ASTM D979 D979M-2011 Standard Practice for Sampling Bituminous Paving Mixtures《沥青铺面混合料取样的标准操作规程》.pdf

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1、Designation: D979/D979M 11Standard Practice forSampling Bituminous Paving Mixtures1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D979/D979M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number

2、in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1NOTEChanges were made editorially throughout the text in July 2006.1. Sc

3、ope1.1 This practice covers sampling of bituminous pavingmixtures at points of manufacture, storage, delivery, or inplace.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values in parentheses are provided for informa-tion purposes only.1.3 This standard does not purport to a

4、ddress all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C702 Practi

5、ce for Reducing Samples of Aggregate to Test-ing SizeD2041 Test Method for Theoretical Maximum SpecificGravity and Density of Bituminous Paving MixturesD2234/D2234M Practice for Collection of a Gross Sampleof CoalD2726 Test Method for Bulk Specific Gravity and Densityof Non-Absorptive Compacted Bitu

6、minous MixturesD3665 Practice for Random Sampling of Construction Ma-terialsD5361 Practice for Sampling Compacted Bituminous Mix-tures for Laboratory TestingD5444 Test Method for Mechanical Size Analysis of Ex-tracted AggregateD6307 Test Method for Asphalt Content of Hot-Mix As-phalt by Ignition Met

7、hodD6925 Test Method for Preparation and Determination ofthe Relative Density of Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) Speci-mens by Means of the Superpave Gyratory CompactorD6926 Practice for Preparation of Bituminous SpecimensUsing Marshall ApparatusD6927 Test Method for Marshall Stability and Flow ofBituminous M

8、ixturesE105 Practice for Probability Sampling of MaterialsE122 Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate,With Specified Precision, the Average for a Characteristicof a Lot or ProcessE141 Practice for Acceptance of Evidence Based on theResults of Probability Sampling3. Terminology3.1 Definitio

9、ns of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 field sample, na quantity of the material to be testedof sufficient size to provide an acceptable estimate of theaverage quality of a unit.3.1.2 increment, npart of a sample.3.1.3 lot, na sizable isolated quantity of bulk materialfrom a single source, assu

10、med to have been produced by thesame process (for example, a days production or a specificmass or volume).3.1.4 test portion, na quantity of the material of sufficientsize extracted from the larger field sample by a proceduredesigned to ensure accurate representation of the field sample,and thus of

11、the unit sampled.3.1.5 unit, na batch or finite subdivision of a lot of bulkmaterial (for example, a truck load or a specific area covered).4. Significance and Use4.1 General:4.1.1 Sampling is equally as important as the testing, andthe sampler shall take every precaution to obtain samples thatwill

12、yield an acceptable estimate of the nature and conditionsof the materials which they represent.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Road andPaving Materials and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.30 onMethods of Sampling.Current edition approved June 15, 2

13、011. Published July 2011. Originallyapproved in 1948. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as D979 06e01. DOI:10.1520/D0979_D0979M-11.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume in

14、formation, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.4.1.2 Samples for the development of preliminary data areobtained by the party responsible for the development

15、 of thedata. Samples for control of the product at the source ofmanufacture or storage, or at the site of use, are obtained by themanufacturer, contractor, or other parties responsible for ac-complishing the work. Samples for tests to be used in accep-tance or rejection decisions by the purchaser ar

16、e obtained bythe purchaser or his authorized representative.4.1.3 This standard shall not be used for the sampling ofcompacted bituminous paving mixtures. D5361 shall be used.5. Procedure5.1 InspectionThe material shall be inspected to deter-mine discernible variations. The seller shall provide equi

17、pmentneeded for safe and appropriate inspection and sampling.5.2 SamplingThe procedures for selecting locations ortimes for sampling are described in Practice D3665.5.2.1 Sampling from a Conveyor BeltStop the conveyorbelt. Randomly select at least three areas of approximatelyequal size on the belt f

18、or sampling. In each of the locations tobe sampled, insert templates, the shape of which conform to theshape of the belt. From the selected areas obtain approximatelyequal increments of material which will form a sample whosequantity equals or exceeds the minimum recommended in5.3.2. Carefully scoop

19、 all material between templates into asuitable container.5.2.2 Sampling from Truck TransportsBy a randommethod, select the units to be sampled from the production ofmaterials delivered. Obtain at least three approximately equalincrements. Avoid sampling the extreme top surface. Select atrandom from

20、the unit being sampled and combine to form afield sample whose quantity equals or exceeds the minimumrecommended in 5.3.2. The sample may be obtained bycollecting the increments with a scoop or shovel.5.2.3 Sampling from the Roadway Prior to CompactionWhen only one sample is to be taken, obtain at l

21、east threeapproximately equal increments, selected at random from theunit being sampled, and combine to form a field sample whosequantity equals or exceeds the minimum recommended in5.3.2.5.2.3.1 When three or more samples are to be taken in orderto evaluate a lot of material, utilize a random metho

22、d todetermine the locations to be sampled. Select a sample,consisting of approximately three equal increments, from eachlocation, assuring the quantity of each sample exceeds theminimum recommended in 5.3.2.5.2.3.2 Take all increments or samples from the roadway forthe full depth of the material, ta

23、king care to exclude anyunderlying material. When necessary, place templates on theexisting roadway to exclude any underlying material. Clearlymark the specified area from which each increment or sampleis to be removed. Templates which are placed before themixture is spread will be a definite aid se

24、curing increments ofapproximately equal mass.5.2.4 Sampling from a Skip Conveyor Delivering Mixture toBin StorageSelect the units to be sampled from the skipconveyor by a random method based on the bins storagecapacity. Stop the skip conveyor immediately following pugmill discharge. Dig a furrow 150

25、 mm (6 in.) in depth extendingfrom the top to the bottom of the pile. Obtain three approxi-mately equal increments from the top, middle, and bottom ofthe furrow depositing each increment in a container. Thecombined increments should form a field sample whosequantity equals or exceeds the minimum rec

26、ommended in5.3.2.5.2.5 Sampling from a Funnel Device Feeding a Conveyorfor Mixture Delivery to StorageSelect the units to besampled from the funnel device by a random method based onthe bins maximum storage capacity. Obtain at least threeapproximately equal increments of material for each sample byp

27、assing a bucket or pan or other suitable container across thefull flow of materials as it drops from the funnel device ontothe conveyor. The combined portions should form a fieldsample whose quantity equals or exceeds the minimum recom-mended in 5.3.2.5.2.6 Sampling from Bituminous Cold Mix Stockpil

28、esCold mixes that are in a stockpile for some time may developa crust on the surface of the pile. This crust should be removedto a depth of 100 mm, over an area of one square meter, toexpose the unweathered mix. Stir the exposed stockpile andobtain three approximately equal samples selected at rando

29、mfrom the unit being sampled, and combine to form a fieldsample whose quantity equals or exceeds the minimum recom-mended in 5.3.2.5.2.6.1 When three or more samples are to be taken, samplein accordance with 5.2.3.1.5.3 Number and Quantities of Field Samples:5.3.1 The number of field samples (obtain

30、ed by one of themethods described in 5.2) required depends on the criticalityof, and variation in, the properties to be measured. Designateeach unit from which a field sample is to be obtained prior tosampling. The number of field samples from the productionshould be sufficient to give the desired c

31、onfidence in testresults.NOTE 1Guidance for determining the number of samples required toobtain the desired level of confidence in test results may be found inMethod D2234/D2234M, Practice E105, Practice E122, and PracticeE141.NOTE 2The unit to be represented by a single field sample should notbe so

32、 large as to mask the effects of significant variability within the unit.Nor should a unit be so small as to be affected by the inherent variabilitybetween small portions of any bulk material.NOTE 3A unit of bulk material composed of graded aggregate oraggregate mixtures might consist of a full truc

33、kload. If it were possible,the entire load might be tested as a practical matter. A field sample iscomposed of three or more increments chosen at random from the materialas it is loaded or unloaded from the truck. Research has shown that sucha procedure permits an acceptable estimate to be made of t

34、he averagegradation that might be measured from 15 or 20 increments from thetruck.NOTE 4Significant variability within a lot of material, where it mightexist, should be indicated by statistical measures, such as the standarddeviation between units selected at random from within the lot.5.3.2 The qua

35、ntities of the material in the sample depend onthe type and number of tests to which the material is to besubjected, and sufficient material must be obtained to providefor the proper execution of these tests. Standard control andacceptance tests are covered by ASTM Standards and specifythe portion o

36、f the field sample required for each specific test.D979/D979M 112Table 1 provides a guide of the minimum amounts of bitumi-nous mixture that will be needed for routine testing for testmethods D6307, D5444, D2041, D2726, D6925, D6926,D6927. If there are to be additional tests, the amount of samplemus

37、t be increased. Extract test portions from the field sampleby quartering or splitting in a similar manner to Practice C702or as required by other applicable test methods.6. Shipping Samples6.1 Transport samples in containers so constructed as topreclude loss or contamination of any part of the sampl

38、e, ordamage to the contents from mishandling during shipment.6.2 Samples shall have individual identification attachedgiving the information required by the sample user. Typicalinformation that may be useful could include, but not neces-sarily be limited to, the following:6.2.1 Job for which the mat

39、erial is to be used, giving projectnumber, highway route number, county, and other pertinentgeographical information,6.2.2 Source of sample, including for plant-mixed samplesthe name of owner or operator of plant, location of plant, typeof plant, size of batch, and identification of bitumen andminer

40、al aggregates used in the mixture,6.2.3 Point at which sampled, for samples taken fromroadway, both by station number and location transversely inpavement; also whether sampled from completed pavement,windrow, etc.,6.2.4 Quantity represented,6.2.5 By whom sampled and title,6.2.6 Date of most recent

41、mixing, if road-mixed,6.2.7 Date sampled,6.2.8 By whom submitted and address,6.2.9 Purpose for which sample was taken, and6.2.10 To whom report is to be made.7. Keywords7.1 asphalt paving mixture; bituminous paving mixture;samplingASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any p

42、atent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revisi

43、on at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your co

44、mments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrigh

45、ted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e

46、-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).TABLE 1 Guide for Estimating Quantity of SampleNominal Maximum Sizeof AggregatesAApproximate Mass of UncompactedMixture, min, kg (lb)2.36

47、-mm (No. 8) 2 (4)4.75-mm (No. 4) 2 (4)9.5-mm (38-in.) 4 (8)12.5-mm (12-in.) 5 (12)19.0-mm (34-in.) 7 (16)25.0-mm (1-in.) 9 (20)37.5-mm (112-in.) 11 (25)50-mm (2-in.) 16 (35)AThe nominal maximum size of aggregate is the largest sieve size listed in theapplicable specification upon which any material is permitted to be retained.D979/D979M 113