ASTM D2415-1998(2012) Standard Test Method for Ash in Coal Tar and Pitch《煤焦油和沥青中灰分的标准试验方法》.pdf

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1、Designation: D2415 98 (Reapproved 2012)Standard Test Method forAsh in Coal Tar and Pitch1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2415; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number

2、 in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of the ashcontent of tar and pitch.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.

3、 No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-b

4、ility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D370 Practice for Dehydration of Oil-Type PreservativesD4296 Practice for Sampling PitchE11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and TestSieves3. Summary of Test Method3.1 The sample is carefully volatil

5、ized and burned in amuffle furnace or by other suitable means, after which thecarbonaceous residue is completely oxidized and the remainingash stabilized at 900C in the muffle furnace.4. Significance and Use4.1 This test method determines the amount of inorganicmatter in the sample.5. Apparatus5.1 M

6、uffle FurnaceA muffle furnace with good air circu-lation and capable of having its temperature regulated at 900 610C.5.2 Dish or Crucible, porcelain, silica, or platinum, havinga capacity of 35 to 45 mL and a diameter at the top of 55 to 60mm.5.3 Sieve, U.S. Standard 600-m (No. 30), conforming toSpe

7、cification E11.6. Bulk Sampling6.1 Samples from shipments shall be taken in accordancewith Practice D4296 and shall be free of foreign substances.Thoroughly mix the sample immediately before removing arepresentative portion for the determination or for dehydration.7. Dehydration of Sample7.1 Hard Pi

8、tchIf the solid bulk sample contains freewater, air-dry a representative portion in a forced draft oven at50C.7.2 Soft PitchIf the presence of water is indicated bysurface foam on heating, maintain a representative portion ofthe bulk sample at a temperature between 125 and 150C in anopen container u

9、ntil the surface is free of foam. Take care notto overheat, and remove heat source immediately when foamsubsides.7.3 TarDehydrate a representative portion of the bulksample in accordance with Test Method D370, but stop thedistillation when the temperature reaches 170C. Separate anyoil from the water

10、 which has distilled over (if crystals arepresent, warm sufficiently to ensure their solution), and thor-oughly mix the oil with the residual tar in the still after thelatter has cooled to a moderate temperature.8. Preparation of Working Sample8.1 Hard PitchIf the pitch can be crushed at roomtempera

11、ture, prepare a 20-g working sample by suitablecrushing, mixing, and quartering of a representative portion ofthe dry sample. The crushing can be done with a small jawcrusher and a mullite mortar and pestle. No particle in therepresentative sample shall be larger than 5 mm in anydimension. Crush thi

12、s sample so that all of it will pass the600-m (No. 30) sieve.8.2 Soft PitchIf the pitch is too soft to grind and too stickyto mix, heat a representative portion of the dry sample to thelowest temperature that will permit passage through the1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committe

13、e D02 onPetroleum Products and Lubricantsand is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.05 on Properties of Fuels, Petroleum Coke and Carbon Material.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2012. Published November 2012. Originallyapproved in 1965. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D241598(200

14、8).DOI: 10.1520/D2415-98R12.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100

15、 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1600-m (No. 30) sieve, taking care to avoid excessive loss ofvolatile matter. Do not exceed 10 min for this melting period.Pass the heated sample through the 600-m sieve to removeforeign matter.8.3 TarHeat a representati

16、ve portion of the dry tar to thelowest temperature that will permit passage through the600-m (No. 30) sieve, then filter through this sieve to removeforeign matter.8.4 Preservation of SamplesStore samples as large lumpsor as solidified melts in closed containers. Do not save crushedsamples for futur

17、e analyses since changes in compositionsometimes occur in pulverized pitch.9. Procedure9.1 Ignite a clean dish or crucible for1hinthemufflefurnace at 900 6 10C. Cool slowly to about 100C, then placethe dish or crucible in a desiccator. When at room temperature,weigh to the nearest 0.1 mg.9.2 Transfe

18、r a 10-g portion of the representative, dehydratedsample to the tared dish or crucible and weigh to the nearest 0.1mg. Place the container and the sample in the cold mufflefurnace and gradually heat to redness at a rate that avoidsmechanical loss from boil-over or spattering, due to too rapidan expu

19、lsion of volatile matter. Instead of the muffle furnace, ahot plate or gas flame may be used to remove volatiles, as longas the same precautions against mechanical loss are taken.After the volatile matter has been driven off and a semi-cokeremains, complete the ignition in the muffle furnace at 900

20、610C. When all carbon appears to have burned off, cool thedish or crucible to about 100C before placing it in adesiccator. When at room temperature weigh to the nearest 0.1mg. Repeat the ignition at 900 6 10C for 30-min intervalsuntil constant weight is obtained.10. Calculation10.1 Calculate the ash

21、 content of the sample as follows:Ash, % 5 100A/B (1)where:A = weight of ash, andB = weight of sample.11. Report11.1 Report the weight percent of ash to the nearest 0.01 %.12. Precision and Bias12.1 The following criteria shall be used for judging theacceptability of results (95 % probability):12.1.

22、1 RepeatabilityDuplicate values by the same opera-tor shall not be considered suspect unless the determinedpercentages differ by more than 0.01.12.1.2 ReproducibilityThe values reported by each of twolaboratories, representing the arithmetic average of duplicatedeterminations, shall not be considere

23、d suspect unless thereported percentages differ by more than 0.03.12.2 BiasThis procedure has no bias because the value ofash is defined in terms of this test method.13. Keywords13.1 ash; inorganic matter; pitch; tarASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights as

24、serted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time

25、by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will rec

26、eive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM Int

27、ernational, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).D2415 98 (2012)2