ASTM D1441-2012 Standard Practice for Sampling Cotton Fibers for Testing《试验用棉纤维取样的标准操作规程》.pdf

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1、Designation: D1441 12Standard Practice forSampling Cotton Fibers for Testing1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1441; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parenthe

2、ses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers procedures for taking a lot sampleof cotton fibers, from a designated source (lot), and reducingthe lot sample through a series of s

3、teps to produce testspecimens that are representative of the source and suitable forthe determination of fiber properties according to establishedprocedures.1.2 This practice has been used extensively for commercialacceptance testing of cotton fibers as well as for arbitrationtesting and research.NO

4、TE 1This practice is used in taking samples of cotton for testing byTest Methods D1440, D1442, D1445, D1447, D1448, D1464, D2480,D2812, D5866 and D5867.1.3 The procedures do not cover the selection of samples forthe determination of moisture. Special handling and protectionof the sample from the pre

5、vailing atmosphere required forsamples taken for the determination of moisture are notprovided for in this practice. See Test Method D2495.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measure are included in thisstandard.1.5 This standard does not purport to add

6、ress all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D123 Terminol

7、ogy Relating to TextilesD1440 Test Method for Length and Length Distribution ofCotton Fibers (Array Method)D1442 Test Method for Maturity of Cotton Fibers (SodiumHydroxide Swelling and Polarized Light Procedures)D1445 Test Method for Breaking Strength and Elongationof Cotton Fibers (Flat Bundle Meth

8、od)D1447 Test Method for Length and Length Uniformity ofCotton Fibers by Photoelectric MeasurementD1448 Test Method for Micronaire Reading of CottonFibersD1464 Practice for Differential Dyeing Behavior of CottonD1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing TextilesD2480 Test Method for Maturity Index

9、and Linear Densityof Cotton Fibers by the Causticaire Method3D2495 Test Method for Moisture in Cotton by Oven-DryingD2812 Test Method for Non-Lint Content of CottonD5866 Test Method for Neps in Cotton Fibers (AFIS-NInstrument)D5867 Test Methods for Measurement of Physical Proper-ties of Cotton Fiber

10、s by High Volume InstrumentsD7139 Terminology for Cotton Fibers3. Terminology3.1 For all terminology relating to D13.11, Cotton Fibers,refer to Terminology D7139.3.1.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard:laboratory sample, lot, in acceptance sampling of cotton, lotsample, in cotton, an

11、d specimen.3.2 For all other terminology related to textiles, refer toTerminology D123.4. Summary of Practice4.1 Sampling procedures for obtaining samples from the lotand for the reduction of the lot samples to the size required forfiber test specimens are presented. Steps are outlined to secureredu

12、ction of the amount of cotton fibers to be handled atvarious stages, so that the reduced sample continues to berepresentative of the lot. Provision is made for the omission ofintermediate steps in the reduction of the lot sample in caseswhere this is desirable or necessary (see 13.1).5. Significance

13、 and Use5.1 The reliability of the results of any test method dependsprimarily upon how well the specimens tested represent theoriginal source material or lot. Failure to provide a testspecimen which accurately represents the lot from which it is1This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Commit

14、tee D13 on Textiles andis the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.11 on Cotton Fibers.Current edition approved July 1, 2012. Published August 2012. Originallyapproved in 1952. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as D1441 06. DOI:10.1520/D1441-12.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the AST

15、M website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referencedon www.astm.org.1Copyright

16、ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.drawn will produce misleading test results regardless of theaccuracy and precision of the test method.6. Apparatus6.1 Mechanical Fiber Blender,4designed especially forcotton fibers (optional).6.2

17、Balance, 100 g capacity, 0.5 g sensitivity (optional).7. Conditioning7.1 For laboratory samples that are not to be blended,neither preconditioning or conditioning is required.7.2 For laboratory samples that are to be blended, bring thelot sample from the prevailing atmosphere to moisture equi-libriu

18、m with the standard atmosphere for testing textiles asdirected in Practice D1776. Preconditioning is not required.8. Lot8.1 Unless there is information to the contrary, consider allthe cotton fiber in a single shipment or consignment as a singlelot for sampling purposes. If the shipment or consignme

19、ntcontains cotton fiber from two or more sources, consider thematerial from each source as a separate lot.9. Lot Sample9.1 Acceptance TestingTake at random from the shipmentthe number of containers as directed in an applicable materialspecification or other agreement between the purchaser and thesup

20、plier as a lot sample. In the absence of such an agreement,take ten shipping containers or 10 % of the shipping containersin the lot, whichever is the greater. Individual or multiple balesmay be considered as a lot.NOTE 2An adequate specification or other agreement between thepurchaser and the suppl

21、ier requires taking into account the variabilitybetween shipping containers.9.2 Other TestingSelect the lot sample to meet the re-quirements of the particular experimental design or purpose ofthe fiber tests desired. Select the lot sample in such a mannerthat it will be as uniform and homogeneous as

22、 practical, on thebasis of available information. If the lot sample is non-homogeneous, divide it into rational subgroups; for example,individual bales in a commercial shipment.9.2.1 Take portions of cotton fiber from different parts of thesource carefully and at random to provide a composite lotsam

23、ple of sufficient size. Approximately 100 g is sufficient formost tests.10. Laboratory Sample10.1 Acceptance Testing:10.1.1 For bales, take a 100 g subsample of cotton fromopposite sides of each bale in the lot and combine the twosubsamples into a single laboratory sample weighing 200 g.10.1.2 For s

24、liver, beginning with the first material from thelead end of the package that has a clean, uniform appearance,take a length weighing at least 100 g as the laboratory sample.If the shipping containers in the lot sample contain multiplepackages, take a laboratory sample from one package drawn atrandom

25、 for each container.10.2 Other TestingFrom each unit in the lot sample, takea single laboratory sample containing at least 100 g.11. Laboratory Sample Preparation11.1 After the laboratory samples have been taken asdirected in Section 10, spread the material into a thin layer ormanipulate it in such

26、a way that fibers are taken from alllocations.11.1.1 When the lot sample consists of samples cut frombales (Note 5), avoid the inclusion of any cut fibers in thelaboratory sample. Cut fiber can be avoided by pulling off anddiscarding the cut portions or by being careful not to take thetest specimen

27、from the cut edges.12. Blended Method (Preferred)12.1 Take 25 to 30 pinches of loose fibers at randomthroughout the laboratory sample weighing approximately 30 g(Note 3). Blend the composite laboratory sample by preparingeither a hand sliver or a mechanically blended sliver as follows:12.1.1 Hand Sl

28、iverWith a drawing or drafting action ofthe fingers, pull each of the tufts or pinches into a long uniformstrand. Lay the strands parallel to each other and compress thewhole mass gently to form one large composite sliver. Discardthe ends of the sliver as there is a possibility of bias existing inth

29、is portion.12.1.2 Mechanically Blended SliverSlightly draw or draftthe pinches to form a bat or sliver about 300 mm long to be fedinto the mechanical fiber blender. Use any mechanical blenderdesigned for cotton fibers that will produce a substantiallyhomogeneous sample without breaking, or damaging

30、the fibersto the extent that the accuracy of the test methods would beaffected (Note 4).NOTE 3A laboratory sample weighing 30 g will provide sufficientmaterial for most fiber tests. When a smaller amount is sufficient for thetests, the size of the pinches may be reduced accordingly. The number ofpin

31、ches may be reduced when the bulk lot sample is sufficientlyhomogeneous for a smaller number to preserve representativeness.NOTE 4Most mechanical blending procedures require that the samplebe passed through the blender three times to ensure adequate mixing.13. Unblended Method (Alternative)13.1 Divi

32、de the whole or representative portions of the lotsample into laboratory samples on the basis of availableinformation. From each laboratory sample take test specimensfor one or more observations of each property to be tested asrequired (Note 5).NOTE 5This method is especially adapted to commercial p

33、racticewhere the laboratory sample consists of classers samples cut from balesof cotton. Laboratory samples are taken in such a manner as to ensure thatfibers from each layer in the classers sample, representing each side of thebale, are included.14. Test Specimens14.1 Take from each laboratory samp

34、le the number ofspecimens specified in the applicable test method(s). Whendirected in the test method, use the laboratory sample as thetest specimen.4Commercially available.D1441 12215. Report15.1 If a report on the sampling procedure used is required,state that the material was sampled as directed

35、in ASTMPractice D1441, and specify how the samples were drawn,whether or not they were blended, and the number of pieces(pinches) taken from the larger sample to make the laboratorysample and the number of specimens taken. Report theidentification of the lot or shipment sampled, and note the lotnumb

36、er, or bale number.16. Keywords16.1 cotton; fibers; samplingASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such pa

37、tent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited ei

38、ther for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair

39、 hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this stan

40、dard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).D1441 123