ASTM D178-2001(2005) Standard Specification for Rubber Insulating Matting《橡胶绝缘垫子的标准规范》.pdf

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1、Designation: D 178 01 (Reapproved 2005)Standard Specification forRubber Insulating Matting1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 178; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A numb

2、er in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers acceptance testing of rubberins

3、ulating matting for use as a floor covering for protection ofworkers.1.2 Two types of matting, differing in chemical and physicalcharacteristics, are provided and are designated as Type I andType II matting.1.3 The following safety hazards caveat applies only to thetest method portion, Sections 17 t

4、o 19, of this specification:This standard does not purport to address all of the safetyconcerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety andhealth practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to

5、 use.NOTE 1Rubber insulating matting should remain flexible for usethrough normal temperature ranges.NOTE 2Rubber as used in this specification is a generic term thatincludes elastomers and elastomer compounds, regardless of origin.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 149 Test Method for Die

6、lectric Breakdown Voltage andDielectric Strength of Solid Electrical Insulating Materialsat Commercial Power FrequenciesD 297 Test Methods for Rubber ProductsChemicalAnalysisD 412 Test Methods for Vulcanized Rubber and Thermo-plastic Rubbers and Thermoplastic ElastomersTensionD 471 Test Method for R

7、ubber PropertyEffect of LiquidsD 518 Test Method for Rubber DeteriorationSurfaceCrackingD 570 Test Method for Water Absorption of PlasticsD 573 Test Method for Rubber Deterioration in an AirOvenD 1692 Test Method for Rate of Burning or Extent andTime of Burning of Cellular Plastics Using a SpecimenS

8、upported by a Horizontal Screen32.2 American National Standard:4ANSI C84.1 Voltage Ratings for Electric Power Systemsand Equipment (60 Hz)3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 user, nas used in 4.3.1, the entity employing theactual worker(s) utilizing the equipment; if no separate em-ployer, then the

9、individual.3.1.2 voltage, maximum retest, nvoltage, either ac rms ordc avg, which is equal to the proof-test voltage for newprotective equipment.3.1.3 voltage, retest, nvoltage, either ac rms or dc avg,that used protective equipment must be capable of withstand-ing for a specified test period withou

10、t breakdown.3.1.4 voltage, nominal design, na nominal value consis-tent with the latest revision of ANSI C84.1, assigned to thecircuit or system for the purpose of conveniently designatingits voltage class.3.1.5 voltage, maximum use, nthe ac voltage (rms) clas-sification of the protective equipment

11、that designates themaximum nominal design voltage of the energized system thatmay be safely worked. The nominal design voltage is equal tophase-to-phase voltage on multiphase circuits.3.1.5.1 If there is no multiphase exposure in a system area,and the voltage exposure is limited to phase (polarity o

12、n dcsystems) to ground potential, the phase (polarity on dc sys-tems) to ground potential shall be considered to be the nominaldesign voltage.3.1.5.2 If electrical equipment and devices are insulated, orisolated, or both, such that the multiphase exposure on a1This specification is under the jurisdi

13、ction of ASTM Committee F18 onElectrical Protective Equipment for Workers and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee F18.25 on Insulating Cover-Up Equipment. This standard replacesANSI Standard J 6.7, which is no longer available.Current edition approved Nov. 15, 2005. Published November 2005.

14、Originallyapproved in 1923. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as D 178 01e2.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page

15、 onthe ASTM website.3Withdrawn.4Available from American National Standards Institute, 11 West 42nd Street,13th Floor, New York, NY 10036.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.grounded wye circuit is removed, then the nomina

16、l designvoltage may be considered as the phase-to-ground voltage onthat circuit.4. Significance and Use4.1 This specification covers the minimum electrical,chemical, and physical properties guaranteed by the manufac-turer and the detailed procedures by which such properties areto be determined. The

17、purchaser may at his option perform orhave performed any of these tests in order to verify theguarantee. Claims for failure to meet the specification aresubject to verification by the manufacturer.4.2 Rubber insulating matting is used for personal protec-tion; therefore when authorizing its use a ma

18、rgin of safetyshould be allowed between the maximum voltage at which it isused and the proof-test voltage at which it is tested. Therelationship between proof-test and the maximum voltage atwhich matting shall be used is shown in Table 1.4.3 Work practices vary from user to user, depending uponmany

19、factors. These may include, but are not limited to,operating system voltages, construction design, work proce-dures and techniques, weather conditions etc. Therefore, ex-cept for the restrictions set forth in this specification because ofdesign limitations, the use and maintenance of this equipmenti

20、s beyond the scope of this specification4.3.1 It is common practice and the responsibility of the userof this type of protective equipment to prepare completeinstructions and regulations to govern the correct and safe useof such equipment.5. Classification5.1 Matting covered under this specification

21、 shall be desig-nated as Type I or Type II; Class 0, Class 1, Class 2, Class 3,or Class 4.5.1.1 Type I, made of any elastomer or combination ofelastomer compounds, properly vulcanized.5.1.2 Type II, made of any elastomer or combination ofelastomeric compounds with one or more of the followingspecial

22、 properties:5.1.2.1 AOzone resistance5.1.2.2 BFlame resistance5.1.2.3 COil resistance5.1.3 The class designation shall be based on the electricalproperties as shown in Table 2.6. Ordering Information6.1 Orders for matting under this specification should in-clude the following information:6.1.1 Type,

23、6.1.2 Class,6.1.3 Thickness,6.1.4 Width,6.1.5 Length, and6.1.6 Color.6.2 The listing of types, classes, thicknesses, widths,lengths, and colors is not intended to mean that all shallnecessarily be available from manufacturers; it signifies onlythat, if made, they shall conform to the details of this

24、specification.7. Manufacture and Marking7.1 The matting shall consist of a rubber compound with asmooth, corrugated, or diamond design on one surface and maybe backed with fabric, or may have one or more fabric inserts.The back of the matting may be finished with cloth imprint orother slip-resistant

25、 material. Any such fabric insert shall notaffect adversely the dielectric characteristics of the matting.7.2 Each piece of matting shall be marked clearly andpermanently at a maximum interval of1m(3ft)with the nameof the manufacturer or supplier, ASTM D178, type, and class.8. Dimensions and Permiss

26、ible Variations8.1 WidthStandard widths shall be 610 6 13 mm (24.0 60.5 in.), 760 6 13 mm (30.0 6 0.5 in.), 914 6 25 mm (36 61 in.) and 12206 25 mm (48 6 1 in.).8.2 ThicknessThe thickness of the matting shall be asspecified in Table 3. Measurements shall be made over thecorrugations or diamonds. The

27、 corrugations shall be not morethan 3.2 mm (0.125 in.) deep. The diamonds shall not be higherthan 1.6 mm (0.062 in.).9. Workmanship and Finish9.1 The matting shall be free of harmful physical irregulari-ties, which can be detected by thorough test or inspection.9.1.1 Nonharmful IrregularitiesSurface

28、 irregularities maybe present on all rubber matting due to imperfections in moldsand inherent difficulties in the manufacturing processes. Theseirregularities may appear as indentations, protuberances, orimbedded foreign material that are acceptable provided that:9.1.1.1 The indentation or protubera

29、nce tends to blend intoa smooth slope upon stretching of the material.9.1.1.2 The rubber thickness at any irregularity conforms tothe thickness requirements.9.1.1.3 Foreign material remains in place when the mattingis bent and stretches equally with the material surrounding it.10. Chemical and Physi

30、cal Requirements10.1 Insulating matting shall conform to the physical re-quirements in Table 4. For Type II matting, flame or oilTABLE 1 Proof Test/Use Voltage RelationshipNOTE 1The ac voltage (rms) classification of the protective equip-ment designates the maximum nominal design voltage of the ener

31、gizedsystem that may be safely worked. The nominal design voltage is equal to:a. The phase to phase on multiphase circuits orb. The phase to ground voltage on single phase grounded circuits.Class of Insulat-ing MattingNominal MaximumUse VoltageAPhase-Phaseac rms, maxAC Proof-Test Volt-age, rms VDC P

32、roof-Test Volt-age, avg, V0 1 000 5 000 20 0001 7 500 10 000 40 0002 17 000 20 000 50 0003 26 500 30 000 60 0004 36 000 40 000 70 000AExcept for Class O equipment, the maximum use voltage is based on thefollowing formula:Maximum use voltage (maximum nominal design voltage) 0.95 ac proof-testvoltage

33、2000D 178 01 (2005)2resistance can be determined by conducting the tests in 19.2.5or 19.2.6, respectively.11. Electrical Requirements11.1 The entire length of each roll of matting when new(unused) shall withstand the 60-Hz ac proof-test voltage (rmsvalue) or the dc proof-test voltage (average value)

34、 specified inTable 2. The test voltage shall be applied continuously for 1min.11.2 The matting material when tested between 50-mm(2-in.) disk electrodes with edges rounded to a radius of 6 mm(0.25 in.), shall show a 60-Hz dielectric strength of not lessthan the requirements shown in Table 2 for the

35、thickness ofeach individual specimen.11.3 The Type IIA matting material shall show no visibleeffects from ozone when tested in accordance with 18.6.1,or18.6.2. In case of dispute, MethodAof the ozone resistance testshall be the referee test.12. Guarantee12.1 The manufacturer or supplier shall replac

36、e, withoutcharge to the purchaser, unused matting which, at any timewithin a period of nine (9) months from date of initial deliveryof shipment to the purchaser or his designee, fail to pass thetests in this specification. This guarantee will be binding on themanufacturer or supplier only if the mat

37、ting has been properlystored and has not been subjected to more than an originalacceptance test and one retest.12.2 Any acceptance test made by the purchaser, or thepurchasers designee, shall be performed within the first two(2) months of the guarantee period unless otherwise specified.NOTE 3Proper

38、storage means that the matting is stored withoutdistortion, and not stored directly above or in proximity to steam pipes,radiators, or other sources of artificial heat, or exposed to direct sunlightor sources of ozone. It is desirable that the ambient storage temperatureshall not exceed 35C (95F).13

39、. Sampling13.1 Each roll of matting in a lot or shipment shall besubject to inspection and test by the manufacturer includingelectrical proof test to levels required in Table 2 of thisspecification.13.2 An original sample of sufficient material shall be cutfrom the end of a roll or rolls selected fr

40、om the lot for the testrequirements of Section 10, 11.2, and 11.3. A lot is defined asthat quantity of material produced by a common manufacturingprocess during a consecutive time period not to exceed 24 h. Iffailure occurs in the first sample, a second sample of the samequantity shall be selected a

41、nd tested.14. Rejection14.1 Individual rolls shall be rejected if they fail to meet themanufacturing and marking requirements of Section 7, theelectrical requirements of 11.1, the width requirements of 8.1,the minimum thickness requirements of 8.2, or the workman-ship requirements of Section 9.14.2

42、The entire lot or shipment of matting shall be rejectedunder any of the following conditions:14.2.1 If 5 % or more, but not less than two rolls of thematting, in a shipment fail to meet the requirements of 11.1.14.2.2 If two dielectric breakdowns that do not meet thedielectric strength value specifi

43、ed in 11.2 occur in five tests onthe specimen.14.2.3 If one dielectric breakdown of five tests on theoriginal and one or more dielectric breakdowns of five tests onan additional specimen fail to meet the dielectric strength valuespecified in 11.2.14.2.4 If the sample specimens of Type IIA matting, u

44、singthe sampling methods and criteria specified in 18.6.1 or 18.6.2,fail to meet the ozone resistance requirements of 11.3.TABLE 2 Electrical Test RequirementsClassAC DCAElectrode Clearances, minBProof TestVoltageDielectric Test Voltage Electrode Clearances, minBProof TestVoltageDielectric TestVolta

45、gemm in. rms V rms V mm in. avg V avg V0 76 3 5 000 6 000 76 3 20 000 35 0001 76 3 10 000 20 000 76 3 40 000 60 0002 127 5 20 000 30 000 152 6 50 000 70 0003 178 7 30 000 40 000 203 8 60 000 80 0004 178 10 40 000 50 000 305 12 70 000 90 000ADC proof-test, voltages were determined using negative pola

46、rity.BThese nominal clearances are intended to avoid flashover and may be increased by no more than 2 in. (51 mm) when required by change in atmospheric conditionsfrom the standard of 100 kPa (1 atm) barometric pressure and average humidity conditions. These clearances may be decreased if atmospheri

47、c conditions permit.TABLE 3 Thickness MeasurementsClassThickness Tolerancemm in. mm in.0 3.2 0.13 0.8 0.031 4.8 0.19 0.8 0.032 6.4 0.25 0.8 0.033 9.5 0.38 1.2 0.054 12.7 0.50 1.2 0.05TABLE 4 Physical RequirementsType I Type IITensile strength, min, MPa (psi) 4.83 (700) 4.83 (700)Tension set, max, at

48、 150 % elongation,51-mm (2-in.) bench mark, mm (in.)12.7 (0.50) 12.7 (0.50)Elongation, min, % 250 250Moisture absorption, max in-creaseA,%112 3Flame resistance, Type IIB not applicable 12.7 mm (0.5 in.)after 30 sOil resistance, max, volume increase,Type IICBnot applicable 4ADistilled water23C (75F).

49、BASTM Oil No. 2 room temperature for 24 h.D 178 01 (2005)314.2.5 If the sample specimens of Type IIB matting usingthe sampling methods and criteria specified in 19.2.5, fail tomeet the flame-resistant requirements of 10.1.14.2.6 If the sample specimens of Type IIC matting usingthe sampling methods and criteria specified in 19.2.6 fail tomeet the oil resistance requirements of 10.1.14.3 The testing shall be terminated and the manufacturer orsupplier notified if, during the course of testing, 5 % or more,but not less than two rolls, of the matting in a lot