[考研类试卷]考研英语模拟试卷15及答案与解析.doc

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1、考研英语模拟试卷 15及答案与解析 一、 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 1 The population of the United States is only 6% the worlds population, but Americans (1)_ one third of all the energy (2)_ in the wor

2、ld. This fact alone says that Americans need to use less energy. And because the price of energy had been rising very rapidly (3)_ the limited supplies of oil in particular, Americans are becoming aware to the need to (4)_ energy. In California we have a California Energy Commission which has set up

3、 in the past five years to (5)_ plan for our future energy rise. We have (6)_ laws in California to help us conserve energy. First of all, our houses in California have been very (7)_ of energy in the past. They were not (8)_ very carefully and so the heat would go out of the house very rapidly. Now

4、 we require that the homes have a (9)_ level of insulation, and so the homes built now are much more (10)_. (11)_, in transportation (12)_ a large percentage of oil energy is used, we need to develop more public transportation. In China, of course, you have a very good public-transportation system.

5、And it is a(n) (13)_ for the kind of thing we need to develop more in the United States. Automobiles are also becoming more (14)_ The smaller automobile with efficient engine can help to conserve a large amount of energy along with planning our (15)_ more carefully. Many different studies have shown

6、 that we could (16)_ our energy consumption by (17)_ half or two thirds and still have the (18)_ quality of life. And many different types of technologies are currently being researched as to (19)_ they can be built to use (20)_ energy and still supply the same service. （ A） conserve （ B） consume （

7、C） produce （ D） supply （ A） preserves （ B） sources （ C） deserts （ D） reserves （ A） owing to （ B） resulting in （ C） in spite of （ D） in the case of （ A） consume （ B） conserve （ C） exhaust （ D） retain （ A） generate （ B） help （ C） conceive （ D） originate （ A） staged （ B） composed （ C） developed （ D） de

8、vised （ A） frugal （ B） economical （ C） wasteful （ D） saving （ A） insulated （ B） insulted （ C） resulted （ D） separated （ A） largest （ B） smallest （ C） maximum （ D） minimum （ A） effective （ B） sufficient （ C） efficient （ D） deficient （ A） However （ B） Also （ C） Therefore （ D） For example （ A） why （ B）

9、 where （ C） who （ D） which （ A） example （ B） responsibility （ C） opportunity （ D） obligation （ A） fashionable （ B） luxurious （ C） efficient （ D） effective （ A） transportation （ B） travel （ C） energy （ D） automobiles （ A） condense （ B） reduce （ C） crush （ D） swell （ A） at least （ B） at most （ C） at f

10、ull （ D） at length （ A） bottom （ B） same （ C） mean （ D） adequate （ A） where （ B） why （ C） when （ D） how （ A） adequate （ B） sufficient （ C） less （ D） lacking Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points) 21 This past acade

11、mic year, 146 New York City kids from 4 to 14 dutifully attended Rosalyn Chaos Mandarin class at St. Patricks Old Cathedral Academy. Many of the students were first-generation Americans; for several, Mandarin would be their third language, after English and Spanish. Get used to this picture; around

12、the world, more adults and kids are learning Chinese. Beijing is pouring money into new Confucius Institutes (Chinese language and culture centers), and two U.S. senators recently proposed spending $1.3 billion on Chinese-language programs over the next five years. From Ulan Bator to Chicago, it som

13、etimes seems as if everyone is trying to learn the language now spoken by a fifth of the worlds population. Their reasoning is easy to understand. China is booming, and citizens around the globe want a piece of the action. Speaking Mandarin can facilitate communication with newly wealthy Chinese tou

14、rists or smooth bilateral trade relations. In a form of intense cultural diplomacy, Beijing is also promoting its films, music, art and language as never before. Front and center are the Confucius Institutes, modeled on the British Council, Germanys Goethe Institutes or the Alliance Francaise. China

15、s Ministry of Education is sending thousands of language instructors to foreign programs and inviting foreign students from Asia, Africa and elsewhere to study in its universities. As a result, Beijing predicts that 100 million individuals will be studying Mandarin as a second language by the end of

16、 the decade. The U.S. Department of Education announced earlier this year that it hopes to have 5 percent of all elementary, secondary and college students enrolled in Mandarin studies by 2010. The Chinese boom hasnt escaped criticism, however. For one thing, the language is hard, with more than 2,5

17、00 characters generally employed in daily writing and a complex tonal speaking system. Then theres the danger that other important languages, such as Russian or Japanese, will be neglected; for example, there are now 10 times more students learning Mandarin than Japanese in the United States. And ot

18、her countries fear a growing encroachment(侵蚀 ) of Chinese power; some Africans have complained about Beijings “neocolonialist(新殖民主义 )“ attitudes, for example, and this could breed resentment against Confucius Institutes on their soil. Yet most Mandarin students, like those at St. Pats, arent letting

19、 such concerns dissuade them. Mandarin represents a new way of thinking. Chao says that“ we must begin preparing our students for the interconnected world“. Accordingly, she has encouraged her Mandarin students to correspond with pen pals in Shanghai. Chao says that“ in reading the Chinese students

20、letters, we learned quickly that American students are far behind their Asian counterparts“. If they hope to catch up to their Chinese competitors, her students like the growing legions of Mandarin pupils around the globe are going to have to study hard indeed. 21 The phrase“ first-generation Americ

21、ans“ (Line 2, Paragraph 1) most probably means _. （ A） those who are American but whose parents are not. （ B） those who come to America as immigrants. （ C） those who are the youngest generation in the family. （ D） those who were born in America. 22 More and more people in the world learn Mandarin ma

22、inly because _. （ A） they want to facilitate communication with Chinese tourists. （ B） they want to profit from the prosperous Chinese economy. （ C） the Chinese government is investing heavily to promote Chinese. （ D） they can get financial support from their own governments. 23 It can be inferred f

23、rom the text that the Alliance Francaise is _. （ A） the French council to promote culture. （ B） an institute of cultural diplomacy. （ C） modeled on Confucius Institute. （ D） a language teaching agency. 24 According to the text, some people lay blame on Chinese boom in that _. （ A） chinese is difficu

24、lt for its complex grammatical and tonal system. （ B） some countries fear that China will take their global market share. （ C） the position of other languages has been marginalized by Chinese. （ D） some countries fear to be politically and economically controlled by China. 25 The author wants to con

25、vey in the last paragraph that _. （ A） china is booming and everyone wants to participate in it. （ B） china is well on the way of promoting its culture and language. （ C） the development of China attracts more people to study Chinese. （ D） today people must get prepared for the interconnected world.

26、 26 Animal studies are under way, human trial protocols are taking shape and drug makers are on alert. All the international health community needs now is a human vaccine for the bird flu pandemic sweeping a cluster of Asian countries. The race for a vaccine began after the first human case emerged

27、in Hong Kong in 1997. Backed by the World Health Organization (WHO), three research teams in the US and UK are trying to create a seed virus for a new vaccine. Their task is formidable, but researchers remain optimistic“. There are obstacles, but most of the obstacles have been treated sensibly“, sa

28、ys Richard Webby, a virologist at St. Jude Childrens Research Hospital in Memphis, Tennessee. The biggest challenge is likely to be the rapidly mutating virus. Candidate vaccines produced last year against the H5N1 virus are ineffective against this years strain. Scientists will have to constantly m

29、onitor the changes and try to tailor the vaccine as the virus mutates. They cant wait to see which one comes next. The urgency stems from fears that H5N1 will combine with a human flu virus, creating a pathogen(病原体 ) that could be transmitted from person to person. But if people have no immunity to

30、the virus, the strain may not mutate as rapidly in people as it does in birds. To quickly generate the vaccine, researchers are using reverse genetics, which allows them to skip the long process of searching through reassorted viruses for the correct genetic combination. Instead, scientists clone se

31、quences for hemagglutinin(红血球凝聚素 ) and neuraminidase(神经氨酸苷酶 ), the two key proteins in the virus. The sequences are then combined with human influenza genes to create a customized reference strain. Because products developed with reverse genetics have never been tested in humans, the candidate vacci

32、nes will first have to clear regulatory review. In anticipation, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Agency for the Evaluation of Medicinal Products (EMEA) are both preparing pandemic response plans. The EMEA has produced a fist-track licensing program, an industry task force

33、and detailed guidance for potential applicants. In Europe, a reassortant influenza virus but not the inactivated vaccine produced by reverse genetics would be considered a genetically modified organism, and manufacturers would need approval from their national or local safety authorities. The WHO ha

34、s prepared a preliminary biosafety risk assessment of pilot-lot vaccine, which could help speed up the review. A preliminary version of their protocol calls for several hundred subjects, beginning with a group of young adults and gradually expanding to include those most susceptible to the flu child

35、ren and the elderly“. If we had product“, says Lambert“, it would probably be a couple of months at the earliest before we have early data in healthy adults“. 26 We can infer from Paragraph 2 that facing the tough task the researchers of WHO _. （ A） flinch from their work. （ B） hesitate and feel per

36、plexed. （ C） carry on their research. （ D） abandon their research. 27 During the developing of the vaccine, the biggest problem may probably be _. （ A） the combination of bird flu virus with human flu virus. （ B） the virus mutates in a short period. （ C） the vaccines are ineffective against the viru

37、s. （ D） the time is pressing for the scientists. 28 The vaccine generated by reverse genetics is required to review in that _. （ A） it has strong side effect to the elderly. （ B） it may turn ineffective in a short period. （ C） it is useless in preventing the virus. （ D） it hasnt been tested in human

38、s. 29 Which of the following can be inferred from the passage? （ A） there is already a case in which the virus is transmitted from person to person. （ B） american scientists take the pandemic more seriously than European ones. （ C） the effect of candidate vaccines can last more than one year. （ D） t

39、he manufacture of the vaccine must be authorized by safety authorities. 30 What is the authors attitude towards the newly developed bird flu vaccine? （ A） Slightly approves of. （ B） Depicts neutrally. （ C） Slightly disapproves of. （ D） Completely rejects. 31 People can get emotional about immigratio

40、n. Bill OReilly, a talk-show host, devoted a recent segment to the story of an illegal alien who got drunk and accidentally killed two attractive white girls with his car. If only he had been deported for previous misdemeanours, Mr. OReilly raged, those girls would still be alive. Another talk-show

41、host, Geraldo Rivera, during an on-air shout-joust(争吵 ) with Mr. O Reilly, denounced his demagogic choice of story-angle as“ a sin“. President George Bush tried again this week to bring a more rational tone to the debate. He urged the new Democratic Congress to revive the immigration reforms that th

42、e old Republican Congress killed last year. His proposal was broadly the same as before. He said he wanted to make it harder to enter America illegally, but easier to do so legally, and to offer a path to citizenship for the estimated 12m illegals who have already snuck in. The first part faces few

43、political hurdles and is already well under way. Mr. Bush expects to have doubled the number of Border Patrol agents by the end of next year. The new recruits are being trained. And to defend against the invading legions of would-be gardeners and hotel cleaners, the frontier is also equipped with hi

44、gh-tech military gizmos(小发明 ), such as unmanned spy planes with infra-red(红外 ) cameras. This may be having some effect. Mr. Bush boasted that the number of people caught sneaking over the border had fallen by nearly 30% this year. And the controversial part of Mr. Bushs immigration package allowing

45、more immigrants in and offering those already in America a chance to become legal is still just a plan. House Republicans squashed it last year. Mr. Bush senses a second chance with the new Democratic Congress, but Democrats, like Republicans, are split on the issue. Some, notably Ted Kennedy, think

46、 America should embrace hard-working migrants. Others fret that hard-working migrants will undercut the wages of the native-born. Mr. Bush would like to see the pro-immigrant wings of both parties work together to give him a bill he can sign. The Senate is expected to squeeze in a debate next month.

47、 The administration is trying to entice law-and-order Republicans on board; a recent leaked memo talked of substantial fines for illegals before they can become legal and“ much bigger“ fines for employers who hire them before they do. The biggest hurdle, however, may be the Democrats reluctance to c

48、o-operate with Mr. Bush. Some figure that, rather than letting their hated adversary share the credit for fixing the immigration system, they should stall until a Democrat is in the White House and then take it all. So there is a selfish as well as a moral argument for making a deal. 31 The word “mi

49、sdemeanours“ (Line 3, Paragraph 1) can be replaced by _. （ A） severe crimes. （ B） homicide. （ C） misbehaviors. （ D） nonsense doings. 32 Which of the following is proposed by Mr. Bush? （ A） Making it harder for immigrants to enter America both legally and illegally. （ B） Carrying out substantial fine for illegals before they can become legal. （ C） Setting up more Border Patrol agents by the end of this year. （ D） Allowing more immigra