[考研类试卷]2007年南京大学英语专业（语言学）真题试卷及答案与解析.doc

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1、2007年南京大学英语专业（语言学）真题试卷及答案与解析 一、音标题 1 advertisement 2 inventory 3 Indian 4 ignorant 5 demonstrate 6 employee 7 massage 8 mechanism 9 association 10 portray 11 mastery 12 photographer 二、单项选择题 （ A） resolution （ B） resident （ C） restart （ D） resignationFocus on the pronunciation of “s“ （ A） conquer （ B）

2、 consonant （ C） winkle （ D） resignationFocus on the pronunciation of “n“ （ A） reiterate （ B） considerate （ C） obstinate （ D） literateFocus on the pronunciation of “a“ （ A） include （ B） convey （ C） attain （ D） prosperFocus on the location of the stress （ A） consist （ B） marry （ C） accompany （ D） cont

3、actFocus on the transitivity （ A） domicile （ B） purchase （ C） chuck （ D） diminutiveFocus on the formality （ A） lean （ B） rely （ C） persist （ D） hingeFocus on the collocation （ A） corpulent （ B） statesman （ C） slim （ D） deceaseFocus on the connotation （ A） school/college （ B） move/run （ C） furniture/

4、table （ D） mature/ripeFocus on the type of semantic relation （ A） threaten （ B） advise （ C） beseech （ D） urgeFocus on the type of illocutionary act （ A） cookie （ B） pavement （ C） gray （ D） movieFocus on the geographical origin （ A） burgle （ B） fridge （ C） auto （ D） mathFocus on the type of word form

5、ation 三、分析题 25 This is my colleague, Frank. 26 Are you tired of cleaning yourself? Let us do it. 27 In the film, Pat was a witch. 28 He promised me to come next week. 29 Patent medicines are sold by frightening people. 30 Dog for sale: eats anything and is fond of children. 31 I found something inte

6、resting on the Internet. 32 Killer Sentenced to Die for Second Time in 10 Years. 33 a. The bees swarmed in the garden, b. The garden swarmed with bees. 34 a. The door does not shut easily, b. John cannot shut the door. 35 a. The stone broke the window, b. The window broke. 36 a. Jack lay on his bed.

7、 b. Jack lay in his bed. 37 Im the last office on the corridor. 38 The cheeseburger didnt order onions. 39 Business is business. 40 Time is the best cure. 41 Maybe your car isnt your car. 42 Golf plays Jack. 43 Use an example to illustrate this rule. 44 What kind of words can function as “X“? 45 In

8、words like “unthinkable“, the suffix “able“ means more than “able to be X-ed“. Think of TWO more words of this type. 46 Give TWO more examples that you consider be chunks. 47 Why do you think they are chunks? 48 Why do Chinese students often use “in the campus“ rather than the correct form “on campu

9、s“? 49 What help does it give you when you use these chunks in your communication? 50 What pedagogical implications can you draw from this mistake? 51 I do not know the man you have mentioned. 52 Jack had a very good math teacher, but the boy failed the math exam. 53 We should not depend on the gove

10、rnment for solving all the problems. 54 I would love this skirt if the color is not so bright. 55 He is very good at playing the flute. 56 It was pitch black and we couldnt even see the moon. 57 Transcript of the reading process： (1)这个文章，我先看一下首句是什么，看它是不是符合那种总分结构的文章。 (2)When we talk about intelligenc

11、e， we do not mean the ability to get good scores on certainkinds of tests or even the ability to do well in school For instance， if you look at children， (3)哦，显然不是很明显的总分结构，那我只能一句一句读了。 (4)When we talk aboutintelligence， we do not mean the ability to get good scores on certain kinds of tests or eventh

12、e ability to do well in school (5)When we talk about intelligence， we do not mean theability to get good scores on certain kinds of tests or even the ability to do well in school， wedo not mean the ability to get good scores on certain kinds of tests or even the ability to dowell in school (6)哦，这篇文章

13、讲的就是 intelligence (7)By intelligence we mean a wayof living and behaving， especially in a new or upsetting situation (8)哦，它是说，我们指的这个智商方面的东西是讲一种生活行为的 _种方式，尤其是面对一种新的或者是让人觉得 upsetting的 situation。 (9)If we want to test intelligence， we need to find out howa person acts instead of how much he knows what

14、to do， we need to find out how a personacts instead of how much he knows what to do (10)测试智商是要查出这个人，他是怎么样，他是怎么样行为，而不是他知道了多少。 (11)那我们现在的教育更多方面的 是告诉了你是什么，然后以知道多少，在试卷上反映出多少来衡量，而没有给出一个实际情况，来考查他实际解决问题的能力。 (12)以前我们有个高老师告诉我们要， learnto be和 learn to do is the most important thing,而不光指是你积累了多少知识。 (13)Forinstan

15、ce， when in a new situation， an intelligent person thinks about the situation， not abouthimself or what might happen to him (14)这部分在举例子说明。 (15)When in a newsituation， an intelligent person thinks about the situation not about himself or what mighthappen to him (16)不光考虑他自己的问题， (17)He tries to find ou

16、t all he can， and thenhe acts immediately and tries to do， something about it (18)哦，他试图去发现他所能做的，然后积极地行动起来去解决问题。(19)这就想到了以前的一个心理老师说，在遇到问题时，不是应该回避，或者一直在想怎么办，而是要理出一个头绪，知道我现在唯一能做的事情是什么，然后立即付诸行动。 (20)He probably isnt sure how it will allwork out， but at least he tries他可能不知道会有什么用，但他至少行动了，试过了。 (21)这个，以前不知哪

17、个名人说过一句话，如果我无所畏惧，我会怎么样去做 ，大概就有点这个意思。(22)And， if he cant make things work out right， he doesnt feel ashamedthat he failed； he just tries to learn from his mistakes (23)这句话我很赞同，就是在做错事情的时候，一点都不要觉得羞愧的，至少我试过，我没有什么可后悔的。 (24)好，再往下看。 (25)An intelligent person， even if he is very young， has a special outlook

18、 on life， a special feeling about life， and knows how he fits into it. An intelligent person， even if he isvery young， has a special outlook on life， (26)有很特殊，有一种对生活的期望， (27)aspecial feeling about life (28)有一种特殊的感觉， (29)and knows how he fits into it (30)这句话的意思大概是智慧的聪明的人应该对生活有一种期望和想望，不只是庸庸碌碌的生活，有一种对生

19、活特殊的感觉，要去经历它。(31)我觉得有道理，做人要有目标，然后付诸行动。 (32)整篇文章读下来，不觉得很难。 Reading passage:When we talk about intelligence, we do not mean the ability to get good scores on certain kinds of tests or even the ability to do well in school. By intelligence we mean a way of living and behaving, especially in a new or up

20、setting situation. If we want to test intelligence, we need to find out how a person acts instead of how much he knows what to do.For instance, when in a new situation, an intelligent person thinks about the situation, not about himself or what might happen to him. He tries to find out all he can, a

21、nd then he acts immediately and tries to do something about it. He probably isnt sure how it will all work out, but at least he tries. And if he cant make things work out right, he doesnt feel ashamed that he failed; he just tries to learn from his mistakes. An intelligent person, even if he is very

22、 young, has a special outlook on life, a special feeling about life, and knows how he fits into it.Task: Identify all the possible reading strategies(i.e. methods)the reader was adopting when comprehending the passage. Categorize them. Name each category and briefly explains it. Then, list the numbe

23、r(s)of sentence(s)that illustrate(s)the strategies. An example is provided for your reference.2007年南京大学英语专业（语言学）真题试卷答案与解析 一、音标题 1 【正确答案】 2 【正确答案】 3 【正确答案】 4 【正确答案】 5 【正确答案】 6 【正确答案】 7 【正确答案】 8 【正确答案】 9 【正确答案】 10 【正确答案】 11 【正确答案】 12 【正确答案】 【试题解析】 本题考查国际音标、单词发音及重音等语音知识。考生在记忆单词时，应该关注其音标标注。 二、单项选择题 13 【

24、正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 本题考查字母 “s”在单词中的发音情况，尤其应注意其何时浊化。The letter “s“ in choice C is pronounced as s， while “s“ in the other choices is allpronounced as z 14 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 本题考查字母 “n”在单词中的发音情况，尤其应注意其何时发作后鼻音。 The letter “n“ in choice C is pronounced as ， while“n“in the other choices is allpronounces as n 15

25、【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 本题考查字母 “a”在单词中的发音情况，尤其应注意字母 “a”在单词中何时发字母本身音。 The letter“a“in choice A is pronounced as ei， while“a“ in the other choices is allpronounced as /i/ 16 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 本题考查单词重音，尤其应注意英语中的重音规则 。 The stress of“prosper”on the first syllable， while the stress falls on the secondsyllable in th

26、e other choices 17 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 本题考查动词的及物性与非及物性，考生在单词记忆时稍加注意即可。 The word”consist”is intransitive， while the other three words are all transitive 18 【正确 答案】 C 【试题解析】 本题考查正式语与非正式语区分，考生在语言学习过程中应重点把握语词的适用场合。 The word“chuck”is usually used in informal text， while the other three words areoften used in

27、 formal situation 19 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 本题考查词汇的搭配，考生在词汇学习中注意总结。 The word“hinge”can not be collocated with nay preposition， while the other threewords are often collocated with such prepositions as“on”， “in”， and”against” 20 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 本题考查词汇的内涵意义，这也是考生在词汇学习中需要把握的重点。 The word”statesman”has positive

28、 or favorable connotation， while the other threewords have negative or derogatory meaning 21 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 本题考查词汇的语义关系，考生应对同义、反义、上下义、一词多义及同形 (音 )异义等语义关系熟练掌握。 ”Furniture”and”table”are in the semantic relationship of hyponymy,while the wordsin the other choices are in the semantic relationship of sy

29、nonymy 22 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 本题考查言语行为理论中的行事行为，考生也应了解其他的几种行为。 According to illocutionary act， the word”threaten”can be used to perform acommissive speech act， while the words in the other choices are used to carry out directive acts 23 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 本题考查英式英语和美式英语的区别，两种英语不仅在词汇上有区别，在发音和用法上也有相异之处。 “Pavem

30、ent”is used in British English， while the other three words are all used inAmerican English 24 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 本题考查构词法，考生也应了解其他的几种构词法并能灵活运用。The word”burgle”is obtained out of back-formation， while the words in the otherwords are all formed by means of abbreviation 三、分析题 25 【正确答案】 This sentence is am

31、biguous, and it can be understood in two ways: first, this is my colleague whose name is Frank; second, the speaker introduces his colleague to Frank. 26 【正确答案】 This sentence is ambiguous, and it can be understood in two ways: “cleaning yourself may mean “doing cleaning only by yourself or “bathing

32、yourself. 27 【正确答案】 This is an ambiguous sentence, because Pat may be a character in the film or an actor who acted as a witch in the film. 28 【正确答案】 This sentence is not ambiguous. 29 【正确答案】 This is an ambiguous sentence, and it can be paraphrased in two ways: first, patent medicines are sold by me

33、ans of frightening people; second, frightening people sell patent medicines. 30 【正确答案】 This sentence is ambiguous, and it can be explained in two ways: first, the dog eats anything and is friendly or nice to children; second, the dog eats anything, especially children. 31 【正确答案】 This sentence is una

34、mbiguous. 32 【正确答案】 This sentence is not ambiguous. 【试题解析】 本题型旨在考查考生对歧义句的辨别，由于词汇的搭配或语序的排列，说话人有意或无意地出现了歧义词，通过不同搭配或者不同意群的组合我们可以理解歧义句表达的可能意义。 33 【正确答案】 The themes in the two sentences are different. The thematic structure of sentence a is “the bees“, while sentence b describes the garden. 34 【正确答案】 The

35、 thematic structures in the two sentences are different. Sentence a can be paraphrased as it is hard for anyone to shut the door, while sentence b means that it is hard for John to shut the door. 35 【 正确答案】 Sentence a emphasizes that it is the stone that broke the window, while sentence b simply des

36、cribe a fact. 36 【正确答案】 In sentence a, we only know Jack was on his bed, and his action is not sitting but lying. What Jack was doing while he was lying is not mentioned in sentence a. In sentence b, we know Jack was sleeping in his bed. 【试题解析】 本题型旨在考查考生对句意的理解，句子意义是由组成句子的词语意义和句子的结构意义相互作用下整合出来的。 37 【

37、正确答案】 The subject “I“ is not equal to the predicative “the last office“, but there is a close relationship between them I am the owner of the last office. We can use the persons name for the persons thing with the help of the cognitive mechanismmetonymy. Such a sentence might be used in a situation

38、in which my office is the last on the corridor. 38 【正确答案】 The subject “cheeseburger“ has no acting power and can not perform any actions. The agent should be the person who ordered the cheeseburger. But the sentence is understandable although “cheeseburger“ is placed in the subjects position because

39、 we think in a metonymic way. Such an expression might be used when the cheeseburger is served to the person who did not order one with onions. 39 【正确答案】 This sentence neither provides more information nor conveys less. Such an expression might be used when your friend asks you to offer convenience

40、for some business because your relationship is very close. 40 【正确答案】 In this sentence, the subject “time“ and the predicative “the best cure“ are not of the same category, but this sentence can be understandable with the help of the cognitive mechanism metaphor. The expression indicates that all of

41、the unhappy things will be gone as time elapses. 41 【正确答案】 This sentence may be used(usually by a police)to tell or warn somebody(especially a thief), implying that the car you are using is not actually owned by you. Therefore, sentence meaning is based on the integration between the lexical meaning

42、 of the constituents and the syntactic structure. 42 【正确答案】 According to our common sense, golf is played by people. But in this sentence, the person Jack is! played by golf. It sounds ridiculous, but the expression is acceptable when it has an implicature that Jack is forced to play golf or he has

43、a terrible time in playing. 【试题解析】 本题考查语用学中合作原则的应用，并要求考生利用合作原则分析句子以期推导出隐含之义，而且要求 考生了解一些我们生活中起到较为重要作用的认知机制。 43 【正确答案】 For example, the word “acceptable“ means “able to be accepted“. 44 【正确答案】 Verbs can function as “X“. 45 【正确答案】 unbelievable; unpredictable 【试题解析】 本题旨在考查后缀 “-able”的意义，考生也应了解其他的后缀、前缀甚至中

44、缀的意义。 46 【正确答案】 For example, “for instance“, “in terms of, “in fact“, “carry out“. 47 【正确答案】 Chunks, also known as routines, refer to a segment of language made up of several morphemes or words which are used and learned as if they were a single item. Words in a chunk are usually viewed as an insepa

45、rable whole. For instance, we can say “we think of the past experiences“, but we can not say “we past think the past experiences“. 48 【正确答案】 Chinese students often use “in the campus“ rather than the correct form “on campus“ because of negative transfer of Chinese. In Chinese, they say “在校园里 “ rathe

46、r than “在校园上 “ . Chinese students usually directly translate “里 “ into English “in“ rather than “on“. Therefore, they often use “in the campus“. 49 【正确答案】 When you use these chunks in your communication, it will help you form a new and pure speaking habit. The more chunks you can use correctly, the

47、more ability you have to speak a language. 50 【正确答案】 This mistake is caused by negative transfer of mother tongue. Consequently, a contrastive analysis of the learners native language and the target language has and this in turn determines what the learner has to learn and what the teacher has to te

48、ach. Since language learners have different mother tongues, the teaching has to vary accordingly. Chunks teaching can also help learners to remove negative transfer, and form a good habit of speaking a second language. 51 【正确答案】 The word “the“ is used to define which man “you have mentioned“. 52 【正确

49、答案】 The word “the“ is used to point out the fact that “boy“ is the previously-mentioned “Jack“. 53 【正确答案】 The word “the“ is used to indicate that the problems are known to both the speaker and the hearer. 54 【正确答案】 The word “the“ is used to define the skirt which is so bright that the speaker doesnt like it. 55 【正确答案】 The word “the“ is used immediately before one kind of musical instruments, which generally indicates the kind of instruments, but not a specific one. 56 【正确答案】 The word “the“ is put before