ASTM D4057-2012 Standard Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products《石油和石油产品的手工抽样标准操作规程》.pdf
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1、Designation: D4057 06 (Reapproved 2011)D4057 12Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards (MPMS), Chapter 8.1Standard Practice forManual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4057; the number immediately following the designation indicates t
2、he year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the De
3、partment of Defense.INTRODUCTIONThe previous version of the manual sampling practice described the various sampling methods andapparatus, with much focus on crude oils and semi-solids and solids. Also, previous versions did notsignificantly address closed or restricted sampling, which continue to be
4、come more prevalent.This version will provide guidance on manual sampling terminology, concepts, equipment,containers, procedures, and will provide some specific guidance related to particular products andtests. The type and size of the sample obtained, and the handling method, will depend on the pu
5、rposefor which it was taken. Refer to the test method for any specific sampling and handling requirementsup to the point of testing. It remains the responsibility of the subcommittee for the relevant test methodto provide guidance, or warnings, regarding sample container selection; preparation; clea
6、nliness; heat,pressure, or light; sample size requirements for testing and retention; and any other special handlingrequirements necessary to ensure a representative sample is tested.In addition to the individual test method, for guidance on container, size, mixing and specialhandling, further guida
7、nce may be provided in Practice D5854 (API MPMS Chapter 8.3), PracticeD5842 (API MPMS Chapter 8.4), and Practice D4306. While this practice will provide some generalguidance regarding sample chain of custody, Guide D4840 should also be consulted.This document has been developed jointly between the A
8、merican Petroleum Institute (API) andASTM International.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers procedures and equipment for manually obtaining samples of liquid petroleum and petroleum products,crude oils, and intermediate products from the sample point into the primary container are described. Procedures
9、 are also includedfor the sampling of free water and other heavy components associated with petroleum and petroleum products.1.2 This practice also addresses the sampling of semi-liquid or solid-state petroleum products.1.3 This practice provides additional specific information about sample containe
10、r selection, preparation, and sample handling.1.4 This practice covers procedures for manually obtaining representative samples of petroleum products of a liquid,semi-liquid, or solid state whose vapor pressure at ambient conditions is below 101 kPa (14.7 psia). does not cover sampling ofelectrical
11、insulating oils and hydraulic fluids. If sampling is for the precise determination of volatility, use Practice D5842 (APIMPMS Chapter 8.4) in conjunction with this practice. For sample mixing and handling of samples, handling, refer to PracticeD5854 (API MPMS Chapter 8.3). The practice does not cove
12、r sampling of electrical insulating oils and hydraulic fluids.NOTE 1The procedures described in this practice may also be applicable in sampling most noncorrosive liquid industrial chemicals, provided thatall safety precautions specific to these chemicals are strictly followed.NOTE 2The procedure fo
13、r sampling liquefied petroleum gases is described in Practice D1265; the procedure for sampling fluid power hydraulic fluids1 This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and the API Committee on PetroleumMeasurement and i
14、s the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.02 /COMQ the joint ASTMAPI committee on Hydrocarbon Measurement for Custody Transfer (JointASTM-API).This test method practice has been approved by the sponsoring committees and accepted by the Cooperating Societies in accordance with established proce
15、dures.This test method practice was issued as a joint ASTM-API standard in 1981.Current edition approved June 1, 2011Dec. 1, 2012. Published August 2011October 2013. Originally approved in 1981. Last previous edition approved in 20062011 asD4057D4057 06 (2011).06. DOI: 10.1520/D4057-11.10.1520/D4057
16、-12.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior
17、 editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1is covered in ANSI B93.19 and B93.44; the pr
18、ocedure for sampling insulating oils is described in Practice D923; and the procedure for sampling naturalgas is described in Test Method D1145.NOTE 3The procedure for special fuel samples for trace metal analysis is described in an appendix to Specification D2880.1.5 The procedures described in thi
19、s practice may also be applicable in sampling most non-corrosive liquid industrial chemicalsprovided that all safety precautions specific to these chemicals are followed.Also, refer to Practice E300. The procedures describedin this practice are also applicable to sampling liquefied petroleum gases a
20、nd chemicals.Also refer to Practices D1265 and D3700.The procedure for sampling bituminous materials is described in Practice D140. Practice D4306 provides guidance on samplecontainers and preparation for sampling aviation fuel.1.6 UnitsThe values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standar
21、d. USC units are reflected in parentheses.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
22、limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at Atmospheric PressureD97 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum ProductsD140 Practice for Sampling Bituminous MaterialsD217 Test Methods for Cone Penetration of Lubricating G
23、reaseD244 Test Methods and Practices for Emulsified AsphaltsD268 Guide for Sampling and Testing Volatile Solvents and Chemical Intermediates for Use in Paint and Related Coatings andMaterialD287 Test Method for API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Petroleum Products (Hydrometer Method)D323 Test Method
24、 for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products (Reid Method)D346 Practice for Collection and Preparation of Coke Samples for Laboratory AnalysisD525D445 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Gasoline (Induction Period Method)Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent andOpaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynami
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