[外语类试卷]雅思（写作）历年真题试卷汇编13及答案与解析.doc

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1、雅思（写作）历年真题试卷汇编 13及答案与解析 一、 WRITING TASK 2 You should spend about 40 minutes on this task. 1 A recent newspaper article reports that a 14-year-old boy, who seriously damaged his school, got a punishment to clean streets instead of being sent to prison. Do you think young criminals should be sent to p

2、rison or should alternative forms of punishment be used? (2016-01-14) 2 The news media have become much more influential in peoples lives. Some people think its a negative development. To what extent do you agree or disagree? (2016-01-23) 3 In recent years, many countries focus on reducing the traff

3、ic on the road, for example, introducing the congestion tax on vehicles during rush hours. Do you think it is a positive or negative development? (2016-01-30) 4 In some countries, there has been an increase in the number of parents who educate their children themselves at home instead of sending the

4、m to school. Do you think the advantages of this outweigh the disadvantages? (2016-02-13) 雅思（写作）历 年真题试卷汇编 13答案与解析 一、 WRITING TASK 2 You should spend about 40 minutes on this task. 1 【正确答案】 Throughout history societies have concluded that there must be a balance between crime and punishment, and in s

5、ome way, the punishment must fit the crime. However, the definition of to fit the crime has changed with modern emphasis on human rights and the idea that the criminal should be reformed and turned into a useful citizen. This is especially true for young criminals. Prison essentially deprives people

6、 of their liberty and is needed for those criminals who are a danger to society, but the punishment is loss of freedom, not necessarily other deprivations. The danger is that criminals in prison meet others and end up re-offending. Young criminals are very susceptible to influence and, ideally, it i

7、s better to help them change their ways. A 14-year-old convicted of serious damage, such as arson, and sent to prison will be marked for life and will almost certainly end up deprived of education. This will make it difficult for him to get a job and support himself. The boy in question was made to

8、clean the streets. It does not say if this involved the humiliation of having to wear a uniform making it obvious that he was being punished, or how long he was required to do this. Certainly it would cost less than keeping him in prison. The work he did would be useful. Hopefully he would not enjoy

9、 it and it would persuade him not to reoffend. There is, however, an alternative point of view. Many children convicted of criminal offences come from poor homes where they have been badly treated, and they have fallen behind in school. Rather than just imprison them, tough love might help, where th

10、ey are required to be disciplined, work hard, learn to read and write well, and sit school examinations, deal with problems such as drugs, alcohol and cope with relationship difficulties. This might take place in a secure school. Prison should be the last resort, and its emphasis, especially for you

11、ng people, should be to prevent reoffending, by addressing whatever problem caused the original criminal behaviour. 【知识模块】 大作文 2 【正确答案】 In the 21st century we have news available 24 hours a day, every day, and it comes from all over the world. Television newsreels, the Internet and newspapers all tr

12、y to keep us informed and entertained. The world seems to get smaller as we hear of distant catastrophes, wars and serious illnesses as well as success stories of heroic feats, fantastic sporting achievements and scientific breakthroughs. The extent of influence on peoples lives is debateable. Peopl

13、e hear of disasters and sometimes give money to help. Some people, especially those who are medically trained, respond by joining organisations, such as Medecins Sans Frontiers (Doctors without Borders) and the Red Cross, and going to help. Fire and rescue personnel are often seen helping in disaste

14、r areas too. Much of what passes for news is bad wars, shootings, natural disasters, although some programmes try to include celebration stories. Constant bad news can make people despondent, especially constant stories of atrocities and natural disasters. On the other hand, most people read or hear

15、 about events and think Oh dear and carry on with their lives regardless, so it does not really affect them that much. The most important thing is that appliances have an off switch, and one has to pick up a newspaper to read it, so we have a choice. News programmes are there, all day, every day, an

16、d most of the information goes over our heads; we have learned to ignore it. Therefore, although it could be a negative experience for a few sensitive souls, generally it is not, and people are better informed as a result. 【知识模块】 大作文 3 【正确答案】 Traffic continues to increase as people get more wealthy

17、and able to afford their own transport. Many families have two, three or sometimes more cars, especially if they live in rural areas where public transport is not so good. As well as cars, increased global trade has led to more and more lorries on the road taking containers from ports inland. Using

18、the Internet for shopping has led to more delivery vans taking goods to peoples houses. All this has led to a huge increase in the amount of pollution, especially from the exhausts of diesel fuelled vehicles. This pollution has been scientifically shown to be the cause of many illnesses, cancer (esp

19、ecially lung cancer), stunted growth in children, poor intelligence in children, earlier deaths The list is endless. Of course, road traffic pollution is not the only form of pollution that is causing problems, but because it affects everyone, mainly city dwellers, it must be dealt with. Governments

20、 have tried many measures. Congestion charges to discourage people taking their cars into the cities are one. Park and Ride schemes, where people park their car and take a bus into the city usually at less cost than a city car park, operate in many cities, especially historic cities with narrow stre

21、ets. Charging people to park at work and encouraging car-sharing schemes all help. The key to success is to provide alternatives, such as improved public transport; perhaps developing trams or building new underground lines, better, faster and cheaper trains, cycle routes with incentives to buy bike

22、s and the possibility of borrowing a bike such as, in Londons Boris bikes, all help. All these measures must be positive, because pollution is such a serious problem. In the short term there are disadvantages. Too many cyclists are killed or injured on the road. Public transport outside big cities i

23、s expensive and not as reliable as it could be. People want the freedom to come and go as they please by car. Cars are a status symbol for some. Attitudes need to change so that people are more conscious of the need to stop pollution and are prepared to do something about it, such as walk or cycle o

24、r use public transport where possible. Local authorities and the government need to make it easier for the public to do this. 【知识模块】 大作文 4 【正确答案】 Until the twentieth century it was usual for wealthy people to educate their children at home, either themselves or by using a tutor. Queen Elizabeth II w

25、as educated at home. Her children were the first royals to go to school. In the nineteenth century when the country needed an educated workforce, schools had to be provided because parents worked and were often not well educated. The culmination of this was the 1944 Education Act which made secondar

26、y education available to all to the age of 15, and made the provision that parents had to educate their children by sending them to school or otherwise. It therefore became the norm for most children to go to school, but some parents chose to educate them otherwise, supported by a group called Educa

27、tion Otherwise. Going to school has many advantages. Children are socialised: they learn to give and take, to share, to get along with others. There are opportunities for playing team games, playing in musical groups and other group activities. Many schools have facilities like swimming pools and ot

28、her sports facilities that most people do not have at home. Teachers are trained and know how to teach and encourage their charges, assisted by an army of clerical staff, support staff, cleaners, cooks, dinner ladies and so on. For older children, the teachers know how to prepare them for public exa

29、minations and university entrance. Most teachers at this stage are specialists in their subject. Most children like school and work to the best of their ability, enjoy meeting friends and benefitting from the help of sympathetic, supportive adults. Sometimes, for some children, the system does not w

30、ork and children are very unhappy. One solution is to educate them at home. It might be that the parents want to educate their children at home for religious or other reasons. This means no travelling is involved, which can take several hours a day. Children can learn exactly at their own pace and f

31、ocus on things that really interest them with excellent courses available on the Internet. An exceptionally clever individual can work at their own level, perhaps preparing for public examinations several years earlier than their peers. Home educated children have the opportunity to take part in spo

32、rts such as horse riding that are not usually available in school. Children with serious illness too can be better off at home. However, educating children at home demands a huge commitment from the parents. If the parent does not work, or works from home, part time, this can be a solution. On the o

33、ther hand, no time is needed for transporting children to school and there is no need for school uniforms, so children do not have to get it all ready each day. For some children the advantages definitely outweigh the disadvantages, and there are children whose parents might choose education otherwise. In the case of the vast majority school is the means of education, ensuring a good standard and relieving working parents of the need to teach their children themselves. 【知识模块】 大作文