ASTM D979 D979M-2012 Standard Practice for Sampling Bituminous Paving Mixtures 《沥青铺面混合料取样的标准操作规程》.pdf

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1、Designation:D979/D979M11 Designation: D979/D979M 12Standard Practice forSampling Bituminous Paving Mixtures1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D979/D979M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of

2、 last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1NOTEChanges were made editorially throughout th

3、e text in July 2006.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers sampling of bituminous paving mixtures at points of manufacture, storage, delivery, or in place.1.2The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are provided for informationpurposes only.1.2 The values

4、 stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in eachsystem may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from thetwo systems may result in non-conformance with the standar

5、d.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced D

6、ocuments2.1 ASTM Standards:2C702 Practice for Reducing Samples of Aggregate to Testing SizeD2041 Test Method for Theoretical Maximum Specific Gravity and Density of Bituminous Paving MixturesD2234/D2234M Practice for Collection of a Gross Sample of CoalD2726 Test Method for Bulk Specific Gravity and

7、 Density of Non-Absorptive Compacted Bituminous MixturesD3665 Practice for Random Sampling of Construction MaterialsD5361 Practice for Sampling Compacted Bituminous Mixtures for Laboratory TestingD5444 Test Method for Mechanical Size Analysis of Extracted AggregateD6307 Test Method for Asphalt Conte

8、nt of Hot-Mix Asphalt by Ignition MethodD6925 Test Method for Preparation and Determination of the Relative Density of Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) Specimens byMeans of the Superpave Gyratory CompactorD6926 Practice for Preparation of Bituminous Specimens Using Marshall ApparatusD6927 Test Method for Marsh

9、all Stability and Flow of Bituminous MixturesE105 Practice for Probability Sampling of MaterialsE122 Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate, With Specified Precision, the Average for a Characteristic of a Lot orProcessE141 Practice for Acceptance of Evidence Based on the Results of Probabi

10、lity Sampling3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 field sample, na quantity of the material to be tested of sufficient size to provide an acceptable estimate of the averagequality of a unit.3.1.2 increment, npart of a sample.1This practice is under the jurisdiction

11、of ASTM Committee D04 on Road and Paving Materials and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.30 on Methodsof Sampling.Current edition approved June 15, 2011. Published July 2011. Originally approved in 1948. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as D97906e01. DOI:10.1520/D0979_D0979M-11

12、.Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2012. Published February 2012. Originally approved in 1948. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as D979 11. DOI:10.1520/D0979_D0979M-12.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For

13、Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.1This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may no

14、t be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor D

15、rive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.1.3 lot, na sizable isolated quantity of bulk material from a single source, assumed to have been produced by the sameprocess (for example, a days production or a specific mass or volume).3.1.4 test portion, na quantity of the mate

16、rial of sufficient size extracted from the larger field sample by a procedure designedto ensure accurate representation of the field sample, and thus of the unit sampled.3.1.5 unit, na batch or finite subdivision of a lot of bulk material (for example, a truck load or a specific area covered).4. Sig

17、nificance and Use4.1 General:4.1.1 Sampling is equally as important as the testing, and the sampler shall take every precaution to obtain samples that willyield an acceptable estimate of the nature and conditions of the materials which they represent.4.1.2 Samples for the development of preliminary

18、data are obtained by the party responsible for the development of the data.Samples for control of the product at the source of manufacture or storage, or at the site of use, are obtained by the manufacturer,contractor, or other parties responsible for accomplishing the work. Samples for tests to be

19、used in acceptance or rejection decisionsby the purchaser are obtained by the purchaser or his authorized representative.4.1.3 This standard shall not be used for the sampling of compacted bituminous paving mixtures. D5361 shall be used.5. Procedure5.1 InspectionThe material shall be inspected to de

20、termine discernible variations. The seller shall provide equipment neededfor safe and appropriate inspection and sampling.5.2 SamplingThe procedures for selecting locations or times for sampling are described in Practice D3665.5.2.1 Sampling from a Conveyor BeltStop the conveyor belt. Randomly selec

21、t at least three areas of approximately equal sizeon the belt for sampling. In each of the locations to be sampled, insert templates, the shape of which conform to the shape of thebelt. From the selected areas obtain approximately equal increments of material which will form a sample whose quantity

22、equalsor exceeds the minimum recommended in 5.3.2. Carefully scoop all material between templates into a suitable container.5.2.2 Sampling from Truck TransportsBy a random method, select the units to be sampled from the production of materialsdelivered. Obtain at least three approximately equal incr

23、ements. Avoid sampling the extreme top surface. Select at random fromthe unit being sampled and combine to form a field sample whose quantity equals or exceeds the minimum recommended in 5.3.2.The sample may be obtained by collecting the increments with a scoop or shovel.5.2.3 Sampling from the Road

24、way Prior to CompactionWhen only one sample is to be taken, obtain at least threeapproximately equal increments, selected at random from the unit being sampled, and combine to form a field sample whosequantity equals or exceeds the minimum recommended in 5.3.2.5.2.3.1 When three or more samples are

25、to be taken in order to evaluate a lot of material, utilize a random method to determinethe locations to be sampled. Select a sample, consisting of approximately three equal increments, from each location, assuring thequantity of each sample exceeds the minimum recommended in 5.3.2.5.2.3.2 Take all

26、increments or samples from the roadway for the full depth of the material, taking care to exclude any underlyingmaterial. When necessary, place templates on the existing roadway to exclude any underlying material. Clearly mark the specifiedarea from which each increment or sample is to be removed. T

27、emplates which are placed before the mixture is spread will be adefinite aid securing increments of approximately equal mass.5.2.4 Sampling from a Skip Conveyor Delivering Mixture to Bin StorageSelect the units to be sampled from the skip conveyorby a random method based on the bins storage capacity

28、. Stop the skip conveyor immediately following pug mill discharge. Diga furrow 150 mm (6 in.)6 in. in depth extending from the top to the bottom of the pile. Obtain three approximately equalincrements from the top, middle, and bottom of the furrow depositing each increment in a container. The combin

29、ed incrementsshould form a field sample whose quantity equals or exceeds the minimum recommended in 5.3.2.5.2.5 Sampling from a Funnel Device Feeding a Conveyor for Mixture Delivery to StorageSelect the units to be sampled fromthe funnel device by a random method based on the bins maximum storage ca

30、pacity. Obtain at least three approximately equalincrements of material for each sample by passing a bucket or pan or other suitable container across the full flow of materials asit drops from the funnel device onto the conveyor. The combined portions should form a field sample whose quantity equals

31、 orexceeds the minimum recommended in 5.3.2.5.2.6 Sampling from Bituminous Cold Mix StockpilesCold mixes that are in a stockpile for some time may develop a cruston the surface of the pile. This crust should be removed to a depth of 100 mm, over an area of one square meter, to expose theunweathered

32、mix. Stir the exposed stockpile and obtain three approximately equal samples selected at random from the unit beingsampled, and combine to form a field sample whose quantity equals or exceeds the minimum recommended in 5.3.2.5.2.6.1 When three or more samples are to be taken, sample in accordance wi

33、th 5.2.3.1.5.3 Number and Quantities of Field Samples:5.3.1 The number of field samples (obtained by one of the methods described in 5.2) required depends on the criticality of, andvariation in, the properties to be measured. Designate each unit from which a field sample is to be obtained prior to s

34、ampling. Thenumber of field samples from the production should be sufficient to give the desired confidence in test results.NOTE 1Guidance for determining the number of samples required to obtain the desired level of confidence in test results may be found in MethodD2234/D2234M, Practice E105, Pract

35、ice E122, and Practice E141.D979/D979M 122NOTE 2The unit to be represented by a single field sample should not be so large as to mask the effects of significant variability within the unit. Norshould a unit be so small as to be affected by the inherent variability between small portions of any bulk

36、material.NOTE 3A unit of bulk material composed of graded aggregate or aggregate mixtures might consist of a full truckload. If it were possible, the entireload might be tested as a practical matter. A field sample is composed of three or more increments chosen at random from the material as it is l

37、oadedor unloaded from the truck. Research has shown that such a procedure permits an acceptable estimate to be made of the average gradation that mightbe measured from 15 or 20 increments from the truck.NOTE 4Significant variability within a lot of material, where it might exist, should be indicated

38、 by statistical measures, such as the standard deviationbetween units selected at random from within the lot.5.3.2 The quantities of the material in the sample depend on the type and number of tests to which the material is to be subjected,and sufficient material must be obtained to provide for the

39、proper execution of these tests. Standard control and acceptance testsare covered byASTM Standards and specify the portion of the field sample required for each specific test. Table 1 provides a guideof the minimum amounts of bituminous mixture that will be needed for routine testing for test method

40、s D6307, D5444, D2041,D2726, D6925, D6926, D6927. If there are to be additional tests, the amount of sample must be increased. Extract test portionsfrom the field sample by quartering or splitting in a similar manner to Practice . If there are to be additional tests, the sample sizemust be increased

41、. If there are fewer tests to be performed, adjust the size of the sample accordingly. Extract test portions fromthe field sample by quartering or splitting in a similar manner to Practice C702 or as required by other applicable test methods.6. Shipping Samples6.1 Transport samples in containers so

42、constructed as to preclude loss or contamination of any part of the sample, or damageto the contents from mishandling during shipment.6.2 Samples shall have individual identification attached giving the information required by the sample user. Typicalinformation that may be useful could include, but

43、 not necessarily be limited to, the following:6.2.1 Job for which the material is to be used, giving project number, highway route number, county, and other pertinentgeographical information,6.2.2 Source of sample, including for plant-mixed samples the name of owner or operator of plant, location of

44、 plant, type ofplant, size of batch, and identification of bitumen and mineral aggregates used in the mixture,6.2.3 Point at which sampled, for samples taken from roadway, both by station number and location transversely in pavement;also whether sampled from completed pavement, windrow, etc.,6.2.4 Q

45、uantity represented,6.2.5 By whom sampled and title,6.2.6 Date of most recent mixing, if road-mixed,6.2.7 Date sampled,6.2.8 By whom submitted and address,6.2.9 Purpose for which sample was taken, and6.2.10 To whom report is to be made.7. Keywords7.1 asphalt paving mixture; bituminous paving mixture

46、; samplingTABLE 1 Guide for Estimating Quantity of SampleNominalMaximum Sizeof AggregatesAUncompacted MixtureApproximate Mass ofUncompactedMixture,min, kg ( lb)Approximate VolumeL Gal2.36-mm (No. 8) 2 (4)2 822.36-mm No. 8 10 22 824.75-mm (No. 4) 2 (4)2 824.75-mm No. 4 10 22 829.5-mm (38-in.) 4 (8)16

47、 35 12 39.5-mm 38-in. 16 35 12 312.5-mm (12-in.) 5( 12)12.5-mm 12-in. 20 45 15 419.0-mm (34-in.) 7 (20 45 16)19.0-mm 34-in. 20 45 15 425.0-mm (1-in.) 9 (20)4 52 18 525.0-mm 1-in. 24 52 18 537.5-mm (112-in.) 11 (30 66 25)37.5-mm 112-in. 30 66 22 650-mm (2-in.) 16 (35) 75 22 650-mm 2-in. 35 75 22 6ATh

48、e nominal maximum size of aggregate is the largest sieve size listed in theapplicable specification upon which any material is permitted to be retained.D979/D979M 123ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin thi

49、s standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should