[考研类试卷]GCT工程硕士（英语）模拟试卷35及答案与解析.doc

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1、GCT工程硕士（英语）模拟试卷 35及答案与解析 一、 Part I Vocabulary and Structure Directions: There are ten incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the

2、 center. 1 He hoped the firm would _ him to the Paris branch. （ A） exchange （ B） transmit （ C） transfer （ D） remove 2 The car _ halfway for no reason. （ A） broke off （ B） broke down （ C） broke up （ D） broke out 3 The newcomers found it impossible to _ themselves to the climate sufficiently to make p

3、ermanent homes in the new country. （ A） suit （ B） adapt （ C） regulate （ D） coordinate 4 A _ to this problem is expected to be found before long. （ A） result （ B） response （ C） settlement （ D） solution 5 Floods cause billions of dollars worth of property damage _. （ A） relatively （ B） actually （ C） a

4、nnually （ D） comparatively 6 If she doesnt tell him the truth now, hell simply keep on asking her until she _. （ A） does （ B） has done （ C） will do （ D） would do 7 The patients health failed to such an extent that he was put into _ care. （ A） tense （ B） rigid （ C） intensive （ D） tight 8 He _ with Sm

5、ith at least four times in the past three years. （ A） has been seen to meet （ B） was seen to meet （ C） had been seen meeting （ D） is seen meeting 9 No one had told Smith about _ a lecture the following day. （ A） there being （ B） there be （ C） there would be （ D） there was 10 Operations which left pa

6、tients _ and in need of long periods of recovery time now leave them feeling relaxed and comfortable. （ A） exhausted （ B） abandoned （ C） injured （ D） deserted 二、 Part II Reading Comprehension Directions: In this part there are four passages, each followed by five questions or unfinished statements.

7、For each of them, there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center. 11 Community cancer clusters are viewed quite differently by citizen activists than by epidemiologists. Environmentalists and concerned

8、local residents, for instance, might immediately suspect environmental radiation as the culprit when a high incidence of cancer cases occurs near a nuclear facility. Epidemiologists, in contrast, would be more likely to say that the incidences were “inconclusive“ or the result of pure chance. And wh

9、en a breast cancer survivor, Lorraine Pace, mapped 20 breast cancer cases occurring in her West Islip, Long Island, community, her rudimentary research efforts were guided more by hope that a specific environmental agent could be correlated with the cancers than by scientific method. When epidemiolo

10、gists study clusters of cancer cases and other noncontagious conditions such as birth defects or miscarriage, they take several variables into account, such as background rate (the number of people affected in the general population), cluster size, and specificity (any notable characteristics of the

11、 individual affected in each case). If a cluster is both large and specific, it is easier for epidemiologists to assign blame. Not only must each variable be considered on its own, but it must also be combined with others. Lung cancer is very common in the general population. Yet when a huge number

12、of cases turned up among World War II shipbuilders who had all worked with asbestos, the size of the cluster and the fact that the men had had similar occupational asbestos exposures enabled epidemiologists to assign blame to the fibrous mineral. Although several known carcinogens have been discover

13、ed through these kinds of occupational or medical clusters, only one community cancer cluster has ever been traced to an environmental cause. Health officials often discount a communitys suspicion of a common environmental cause because citizens tend to include cases that were diagnosed before the a

14、fflicted individuals moved into the neighborhood. Add to this the problem of cancers latency. Unlike an infectious disease such as cholera, which is caused by a recent exposure to food or water contaminated with the cholera bacterium, cancer may have its roots in an exposure that occurred 10 to 20 y

15、ears earlier. Do all these caveats mean that the hard work of Lorraine Pace and other community activists is for nothing? Not necessarily. Together with many other reports of breast cancer clusters on Long Island, the West Islip situation highlighted by Pace has helped epidemiologists lay the ground

16、work for a well designed scientific study. 11 The “hope“ mentioned in Paragraph 1 refers specifically to Paces desire to_. （ A） help reduce the incidence of breast cancer in future generations （ B） improve her chances of surviving breast cancer （ C） determine the cause responsible for her own breast

17、 cancer case （ D） identify a particular cause for the breast cancer cases in West Islip 12 The case of the World War II shipbuilders with lung cancer is an example of_. （ A） an occupational cluster （ B） a medical cluster （ C） a radiation cluster （ D） an environmental cluster 13 The passage suggests

18、that the fact that “only one community cancer cluster bas ever been traced to all environmental cause“ (in the third paragraph) is most likely due to the_. （ A） methodological difficulties in analyzing community cancer clusters （ B） reluctance of epidemiologists to investigate environmental factors

19、in cancer （ C） lack of credibility of citizen activists in claiming to have identified cancer agents （ D） effectiveness of regulations restricting the use of carcinogens in residential areas 14 Activists may mistakenly consider a particular incidence of cancer as part of a community cluster despite

20、the fact that_. （ A） the affected individual never worked with any carcinogenic material （ B） the cancer was actually caused by a long-ago exposure （ C） the size of the cluster is too small to be meaningful （ D） the cancer actually arose in a different geographic location 15 The word “caveats“ (in t

21、he last paragraph) refers to_. （ A） refusals by epidemiologists to examine the work of Pace and other activists （ B） potential flaws in amateur studies of cancer cluster （ C） warnings by activists concerning environmental dangers in their communities （ D） tendencies of activists to assume environmen

22、tal causes for cancer 16 My parents house had an attic, the darkest and strangest part of the building, reachable only by placing a stepladder beneath the trapdoor, and filled with unidentifiable articles too important to be thrown out with the trash but no longer suitable to have at hand. This myst

23、erious space was the memory of the place. After many years all the things deposited in it became, one by one, lost to consciousness. But they were still there, we knew, safely and comfortably stored in the tissues of the house. These days most of us live in smaller, more modem houses or in apartment

24、s, and attics have vanished. Even the deep closets in which we used to pile things up for temporary forgetting are rarely designed into new homes. Everything now is out in the open, openly acknowledged and displayed, and whenever we grow tired of a memory, an old chair, a trunkful of old letters, th

25、ey are cast into the dump for burning. This has seemed a healthier way to live, except maybe for the smoke everything out to be looked at, nothing strange hidden under the roof, nothing forgotten because of no place left in impenetrable darkness to forget. Openness is the new lifestyle, no undisclos

26、ed belongings, no private secrets. Candor is the role in architecture. The house is a machine for living, and what kind of machine would hide away its worn-out, deserted parts? But it is in our nature as human beings to clutter, and we long for places set aside, reserved for storage. We tend to accu

27、mulate and outgrow possessions at the same time, and it is an endlessly discomforting mental task to keep sorting out the ones to get rid of. We might, we think, remember them later and find a use for then, and if they are gone for good, off to the damp, this is a source of nervousness. I think it m

28、ay be one of the reasons we drum our fingers so much these days. We might take a lesson here from what has been learned about our brains in this century. We thought we discovered, first off, the attic, although its existence has been mentioned from time to time by all the people we used to call grea

29、t writers. What we really found was the trapdoor and a stepladder, and off we clambered, shining flashlights into the comers, vacuuming the dust out of bureau drawers, puzzling over the names of objects, tossing them down to the floor below, and finally paying around fifty dollars an hour to have th

30、em cast away for burning. 16 Which of the following might be the best title for the passage? （ A） The Attic of the Brain. （ B） Openness of the Modem Lifestyle. （ C） Modem Houses and Old Houses. （ D） The Attic of My Parents House. 17 When comparing the new lifestyle with the old one, the author seems

31、 to assume a tone of_. （ A） admiration for the new lifestyle （ B） regret for the loss of the old lifestyle （ C） a contempt for the new lifestyle （ D） appreciation for both lifestyles 18 The word “candor“ in the third sentence of the third paragraph probably means_. （ A） simplicity （ B） sophisticatio

32、n （ C） openness （ D） immensity 19 According to the author, it is human nature to_. （ A） keep accumulating and classifying new things （ B） search for new uses for old things （ C） set aside old things and reserve them （ D） disclose private secrets 20 The author implies in the last paragraph that_. （ A

33、） it is not necessary to spend so much money studying the brain （ B） we have uncovered all the secrets about our brains （ C） we are too eager to search every comer of our life （ D） modem buildings can still be constructed with the desired attics 21 Doctors at Stanford University are studying a medic

34、ation they hope will alleviate the suffering of millions of American women. But their target isnt breast cancer, osteoporosis, or a similarly well-known affliction. Despite its alarming impact on its victims, the malady in question has received comparatively little medical scrutiny. Its a “hidden ep

35、idemic“, according to the Stanford researchers: compulsive shopping disorder. Thats fight. What was once merely a punch line in television sitcoms is now being taken seriously by many clinicians. According to the Stanford studys leader, Dr. Lorrin Koran, compulsive shopping is “motivated by irresist

36、ible impulses, characterized by spending that is excessive and inappropriate, has harmful consequences for the individual, and tends to be chronic and stereotyped“. Compulsive shoppers “binge buy“ most often clothes, shoes, makeup, and jewelry and then suffer intense guilt. That, in turn, helps trig

37、ger another frenzied trip to the mall, and the cycle continues. Could compulsive shopping be a health hazard associated with Americas unparalleled economic prosperity? “It seems to be a disease of affluence“, says Dr. Jerrold Pollak, a clinical psychologist whos treated several shopaholics. “Adverti

38、sers would like us to think that shopping is a reason to live“, agrees Dr. Cheryl Carmin, another clinical psychologist. “If you do not have the time or inclination to go to the mall or grocery store, there are catalogs, delivery services, home shopping networks on TV, and endless items to buy via t

39、he Internet“. Indeed, this year, U.S. advertisers will spend $233 billion an amount equal to six federal education budgets to persuade Americans to buy, buy, buy. Yet the possibility that U.S. advertisers may be driving certain women in our society to psychosis is only part of the story. It seems th

40、at the pharmaceutical companies quest to cure the effects of excessive marketing may itself be little more than a cleverly-disguised marketing scheme. The Stanford study, like many of its kind, is being funded by a pharmaceutical company. The undisclosed drag is an FDA-approved antidepressant, speci

41、fically an SSRI a selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor (The researchers are also studying behavioral therapies for compulsive shoppers). The researchers running the Stanford study refused to reveal their sponsor. However, only five SSRIs are currently on the U.S. market. Pfizer (makers of Zolofi)

42、, Eli Lilly (Prozac) and SmithKline Beecham (Paxil) all reported that they are neither conducting nor planning any studies of their drags for compulsive shopping. Solvay (Luvox) also seems an unlikely candidate. In 1997, researchers at the University of Iowa tried using Luvox to treat compulsive sho

43、ppers and found no measurable differences between the effects of the drag and those of a placebo. Perhaps the manufacturers of Luvox want to give their product another shot. More likely, however, the mysterious benefactor of the Stanford Study is Forest Pharmaceuticals (Celexa). Their PR department

44、neither confirmed nor denied any involvement in Korans study. Why would a pharmaceutical company anonymously spend money to license one of its top-selling drugs for a marginal disorder like compulsive shopping? A big part of the answer is profit. The mystery company presumably hopes to carve a uniqu

45、e slice out of the mental disorder pie in order to market it together with a ready-made treatment. This is not at all a new strategy for the worlds mammoth pharmaceutical fins, as David Healy, a professor at the University of Wales College of Medicine, explains in his book “The Anti-Depressant Im“.

46、Healys book describes a process by which companies seek to “educate“ both patients and clinicians about a new disorder, to sell the disorder in preparation for selling its cure. Funding clinical trials is a crucial part of that process. 21 We learn at the beginning of the passage that _. （ A） doctor

47、s at Stanford University are testing a new drag （ B） the consequences of compulsive shopping are minimal （ C） compulsive shopping disorder has not received enough attention from the medical community （ D） unlike breast cancer or osteoporosis, compulsive shopping disorder defies treatment 22 Which of

48、 the following is true of compulsive shopping disorder? （ A） It is a disease that tends to get worse and worse. （ B） It is a disease that afflicts a large part of the female population. （ C） It is a disease that lasts for a short period of time. （ D） It is a disease that is inheritable. 23 The manuf

49、acturer of which of the following SSRIs is most possibly the sponsor the Stanford study? （ A） Zolofi （ B） Prozac （ C） Luvox （ D） Celexa 24 We can infer from the passage that a study of a medication by researchers will_. （ A） improve the quality of the medication （ B） cut the cost of the medication （ C） raise the publics awareness of the condition the medication is supposed to cure （ D） encourage the pharmaceutical company to manufacture new medications 25 Th