ASTM D5268-2013 Standard Specification for Topsoil Used for Landscaping Purposes《绿化用表层土的标准规范》.pdf

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1、Designation: D5268 07D5268 13Standard Specification forTopsoil Used for Landscaping Purposes1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5268; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A nu

2、mber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers a physical evaluation of an inorganic soil containing a limited amount of organic material, relativeto its use

3、 as a topsoil for horticultural purposes in construction. For classification, a full agricultural textural classification may beused.1.2 The presence in the soil of the correct nutrients and pH status is necessary for healthy plant growth. This specification doesnot, however, cover a determination o

4、f the nutrients, nor their availability.2NOTE 1The nutrient content of topsoil is important and the nutrients usually evaluated are nitrogen, phosphate, and potassium. Nutrient deficienciesmay be corrected using organic or inorganic fertilizers. Excess soluble salts should be examined as to their de

5、sirability. The acidity or alkalinity of thesoil is also important. Excess acidity may be corrected by the application of lime. Excess alkalinity may be corrected by the application of sulfur or othersuitable acidifying compounds. The latter item, in addition to lowering pH, also could be considered

6、 as an aggregate when considering the particle sizedistribution.1.3 Typical general ranges of soil content are presented in Table 1. Soils falling within these ranges will generally form asuitable topsoil. It must, however, be recognized that in some geographic regions, concurrence with the values o

7、f Table 1 wouldbe most difficult. In such cases, locally acceptable specifications would need to be developed.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the saf

8、ety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D653 Terminology Relating to Soil,

9、 Rock, and Contained FluidsD1140 Test Methods for Amount of Material in Soils Finer than No. 200 (75-m) SieveD2974 Test Methods for Moisture, Ash, and Organic Matter of Peat and Other Organic SoilsD3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies Engaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and R

10、ock as Used inEngineering Design and ConstructionD4753 Guide for Evaluating, Selecting, and Specifying Balances and Standard Masses for Use in Soil, Rock, and ConstructionMaterials TestingD4972 Test Method for pH of SoilsD6026 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Geotechnical DataE11 Specificati

11、on for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test SievesE145 Specification for Gravity-Convection and Forced-Ventilation Ovens1 This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.22 on Soil as a Mediumfor Plant Growth.Cu

12、rrent edition approved Sept. 1, 2007June 1, 2013. Published October 2007July 2013. Originally approved in 1992. Last previous edition approved in 20022007 asD5268 02.D5268 07. DOI: 10.1520/D5268-07.10.1520/D5268-13.2 Nutrient testing procedures are found in the state Agricultural Experiment Station

13、recommendations from the state within which the landscape is located, “Methods ofSoil Analysis” Editor-in-Chief: C. A. Black, Agronomy No. 9, Vol 2, American Society of Agronomy, Inc., Madison, WI, and Hesse, P. R., A Textbook of Soil ChemicalAnalysis , Chemical Publishing Co., New York, NY, 1972.Nu

14、trient testing procedures are found in the state Agricultural Experiment Station recommendations from the statewithin which the landscape is located: Black, C. A. (editor-in-Chief), “Methods of Soil Analysis,” Agronomy No. 9, Vol 2, American Society of Agronomy, Inc., Madison,WI; and Hesse, P. R., A

15、 Textbook of Soil Chemical Analysis, Chemical Publishing Co., New York, NY, 1972.3 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page

16、on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that use

17、rs consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Consho

18、hocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13. Terminology3.1 Description of Term Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 topsoilusually the original surface layer of grassland or cultivated land. It does not generally include soil from peatlandspeat lands or other special areas, such as land disturbed by industri

19、al activity. Topsoil is usually a darker shade of brown, grey,or red than the subsoil that lies immediately beneath it, because it contains organic matter intimately mixed with the mineral matter.Topsoil tends to be more friable and pervious than inorganic soils.4. Significance and Use4.1 When physi

20、cally evaluating a soil, relative to its suitability to support plant growth (primarily grasses), tests must be madeto determine the presence and the amount of organic matter, inorganic matter (sand, silt and clay), and deleterious materials.4.2 Typical general ranges of soil content are presented i

21、n Table 1. Soils falling within these ranges will generally form asuitable topsoil. It must, however, be recognized that in some geographic regions, concurrence with the values of Table 1 wouldbe most difficult. In such cases, locally acceptable specifications would need to be developed.4.2 The qual

22、ity of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and thesuitability of the equipment and facilities used.Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capableof competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/

23、etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with PracticeD3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means ofevaluating some of those factors.5. Apparatus5.1 Sieves and Containers, in accordance with Test Method D

24、1140.5.2 Muffle Furnace, capable of producing the required ashing temperature in accordance with Test Methods D2974.5.3 BalancesBalances sensitive to 0.01g 0.01 g for samples less than 100 g, sensitive to 0.1 g for samples between 100 g and1000g, 1000 g, or sensitive to 1 g for samples over 1000 g.5

25、.4 Oven, meeting the requirements of Specification E145 and capable of being regulated to a constant temperature of 105 65C.6. Procedure6.1 Select a representative sample of the topsoil as indicated in Test Method D1140.6.2 Oven-dry the sample at 105 6 5C and determine its mass.6.3 Screen the sample

26、 over a No. 10 (2.00 mm) 2.00-mm (No. 10) sieve and identify this deleterious material fraction as rock,gravel, slag, cinder, roots, sod, and the like.6.4 Take a sample of the fraction passing the No. 10 (2.00 mm) 2.00-mm (No. 10) sieve and determine the percentage by massof organic matter fractions

27、 by ashing at 440C 440 6 40C using the techniques described in Test Methods D2974.6.5 Take another sample and test in accordance with Test Method D1140 to find the percentage of the minus No. 10 (2.00 mm)2.00-mm (No. 10) sieve fraction that is retained on the No. 200 (75 m) 75-m (No. 200) sieve. Tak

28、e care to agitate the samplesso that all organic matter beis decanted away. This The material that remains represents the sand content. Calculate the silt/claycontent of the minus No. 10 (2.00 mm) 2.00-mm (No. 10) sieve material as the difference between 100 and the sum of the sandand organic matter

29、 percentages.7. ReportReport: Test Data Sheet(s)/Form(s)7.1 Record as a minimum the following general information:7.1.1 Sample/specimen identifying information, such as Project No., Boring No., Sample No., Depth, etc.7.1.2 Any special selection and preparation process, such as removal of gravel or o

30、ther materials.TABLE 1 Specification for TopsoilCompositional Category Percentage by MassTotal Sample:Deleterious materials 5 max(rock, gravel, slag, cinder,roots, sod)Material passing the No. 10 (2 mm) sieve:Organic material 2 to 20Sand content 20 to 60Silt and clay content 35 to 70pH 5 to 7D5268 1

31、327.1.3 Technician name, method used and date.7.2 Report the percentages by mass of the following:7.2.1 Deleterious materials.7.2.2 Organic material.7.2.3 Sand content, and7.2.4 Silt and clay content.8. Keywords8.1 landscaping; organic material; plant growth; soil; topsoilSUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee

32、 D18 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue(D5268 02D5268 07) that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved Sept.June 1, 2007.)2013.)(1) Sieve designation inMinor style and Table 1 has been changed from No. 4 to No. 10 to be consistent with the re

33、ferenced testmethods.typos were changed.(2) Section 7 expanded.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such

34、 patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn.Your comments are invited

35、either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fa

36、ir hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this st

37、andard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).D5268 133