ASTM D5268-2007 Standard Specification for Topsoil Used for Landscaping Purposes《园林设计用耕作层土的标准规范》.pdf

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1、Designation: D 5268 07Standard Specification forTopsoil Used for Landscaping Purposes1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5268; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number i

2、n parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers a physical evaluation of aninorganic soil containing a limited amount of organic material,relative to its use as a

3、topsoil for horticultural purposes inconstruction. For classification, a full agricultural texturalclassification may be used.1.2 The presence in the soil of the correct nutrients and pHstatus is necessary for healthy plant growth. This specificationdoes not, however, cover a determination of the nu

4、trients, northeir availability.2NOTE 1The nutrient content of topsoil is important and the nutrientsusually evaluated are nitrogen, phosphate, and potassium. Nutrient defi-ciencies may be corrected using organic or inorganic fertilizers. Excesssoluble salts should be examined as to their desirabilit

5、y. The acidity oralkalinity of the soil is also important. Excess acidity may be corrected bythe application of lime. Excess alkalinity may be corrected by theapplication of sulfur or other suitable acidifying compounds. The latteritem, in addition to lowering pH, also could be considered as an aggr

6、egatewhen considering the particle size distribution.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-p

7、riate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D 653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and ContainedFluidsD 1140 Test Methods for Amount of Material in Soils Finerthan No. 200 (75-m) SieveD 2974 T

8、est Methods for Moisture, Ash, and Organic Mat-ter of Peat and Other Organic SoilsD 3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for AgenciesEngaged in the Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rockas Used in Engineering Design and ConstructionD 4753 Guide for Evaluating, Selecting, and SpecifyingBalances

9、 and Standard Masses for Use in Soil, Rock, andConstruction Materials TestingD 4972 Test Method for pH of SoilsD 6026 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Geotechni-cal DataE 11 Specification for Wire Cloth and Sieves for TestingPurposes3. Terminology3.1 Description of Term Specific to This Stan

10、dard:3.1.1 topsoilusually the original surface layer of grass-land or cultivated land. It does not generally include soil frompeatlands or other special areas, such as land disturbed byindustrial activity. Topsoil is usually a darker shade of brown,grey, or red than the subsoil that lies immediately

11、 beneath it,because it contains organic matter intimately mixed with themineral matter. Topsoil tends to be more friable and perviousthan inorganic soils.4. Significance and Use4.1 When physically evaluating a soil, relative to its suit-ability to support plant growth (primarily grasses), tests must

12、be made to determine the presence and the amount of organicmatter, inorganic matter (sand, silt and clay), and deleteriousmaterials.4.2 Typical general ranges of soil content are presented inTable 1. Soils falling within these ranges will generally form asuitable topsoil. It must, however, be recogn

13、ized that in somegeographic regions, concurrence with the values of Table 1would be most difficult. In such cases, locally acceptablespecifications would need to be developed.4.3 The quality of the result produced by this standard isdependent on the competence of the personnel performing it,and the

14、suitability of the equipment and facilities used.Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D 3740 are generallyconsidered capable of competent and objective testing/1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soiland Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee

15、D18.22 on Soil as aMedium for Plant Growth.Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2007. Published October 2007. Originallyapproved in 1992. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as D 5268 02.2Nutrient testing procedures are found in the state Agricultural ExperimentStation recommendations from the state

16、 within which the landscape is located,“Methods of Soil Analysis” Editor-in-Chief: C. A. Black, Agronomy No. 9, Vol 2,American Society of Agronomy, Inc., Madison, WI, and Hesse, P. R., A Textbook ofSoil Chemical Analysis , Chemical Publishing Co., New York, NY, 1972.3For referenced ASTM standards, v

17、isit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM Internationa

18、l, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are cautionedthat compliance with Practice D 3740 does not in itself assurereliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors;Practice D 3740 provides a means

19、 of evaluating some of thosefactors.5. Apparatus5.1 Sieves and Containers, in accordance with Test MethodD 1140.5.2 Muffle Furnace, capable of producing the requiredashing temperature in accordance with Test Methods D 2974.5.3 BalancesBalances sensitive to 0.01g for samples lessthan 100 g, sensitive

20、 to 0.1 g for samples between 100 g and1000g, or sensitive to 1 g for samples over 1000 g.6. Procedure6.1 Select a representative sample of the topsoil as indicatedin Test Method D 1140.6.2 Oven-dry the sample at 105 6 5C and determine itsmass.6.3 Screen the sample over a No. 10 (2.00 mm) sieve andi

21、dentify this deleterious material fraction as rock, gravel, slag,cinder, roots, sod, and the like.6.4 Take a sample of the fraction passing the No. 10 (2.00mm) sieve and determine the percentage by mass of organicmatter fractions by ashing at 440C using the techniquesdescribed in Test Methods D 2974

22、.6.5 Take another sample and test in accordance with TestMethod D 1140 to find the percentage of the minus No. 10(2.00 mm) sieve fraction that is retained on the No. 200 (75m) sieve. Take care to agitate the samples so that all organicmatter be decanted away. This represents the sand content.Calcula

23、te the silt/clay content of the minus No. 10 (2.00 mm)sieve material as the difference between 100 and the sum of thesand and organic matter percentages.7. Report7.1 Report the percentages by mass of the following:7.1.1 Deleterious materials.7.1.2 Organic material.7.1.3 Sand content, and7.1.4 Silt a

24、nd clay content.8. Keywords8.1 landscaping; organic material; plant growth; soil; topsoilSUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee D18 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue(D 5268 02) that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved Sept. 1, 2007.)(1) Sieve desig

25、nation in Table 1 has been changed from No. 4to No. 10 to be consistent with the referenced test methods.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that

26、 determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapprov

27、ed or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you fee

28、l that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual repr

29、ints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).TABLE 1 Specification for TopsoilCompositional Category Percentage by MassTotal Sample:Deleterious materials 5 max(rock, gravel, slag, cinder,roots, sod)Material passing the No. 10 (2 mm) sieve:Organic material 2 to 20Sand content 20 to 60Silt and clay content 35 to 70pH 5to7D5268072