ASTM C637-2009 Standard Specification for Aggregates for Radiation-Shielding Concrete《防辐射混凝土用集料的标准规范》.pdf

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1、Designation: C637 09Standard Specification forAggregates for Radiation-Shielding Concrete1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C637; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number

2、 in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers special aggregates for use inradi

3、ation-shielding concretes in which composition or highspecific gravity, or both, are of prime consideration.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.3 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to thetest meth

4、od portion, Section 8, of this specification:Thisstandard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the userof this standard to establish appropriate safety and healthpractices and determine the applicability of regulatory lim

5、ita-tions prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C33 Specification for Concrete AggregatesC127 Test Method for Density, Relative Density (SpecificGravity), and Absorption of Coarse AggregateC128 Test Method for Density, Relative Density (SpecificGravity), and Absorption of Fine Aggr

6、egateC131 Test Method for Resistance to Degradation of Small-Size Coarse Aggregate by Abrasion and Impact in the LosAngeles MachineC136 Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and CoarseAggregatesC535 Test Method for Resistance to Degradation of Large-Size Coarse Aggregate by Abrasion and Impact in t

7、he LosAngeles MachineC638 Descriptive Nomenclature of Constituents of Aggre-gates for Radiation-Shielding Concrete3. Classification3.1 Aggregates covered by this specification include:3.1.1 Natural mineral aggregates of either high density orhigh fixed water content, or both. These include aggregate

8、s thatcontain or consist predominately of materials such as barite,magnetite, hematite, ilmenite, and serpentine.3.1.2 Synthetic aggregates such as iron, steel, ferrophospho-rus and boron frit or other boron compounds (see DescriptiveNomenclature C638).3.1.3 Fine aggregate consisting of natural or m

9、anufacturedsand including high-density minerals. Coarse aggregate mayconsist of crushed ore, crushed stone, or synthetic products, orcombinations or mixtures thereof.4. Composition and Relative Density (Specific Gravity)4.1 Table 1 gives data on chemical composition and relativedensity (specific gra

10、vity) of aggregate materials covered by thisspecification.4.2 The purchaser shall specify the minimum specific grav-ity for each size and type of aggregate.4.2.1 Uniformity of Specific GravityThe relative density(specific gravity) SSD (saturated surface-dry) of successiveshipments of aggregate shall

11、 not differ by more than 3 % fromthat of the sample submitted for source approval tests. Theaverage specific gravity of the total shipment shall be equal toor greater than the specified minimum.4.3 The purchaser shall specify the minimum fixed watercontent of hydrous ores. If the design temperature,

12、 T, isdifferent from that given in 8.1.3.5, the purchaser shall specifythe value of T.4.3.1 Uniformity of Fixed Water ContentFor hydrousaggregates the fixed water content of successive shipments ofaggregate shall not be less than 95 % of the specified minimumvalue. The average fixed water content of

13、 the total shipmentshall be equal to or exceed the specified minimum value.5. Aggregate Grading5.1 Sieve AnalysisFine and coarse aggregates for conven-tionally placed concrete shall be graded within the limits givenin Specification C33, except that with the approval of thepurchaser, as much as 20 %

14、of the material passing the 9.5-mm1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 onConcrete and Concrete Aggregates and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeC09.41 on Pre-placed Aggregate Concrete for Radiation Shielding.Current edition approved Dec. 15, 2009. Published F

15、ebruary 2010. Originallyapproved in 1969. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as C637 98a(2003).DOI: 10.1520/C0637-09.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refe

16、r to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.(38 -in.) sieve may also pass the 150-m (No. 100) sieve, wi

17、thup to 10 % passing the 75-m (No. 200) sieve if the materialpassing the 75-m (No. 200) sieve is essentially free of clay orshale.5.1.1 Fine and coarse aggregates for preplaced aggregateconcrete shall be graded according to the requirements of Table2 and as follows:Grading of AggregateRelative Densi

18、ty (Specific Gravity)of Fine AggregateCoarseAggregateFineAggregateUp to 3.0 Grading 1 Grading 1Greater than 3.0 Grading 1 Grading 2Full range Grading 2 Grading 25.1.2 When boron frit is used as part of the fine aggregate,the grading shall be such that 100 % passes the 4.75-mm (No.4) sieve and not mo

19、re than 5 % passes the 600-m (No. 30)sieve.5.2 Fineness ModulusIf the fineness modulus of the fineaggregate varies more than 0.2 from the value corresponding tothat of the sample submitted for acceptance, the fine aggregateshall be rejected unless suitable adjustments are made inconcrete proportions

20、 to compensate for the difference ingrading.6. Deleterious Substances6.1 Fine and coarse aggregates shall meet the requirementsof Specification C33.6.2 Boron frit shall not contain more than 2.0 % of watersoluble material.NOTE 1This limit is based on concrete mixtures containing no morethan 300 kg/m

21、3(500 lb/yd3) of boron frit.7. Abrasion Resistance of Coarse Aggregate7.1 Coarse aggregate shall have an abrasion loss not greaterthan 50 % when tested in accordance with Test Method C131,or Test Method C535, as applicable. Coarse aggregate failingto meet this requirement may be used, provided it ca

22、n beshown that it produces satisfactory strengths in concrete of theproportions selected for the work.8. Methods of Sampling and Testing8.1 Sample and test the aggregates in accordance with themethods cited in Specification C33 as applicable, except asfollows:8.1.1 Relative Density (Specific Gravity

23、)Determine therelative density (specific gravity), saturated surface-dry, of fineaggregate in accordance with Test Method C128, and of coarseaggregate in accordance with Test Method C127, except thatthe mass of the test sample for fine and coarse aggregate shallbe approximately the specified mass mu

24、ltiplied by the ratio:TABLE 1 Composition and Relative Density (Specific Gravity) of Aggregates Covered by This SpeciflcationPredominantConstituentClass of MaterialChemical Composition ofPrincipal ConstituentARelative Density(Specific Gravity) ofAvailableAggregatesSerpentineBcrushed stone, hydrous s

25、iliente Mg3Si2O5(OH)42.4to2.65LimoniteCcrushed stone, hydrous iron ore (HFeO2)x(H2O)y3.4to3.8GoethiteCcrushed stone, hydrous iron ore HFeO23.5to4.5Barite gravel or crushed stone BaSO44.0to4.4Ilmenite crushed stone, iron ore FeTiO34.2to4.8Hematite crushed stone, iron ore Fe2O34.6to5.2Magnetite crushe

26、d stone, iron ore FeFe2O44.6to5.2Iron manufactured from iron/steel Fe 6.5 to 7.5FerrophosphorousDsynthetic FenP 5.8 to 6.3Boron FritEsynthetic B2O3,Al2O3,SiO2, CaO 2.6 to 2.8Boron Carbide synthetic B4C, B2O3,C 2.5Calcium Boride synthetic CaB6,C 2.5AWhen it is necessary to minimize the production of

27、long-lived secondary radiation in the shield, or to avoid using materials having inherent radioactivity, the purchasershould specify limits on the contents of objectionable elements.BThe fixed water content of serpentine ranges from 10 to 13 percent by weight.CThe fixed water content of limonite and

28、 goethite ranges from 8 to 12 percent by weight.DFerrophosphorus when used in Portland cement concrete will generate flammable and possibly toxic gases which can develop high pressures if confined. SeeClendenning, T. G., Kellam, B., and MacInnis, C., “Hydrogen Evolution from FerrophosphorousAggregat

29、e in Portland Cement Concrete,” Journal of theAmerican ConcreteInstitute, No. 12, December 1968. (Proceedings, Vol 65, pp. 10211028), and Mather, Bryant, discussion of Davis, Harold S., “Concrete for Radiation ShieldingInPerspective,” and closure by author in “Concrete for Nuclear Reactors,” Journal

30、 of the American Concrete Institute SP-34, Vol 1, 1972, pp. 1113.EThe fixed water content of boron frit is less than 0.5 %.TABLE 2 Grading Requirements for Coarse and Fine Aggregatesfor Preplaced Aggregate ConcreteSieve SizePercentage PassingGrading 1For 37.5-mm (112 -in.)Nominal Maximum Size Aggreg

31、ateGrading 2For 25-mm (1-in.) NominalMaximum SizeAggregateCoarse Aggregate50-mm (2-in.) 100 . . .37.5-mm (112 in.) 95 to 100 10025.0-mm (1-in.) 40 to 80 95 to 10019.0-mm (34 in.) 20 to 45 40 to 8012.5-mm (12-in.) 0 to 10 0 to 159.5-mm (38-in.) 0to2 0to2Fine Aggregate2.36-mm (No. 8) 100 . . .1.18-mm

32、(No. 16) 95 to 100 100600-m (No. 30) 55 to 80 75 to 95300-m (No. 50) 30 to 55 45 to 65150-m (No. 100) 10 to 30 20 to 4075-m (No. 200) 0 to 10 0 to 10Fineness modulus1.30 to 2.10 1.00 to 1.60C637 092relative density specific gravity!/2.65using for relative density (specific gravity) the higher valueg

33、iven in Table 1.8.1.2 Grading Test Method C136, except that the massof the test sample for fine and coarse aggregate shall beapproximately the specified mass multiplied by the ratio:relative density specific gravity!/2.65using for relative density (specific gravity) the higher valuegiven in Table 1.

34、8.1.3 Fixed Water ContentWhen 90 % or more of theweight loss on ignition of the aggregate is due to fixed watercontent, determine the fixed water content, F, by the loss-on-ignition test according to 8.1.3.1. When less than 90 % of theloss on ignition is due to fixed water content, determine thefixe

35、d water content by the train method (8.1.3.2). In case ofdispute, use results obtained by the train method as the basisfor acceptance or rejection of the aggregate. Use the trainmethod to demonstrate that 90 % or more of the weight lostduring ignition is fixed water. When loss-on-ignition tests areb

36、eing made on aggregate samples from the same source, alsodetermine the fixed water content of the first sample and eachtenth sample thereafter by the train method.8.1.3.1 For the loss-on-ignition test crush a representativesample of aggregate weighing 20 to 50 g (W) to pass the4.75-mm (No. 4) sieve.

37、 Heat the sample to constant weight ata temperature, T, in a furnace, open to the atmosphere. Cool theheated sample in a desiccator and then weigh it, (Wt). Place thesample in the oven again, heat at the ignition temperature, t,cool in a desiccator, and determine the final weight (Wt).Constant weigh

38、t may be considered to have been attained whenfurther heating at the design temperature T causes or wouldcause less than 0.1 % additional weight loss.8.1.3.2 In the train test, heat approximately 1 g (W8) of thefinely ground sample to constant weight (W8T) at a temperatureof T. Then heat the sample

39、W8Tin a stream of argon gas at theignition temperature t. Pass water vapor and gaseous materialdriven from the heated sample through magnesium perchlorate.The gain in weight (W8g) of the magnesium perchlorate is anindication of the fixed water content of the sample at tempera-ture T. Also determine

40、the dehydrated weight (W8t) of thesample at the ignition temperature t.8.1.3.3 Compute the fixed water content at temperature T byone of the following equations:Ignition Test:F, percent5WT2Wt!/WT#3100 (1)where:WT= sample heated to constant weight, g, andWt= heated and cooled sample, g.Train Test:F,

41、percent5W8g2W8T!3100 (2)where:W8g= gain in weight of sample, g, andW8T= dehydrated weight, g.8.1.3.4 Determine the percent of nonhydrous volatile mate-rial, V, as follows:Train Test:V, percent5$W82W8t1W8g!#/W8T%3100 (3)where:W8 = sample weight, g,W8t= dehydrated weight of sample, g,W8g= gain in weig

42、ht of sample, g, andW8T= sample heated to constant weight, g.8.1.3.5 Water vapor driven from the sample by heating attemperature T is considered as part of the nonhydrous volatilematerial. Absorbed water at 110C is not considered as part ofthe nonhydrous volatile material. Determine percent absorpti

43、onby Test Methods C127 and C128.8.1.3.6 Temperature values shall be as follows:DesignTemperature, TIgnitionTemperature, tHydrous Aggregate C CIron ore 110 500Serpentine 300 900Heat the sample until it reaches constant weight at thespecified temperature, unless otherwise approved. Determineweights af

44、ter sample has been cooled in a desiccator to roomtemperature. Duplicate determinations of fixed water contentshould check to within 0.3 %.8.1.4 Water-Soluble Material in Boron FritPlace a 5.00-gsample passing a 600-m (No. 30) sieve and retained on a300-m (No. 50) sieve in contact with 100 mL of dis

45、tilledwater at 20 6 5C for 16 h. Filter, wash with about 200-mL ofhot (70 6 5C) water, and dry at 125 6 10C for 1 h. Weighthe residue, s, to the nearest 0.01 g. Calculate the percentage ofwater soluble material (Ws) to the nearest 0.1 % as follows:W355.002s!/s3100where:s=residue, g9. Precision and B

46、ias9.1 Precision The following precision statement ad-dresses the test of the water-soluble material in Boron Frit. Theprecision for fixed water content by either the loss on ignitiontest or by the train test method has not been evaluated.9.1.1 Data from one laboratory was available for estimatingth

47、e precision of water-soluble material in boron frit, therefore,only a within-laboratory estimate of precision is made. Theestimate is based on 15 replicate analyses of 5 lots of fritproduced by one company. The 15 replicates were determinedon 5 separate days, 3 replicates per day. The mean watersolu

48、ble material ranged from 1.23 to 1.75 % among the 5 lots.9.1.2 Within-laboratory PrecisionThe within-laboratorystandard deviation among individual determinations of water-soluble material in boron frit is 0.224 %.3Therefore, two3These numbers represent, respectively, the 1s and d2s limits as describ

49、ed inPractice C670.C637 093analyses of the same material should differ by no more than0.627 %3in 95 % of cases.9.2 BiasSince there is no accepted reference materialsuitable for determining the bias of this test method, nostatement on bias is made.10. Keywords10.1 aggregates; boron frit; calcium boride; high-densityaggregates; high water-content aggregates; hydrous aggre-gates; radiation shielding concreteSUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee C09 has identified the location of selected changes to this specification since the last issue,C637