ASTM D1004-2013 Standard Test Method for Tear Resistance (Graves Tear) of Plastic Film and Sheeting《塑料薄膜和薄板的抗撕裂强度的标准试验方法》.pdf
《ASTM D1004-2013 Standard Test Method for Tear Resistance (Graves Tear) of Plastic Film and Sheeting《塑料薄膜和薄板的抗撕裂强度的标准试验方法》.pdf》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《ASTM D1004-2013 Standard Test Method for Tear Resistance (Graves Tear) of Plastic Film and Sheeting《塑料薄膜和薄板的抗撕裂强度的标准试验方法》.pdf(6页珍藏版)》请在麦多课文档分享上搜索。
1、Designation: D1004 09D1004 13Standard Test Method forTear Resistance (Graves Tear) of Plastic Film and Sheeting1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1004; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of
2、last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This test method2 covers the determi
3、nation of the tear resistance of flexible plastic film and sheeting at very low rates ofloading, 51 mm (2 in.)/min. and is designed to measure the force to initiate tearing. The specimen geometry of this test methodproduces a stress concentration in a small area of the specimen. The maximum stress,
4、usually found near the onset of tearing, isrecorded as the tear resistance in newtons (or pounds-force).The method is not applicable for film or sheeting material where brittlefailures occur during testing or where maximum extension is greater than 101.6 mm (4 in.).1.1.1 Although resistance to tear
5、can be expressed in newtons per microns, (pounds-force per mil) of specimen thickness, thisis only advisable where correlation for the particular material being tested has been established. In most cases, comparison betweenfilms of dissimilar thickness is not valid.NOTE 1Film has been arbitrarily de
6、fined as sheeting having nominal thickness not greater than 0.25 mm (0.010 in.).1.2 Constant-Rate-of-Grip Separation TestThis test method employs a constant rate of separation of the grips holding the testspecimen.1.2.1 Specimen extension may be measured in this test method by grip separation.1.3 Th
7、e values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for informationonly.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establis
8、h appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.NOTE 2There is no similar or equivalent ISO known ISO equivalent to this standard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for TestingD882 Test Me
9、thod for Tensile Properties of Thin Plastic SheetingD883 Terminology Relating to PlasticsD4000 Classification System for Specifying Plastic MaterialsD5947 Test Methods for Physical Dimensions of Solid Plastics SpecimensD6988 Guide for Determination of Thickness of Plastic Film Test SpecimensE4 Pract
10、ices for Force Verification of Testing MachinesE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method2.2 ASTM Adjuncts:Die Drawings41 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommitt
11、ee D20.19 on Film, Sheeting, and MoldedProducts.Current edition approved May 1, 2009April 1, 2013. Published June 2009April 2013. Originally approved in 1949. Last previous edition approved in 20072009 asD1004 07.D1004 09. DOI: 10.1520/D1004-09.10.1520/D1004-13.2 The following reference may be of in
12、terest in connection with this test method: Graves, F. L., “The Evaluation ofTear Resistance in Elastomers,” India Rubber World, Vol111, No. 3, December 1944, pp. 305308.3 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annua
13、l Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.4 Available from ASTM International Headquarters. Order Adjunct No. ADJD1004.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication o
14、f what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considere
15、d the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13. Terminology3.1 Definitions:Definitions of terms applying to this test method appear in Termino
16、logy D883.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The force to initiate tearing across a specific geometry of a film or sheeting specimen is measured using aconstant-rate-of-grip separation machine. The force necessary to initiate the tear is calculated from the load-time orload-displacement data.5. Significan
17、ce and Use5.1 Tear resistance of plastic film or sheeting is a complex function of its ultimate resistance to rupture. The specimen geometryand speed of testing in this test method are controlled to produce tearing in a small area of stress concentration at rates far belowthose usually encountered i
18、n service. Experience has shown the test to have its best reliability for materials which do not havebrittle failure or do not elongate greater than two hundred percent during testing.5.2 The data from this test method furnish comparative information for ranking the tearing resistance of plastic spe
19、cimens ofsimilar composition. Actual use performance in tearing of some plastics may not necessarily correlate with data from this testmethod.5.3 The resistance to tear of plastic film and sheeting, while partly dependent upon thickness, has no simple correlation withspecimen thickness. Hence, teari
20、ng forces measured in newtons (or pounds-force) cannot be normalized over a wide range ofspecimen thickness without producing misleading data as to the actual tearing resistance of the material. Data from this test methodare comparable only from specimens, which vary by no more than 610 % from the n
21、ominal or average thickness of all specimenstested. Therefore, the tearing resistance is expressed in maximum newtons (or pounds-force) of force to tear the specimen.5.4 The tear resistance of plastic film may be a specification that requires the use of this test method, but with some proceduralmodi
22、fications that take precedence when adhering to the specification. Therefore, it is advisable to refer to that materialspecification before using this test method. Table 1 of Classification System D4000 lists the ASTM materials standards thatcurrently exist.6. Apparatus6.1 Testing MachineA testing m
23、achine of the constant rate-of crosshead-movement type and comprising essentially thefollowing:6.1.1 Fixed MemberA fixed or essentially stationary member carrying one grip.6.1.2 Movable MemberA movable member carrying a second grip.6.1.3 GripsPreferably, a set of self-aligning grips for holding the
24、test specimen between the fixed member and the movablemember of the testing machine. The grips should minimize both slippage and uneven stress distribution.6.1.3.1 Fixed grips are rigidly attached to the fixed and movable members of the testing machine. Fixed grips may be used ifextreme care is take
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