uncleated Ends (Fig. 1)Style 2 - Full Cleated Ends, B

19、utt Joints (Fig. 2)Style 212 - Full Cleated Ends, Notched Cleats (Fig. 3)Style 4 - Exterior End Cleats (Fig. 4)Style 412 - Horizontal Exterior End Cleats (Fig. 4)Style 5 - Interior End Cleats (Fig. 5)Style 7 - Skidded Base with Separate Hood (Fig. 6)4.3 Water-Repellent Wood Preservative TreatmentTre

20、atment A - Without treatmentTreatment B - With treatment5. Ordering Information5.1 Purchasers should include the following information inprocurement documents:5.1.1 Specification title, number and date.8Available from the International Plant Protection Convention, http:/www.ippc.int.FIG. 1 Style 1 B

21、ox (Uncleated Ends)D6880/D6880M 1125.1.2 Box class, style and treatment (see 4.1-4.3).5.1.3 Description of contents and contents weight, if known.5.1.4 When alternate materials and construction methodsare acceptable and permitted (see 1.2).5.1.5 Inside box dimensions specified in inches mm inorder o

22、f length by width by height. (see 7.1).5.1.6 When cleats are cut or notched for water drainage (see7.3).5.1.7 When 2- or 4-way entry skids are required (see 7.4).5.1.8 When rubbing strips are required (see 7.4).5.1.9 When beveled skids are required (see 7.4).5.1.10 When re-closable top panel closure

23、 is required (see7.2.1).5.1.11 When water-repellant wood preservative treatment isrequired (see 7.6).5.1.12 When boxes are shipped assembled or knocked down(see 8.1).5.1.13 When special packing and marking of boxes arerequired (see 7.9).5.1.14 When ISPM 15-compliance is required (see 8.3).6. Materia

24、l6.1 Materials. All materials shall meet the requirements ofthis specification and referenced documents. Materials shall befree of defects, which adversely affect performance or service-ability of the finished box. Materials shall not affect or beaffected by the product being packed. The use of recy

25、cledmaterial is encouraged. All virgin, recycled and repair materi-als used in box manufacturing shall meet the requirements ofthis specification and the referenced documents.6.1.1 Lumber. Lumber shall conform to Practice D6199,PS-20, or the NHLA rules, as applicable. Tables 1 and 2 citenominal dime

26、nsions for wood pieces (commercial toleranceswill apply). Thicker or wider pieces is acceptable.FIG. 2 Style 2 Box (Full Cleated Ends, Butt Joints)D6880/D6880M 1136.1.2 Fasteners. Fasteners are classified as nails, lag bolts,bolts, nuts, screws, staples, and straps.6.1.2.1 Nails. Nails shall conform

27、 to Specification F1667and other industry standards. Nails are classified as plainshank,helically threaded, annularly threaded, fluted, or twisted squarewire.6.1.2.2 Lag bolts, bolts, screws, nuts and washers. Lagbolts, bolts, screws, nuts and washers conform to ASMEB18.2.1,(B18.2.3.8M), ASME B18.5

28、(B18.5.2.2M), ASMEB18.2.2 (B18.2.4.2M), ASME B18.22.1 (B18.22M), and otherindustry standards.6.1.2.3 Metallic StrapsStrapping used to reinforce boxshall conform to Specification D3953, Guide D4675, and otherindustry standards.6.1.3 Preservatives. Water-repellent wood preservativesshall be a solution

29、 containing either copper naphthenate,conforming with Practice D6253, MIL-DTL-2427H andAWPA Standards P36 with a minimum concentration of 2.0 %copper metal, oxine copper (formerly referred to as copper-8-quinolinolate) conforming with Practice D6253, MIL-DTL-2427H and AWPA Standard P37 with a minimu

30、m concentra-tion of 1.8 % copper metal, or 3 % zinc naphthenateconforming with Practice D6253 and MIL-DTL-2427H.7. Construction7.1 Dimensions. Boxes shall be designed to the cited insidelength, width and depth (see 5.1.4). A tolerance of 0, +14 inch6 mm shall be permitted.7.2 Box sides, tops, bottom

31、s and ends. Wood thickness shallbe as specified in Tables 1 and 2. No piece, shall be less than2 in. 50 mm wide. When a side, top, bottom or end isconstructed from more than one piece, the pieces shall bejoined with fasteners or adhesive.7.2.1 Re-closable top panel closure. The top shall be con-stru

32、cted with cleats on the underside that fits snugly inside thebox sides and ends. Closure can be completed with strapping,screws, bolts or other fasteners to allow easy opening andreclosure.FIG. 3 Style 2-12 Box (Full Cleated Ends; Notched Cleats)D6880/D6880M 1147.3 Cleats, battens and diagonals. Tab

33、les 1 and 2 cite therequired wood thickness and width. Wood shall be one piece upto 12 ft 3.7 m in length. Longer cleats shall be no more thantwo pieces, with no piece less than 3 ft 91 cm long. Cleatsmay be cut or notched to provide for water drainage.7.4 Skids. When a box is intended for use with

34、loadsresulting in a gross weight in excess of 200 pounds 91 kg orboxes with a gross weight in excess of 100 pounds 45 kg anda box length and width of 48 in. 1219 mm by 24 in. 610 mmor more, the box shall be fitted with skids. Skids shall measurea minimum of 2-12 in. 64 mm high and 3-12 in. 89 mmwide

35、. Skids shall be placed parallel to and extend the full widthof the box and shall be positioned not closer than 2-12 in. 64mm nor more than16 the box length from each end of the box.The distance between inside edges of skids shall not exceed 48in. 1219 mm. Additional skids, as required, shall be pos

36、i-tioned so as to divide the distance between skids into equaldistances. When bolt fastening is provided for the item beingpacked, skids shall be located to enable the item to be bolted tothe skids. Skids shall be fastened to the box. When 4-way forkentry is required, skids shall be a minimum of 3-1

37、2 by 3-12 in.89 by 89 mm, and cut out a minimum of 2 in. 51 mm indepth and of such width as to accommodate forks and slings forhandling. Note that forks are normally 6 by 2 in. in shape andare set 27 in. apart, outside to outside dimension. Skids may bebuilt with rubbing strips (see 5.1.8). Skids ma

38、y be beveled tofacilitate pushing or dragging of loads (see 5.1.9).7.5 Fastening of pieces and parts. Fastener spacing shall notexceed 4 in. 102 mm; except tops, where spacing shall notexceed 6 inches. Nails shall be located to minimize splitting ofwood. Overdriving of fasteners is discouraged. If f

39、asteners areoverdriven, protruding points shall be clinched or covered.7.6 Preservation. When boxes are treated with preservative,all exterior surfaces of the box shall be treated. All safety andenvironmental regulations shall be followed.7.7 Box styles.7.7.1 Style 1, Uncleated Ends (Fig. 1). A reco

40、mmendedmaximum box size is the sum of the length, width and heightshould not exceed 50 in. 1.3 m.7.7.2 Style 2, Full Cleated Ends, Butt Joints (Fig. 2). Thesides, top, and bottom shall be flush with the outside surface ofthe four cleats at each end.7.7.3 Style 2-12 , Full Cleated Ends, Notched Cleat

41、s (Fig.3). The four cleats at each end shall be notched. The sides, top,and bottom shall be flush with the outside surface of the fourcleats at each end.7.7.4 Style 4, Exterior End Cleats (Fig. 4). Each end shallhave two vertical exterior cleats.7.7.5 Style 412 , Horizontal Exterior End Cleats (Fig.

42、 4).Each end shall have two horizontal exterior cleats.7.7.6 Style 5, Interior End Cleats (Fig. 5). Cleats may betriangular or square. The sides, top, and bottom shall be flushwith the outside surface of the ends.7.7.7 Style 7, Skidded Base with Separate Hood (Fig. 6).The top, sides and ends shall b

43、e assembled together to form ahood. The hood will be fitted onto a skid. Reinforcement ofparts is recommended.FIG.4Style4and4-12 (Exterior End Cleats)D6880/D6880M 1157.8 Reinforcement. Reinforcement shall be used when un-supported spans of sides, ends or tops exceed 24 in. 610 mm.Cleats, battens and

44、 diagonals shall be used, as necessary (seeFig. 7).7.9 Marking. When specified, each box shall be markedwith:7.9.1 Specification number,7.9.2 Box class and style,FIG. 5 Style 5 Box (Interior End Cleats)D6880/D6880M 1167.9.3 Maximum contents weight (maximum gross weightmay also be desired),7.9.4 Manu

45、facturers name and address, or7.9.5 Boxes treated with preservative shall be marked. Theletters PA shall be permanently marked on all Treatment Bboxes treated with oxine copper with a minimum concentrationof 1.8 % copper metal in accordance with 6.1.3. The letters PBshall be permanently marked on al

46、l Treatment B boxes treatedwith 3 % zinc naphthenate in accordance with 6.1.3. The lettersPC shall be marked in all Treatment B boxes treated withcopper naphthenate with a minimum concentration of 2.0 %copper metal in accordance with 6.1.3.7.10 Boxes for Hazardous Materials Shipments. Regulatedcommo

47、dities shipments may require stronger constructedboxes than those specified herein. Use of these boxes forhazardous materials or regulated commodities shall conform toappropriate US Dept. of Transportation, international modalregulations, and applicable Department of Defense regula-tions7.11 Workman

48、ship. Boxes shall be constructed with propermaterials and techniques to produce a box that is of correctFIG. 6 Style 7 (Box with Separate Hood)TABLE 1 Nominal Dimensions of Lumber for Light Duty Boxes.Maximum contentsweight, lb kgBox Style Nominal piecethickness, in mmNominal cleat, batten,diagonal

49、thicknessand width, in mm100 45.4 134 20 -100 45.4 2, 3, 4, 412 ,5,712 1312 3 2133 50250 113.4 2, 3, 4, 412 ,5,734 2034 3 2203 50400 181.9 2, 3, 4, 412 ,5,734 2034 3 2-12 20 3 65600 272.2 2, 3, 7 1 2534 3 3-12 20 3 90800 362.9 2, 3, 7 1 25 1 3 3253 75TABLE 2 Nominal Dimensions of Lumber for Heavy Duty Boxes.Maximum contentsweight, lb kgBox Style Nominal piecethickness, inmmNominal cleat, batten,diagonal thicknessand width, in mm100 45.4 2, 3, 4, 4