[考研类试卷]考研英语模拟试卷144及答案与解析.doc

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1、考研英语模拟试卷 144及答案与解析 一、 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 1 During the 1980s, unemployment and underemployment in some countries was as high as 90 percent. Some countries did not (1)_ enough

2、food; basic needs in housing and clothing were not (2)_. Many of these countries looked to the industrial processes of the developed nations (3)_ solutions. (4)_, problems cannot always be solved by copying the industrialized nations. Industry in the developed nations is highly automated and very (5

3、)_. It provides fewer jobs than labor-intensive industrial processes, and highly (6)_ workers are needed to (7)_ and repair the equipment. These workers must be trained, (8)_ many nations do not have the necessary training institutions. Thus, the (9)_ of importing industry becomes higher. Students m

4、ust be sent abroad to (10)_ vocational and professional training. (11)_, just to begin training, the students must (12)_ learn English, French, German, or Japanese. The students then spend many years abroad, and (13)_ do not return home. All nations agree that science and technology (14)_ be shared.

5、 The point is: countries (15)_ the industrial processes of the developed nations need to look carefully (16)_ the costs, because many of these costs are (17)_. Students from these nations should (18)_ the problems of the industrialized countries closely. (19)_ care, they will take home not the probl

6、ems of science and technology, (20)_ the benefits. （ A） generate （ B） raise （ C） produce （ D） manufacture （ A） answered （ B） met （ C） calculated （ D） remembered （ A） for （ B） without （ C） as （ D） about （ A） Moreover （ B） Therefore （ C） Anyway （ D） However （ A） expensive （ B） mechanical （ C） flourish

7、ing （ D） complicated （ A） gifted （ B） skilled （ C） trained （ D） versatile （ A） keep （ B） maintain （ C） retain （ D） protect （ A） since （ B） so （ C） and （ D） yet （ A） charge （ B） price （ C） cost （ D） value （ A） accept （ B） gain （ C） receive （ D） absorb （ A） Frequently （ B） Incidentally （ C） Deliberate

8、ly （ D） Eventually （ A） soon （ B） quickly （ C） immediately （ D） first （ A） some （ B） others （ C） several （ D） few （ A） might （ B） should （ C） would （ D） will （ A） adopting （ B） conducting （ C） receiving （ D） adjusting （ A） to （ B） at （ C） on （ D） about （ A） opaque （ B） secret （ C） sealed （ D） hidden

9、 （ A） tackle （ B） learn （ C） study （ D） manipulate （ A） In （ B） Through （ C） With （ D） Under （ A） except （ B） nor （ C） or （ D） but Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points) 21 I came to live here where I am now betwee

10、n Wounded Knee Creek and Grass Creek. Others came too, and we made there little gray houses of logs that you see, and they are square. It is a bad way to live, for there can be no power in a square. You have noticed that everything an Indian does is in a circle, and that is because the Power of the

11、World always works in circles, and everything tries to be round. In the old days when we were a strong and happy people, all our power came to us from the sacred hoop of the nation, and so long as the hoop was unbroken, the people flourished. The flowering tree was the living center of the hoop, and

12、 the circle of the four quarters nourished it. The east gave peace and light, the south gave warmth, the west gave rain, and the north with its cold and mighty wind gave strength and endurance. This knowledge came to us from the outer world with our religion. Everything the Power of the World does i

13、s done in a circle. The sky is round, and I have heard that the earth is round like a ball, and so are all the stars. The wind, in its greatest power, whirls. Birds make their nests in circles, for theirs is the same religion as ours. The sun comes forth and goes down again in a circle. The moon doe

14、s the same, and both are round. Even the seasons form a great circle in their changing, and always come back again to where they were. The life of a man is a circle from childhood to childhood, and so it is in everything where power moves. Our tepees were round like the nests of birds, and these wer

15、e always set in a circle, the nations hoop, a nest of many nests, where the Great Spirit meant for us to hatch our children. But the Wasichus have put us in these square boxes. Our power is gone and we are dying, for the power is not in us any more. You can look at our boys and see how it is with us

16、. When we were living by the power of the circle in the way we should, boys were men at twelve or thirteen years of age. But now it takes them very much longer to mature. 21 From the passage, we can see that the Indians _. （ A） dont have modem facilities in their homes （ B） are content to live where

17、 they are （ C） are strongly dissatisfied with their present status （ D） are demanding better housing conditions 22 To the narrator, roundness stands for _. （ A） a future better life （ B） the past glorious life （ C） the past achievements of the Indians （ D） nature around the Indians 23 In the third s

18、entence of Paragraph 2, the “four quarters“ refers to _. （ A） the four corners of the Indians houses （ B） the four elements that are believed to make up everything （ C） the four seasons （ D） the four directions 24 In the first sentence of Paragraph 4, “Wasichus“ probably refers to _. （ A） the Indian

19、s enemies （ B） the white men （ C） the Great Spirit （ D） the Power of the World 25 What is the narrators feeling about their present living? （ A） Discontentment. （ B） Pleasantness. （ C） Anger. （ D） No feeling. 26 The Supreme Courts recent decision allowing regional interstate banks has done away with

20、 one restriction in Americas banking operation, although many others still remain. Although the ruling does not apply to very large money-center banks, it is a move in a liberalizing direction that could at last push Congress into framing a sensible legal and regulatory system that allows banks to p

21、lan their future beyond the next court case. The restrictive laws that the courts are interpreting are mainly a legacy of the bank failures of the 1930s. The current high rate of bank failure higher than at any time since the Great Depression has made legislators afraid to remove the restrictions. W

22、hile their legislative timidity is understandable, it is also mistaken. One reason so many American banks are getting into trouble is precisely that the old restrictions make it hard for them to build a domestic base large and strong enough to support their activities in todays telecommunicating rou

23、nd-the-clock, around-the-world financial markets. In trying to escape from this restrictions, banks are taking enormous, and what should be unnecessary, risks. For example, would a large bank be buying small, failed savings banks at inflated prices if federal laws and states regulations permitted th

24、at bank to explain instead through the acquisition of financially healthy banks in the region? Of course not. The solution is clear. American banks will be sounder when they are not geographically limited. The house of Representatives banking committee has shown part of the way forward by recommendi

25、ng common-sense, though limited, legislation for a five-year transition to nationwide banking. This would give regional banks time to group together to form counterweights to the big money-center banks. Without this breathing space the big money-center banks might soon extend across the country to d

26、evelop. But any such legislation should be regarded as only a way station on the road towards a complete examination of Americas suitable banking legislation. 26 The authors attitude towards the current banking laws is best described as one of _. （ A） concerned dissatisfaction （ B） tolerant disappro

27、val （ C） uncaring indifference （ D） great admiration 27 Which of the following best describes why the restrictive banking taws of the 1930s are still on the book? （ A） The bank failures of the 1930s were caused by restrictive courts. （ B） Banking has not changed in the past $0 years. （ C） The bankin

28、g system is too restrictive, but no alternatives have been suggested. （ D） Legislators apparently believe that banking problems similar to those of the Depression still exist today. 28 The author argues that the change to a nationwide banking systems should be _. （ A） gradual, so that regional banks

29、 have a chance to compete with larger banks （ B） postponed, until the consequences can be evaluated （ C） immediate, because we cannot afford any more bank failures （ D） accelerated, to Overcome legislative fear 29 Which of the following best expresses the main idea of the passage? （ A） The current b

30、anking law must be interpreted by the Supreme Court to be useful to todays banks. （ B） Although there are currently many bank failures, the nature of banking has not really changed that much. （ C） Money center banks currently have too much power as compared with the regional banks. （ D） Because curr

31、ent laws are not responsive to contemporary banking needs, banks have been forced to take needless and dangerous risks. 30 In the first sentence of Paragraph 2, “interpreting“ probably refers to _. （ A） according to （ B） explaining （ C） carrying on （ D） doing away 31 Advertising is a form of selling

32、. For thousands of years there have been individuals who have tried to persuade others to buy the food they have produced or the goods they have made or the services they can perform. But the mass production of goods resulting from the Industrial Revolution in the 19th century made person-to-person

33、selling less efficient than it previously was for most products. The mass distribution of goods that followed the development of rail and highway systems made person-to-person selling too slow and expensive for almost all companies. At the same time, however, a growth in mass communication occurred

34、first in newspapers and magazines, then radio and television that made mass selling possible. Advertising, then, is merely selling or salesmanship functioning in the paid space or time of various mass communication media. The objective of any advertisement is to convince people that it is in their b

35、est interests to take an action the advertiser is recommending. The action may be to purchase a product, go to a showroom to try the product, use a service, vote for a political candidate, make a contribution, or even to join the army. Like any personal salesperson, the advertisement tries to persua

36、de. The decision is the prospects. While advertising brings the economies of mass selling to the manufacturer, it produces benefits for the consumer as well. Some of those economies are passed along to the purchaser so that the cost 5f a product sold primarily through advertising is usually far less

37、 than one sold through personal salespeople. Advertising also brings people immediate news about products that have just come on the market. Finally, advertising pays for the programs on commercial television and radio and for about two thirds of the cost publishing magazines and newspapers. 31 Pers

38、on to person sale failed to meet the need _. （ A） when the Industrial Revolution started （ B） when goods began to be produced in great quantities （ C） because trains replaced men in carrying goods around （ D） as attention was shifted from distribution to production 32 From the last sentence of the s

39、econd paragraph we learn _. （ A） advertising is no different from person-to-person selling in substance （ B） advertising extends sales promotion to a larger area （ C） advertising has greatly improved the production of goods （ D） it is very expansive to advertise a new product 33 By saying that “the

40、decision is the prospect s“,the author means _. （ A） advertisement often persuades people to buy what they dont really want （ B） advertisement can never really influence peoples ability to decide （ C） whether to buy an advertised product is up to the would-be customer （ D） the effect of an advertise

41、ment on the public is difficult to determine 34 The last paragraph is mainly about _. （ A） the cost of advertising a product （ B） the effect of advertisement on peoples lives （ C） the benefits advertisement brings （ D） various media for advertising products 35 Which statement is right according to t

42、he passage? （ A） We dont need person-to-person selling any more. （ B） Since the Industrial Revolution, person-to-person selling disappeared. （ C） Advertising pays for about two thirds of the cost of the programs on commercial television and radio. （ D） Advertise on commerical television and radio is

43、 more expensive than on magazines and newspapers. 36 Historians may well look back on the 1980s in the United States as a time of rising affluence side by side with rising poverty. The growth in affluence is attributable to an increase in professional and technical jobs, along with more two career c

44、ouples whose combined incomes provide a“ comfortable living“. Yet simultaneously, the nations poverty rate rose between 1973 and 1983 from 11.1 percent of the population to 15.2, or by well over a third. Although the poverty rate declined somewhat after 1983, it was still held at 13.5 percent in 198

45、7, comprising a population of 32.5 million Americans. The definition of poverty is a matter of debate. In 1795, a group of English magistrates decided that a minimum in come should be “the cost of a gallon loaf of bread, multiplied by three, plus an allowance for each dependent“. Today the Census Bu

46、reau defines the threshold of poverty in the United States as the minimum amount of money that families need to purchase a nutritionally adequate diet, assuming they use one third of their income for food. Using this definition, roughly half the American population was poor in the aftermath of the G

47、reat Depression of the 1930s. By 1950, the proportion of the poor had fallen to 30 percent and by 1964, to 20 percent. With the adoption of the Johnson administrations antipoverty programs, the poverty rate dropped to 12 percent in 1969. But since then, it has stopped falling. Liberals contend that

48、the poverty line is too low because it fails to take into account changes in the standard of living. Conservatives say that it is too high because the poor receive other forms of public assistance, including food stamps, public housing subsidies, and health care. 36 In which of the following years d

49、id the poor people constitute the largest proportion of the American population? （ A） 1973. （ B） 1987. （ C） 1969. （ D） 1983. 37 It can be inferred that poverty _. （ A） is defined very concretely in every period （ B） is difficult to define in specific terms （ C） is defined in material terms （ D） is defined according to the standard of each decade 38 Those who consider the poverty line high point out that _. （ A） the p