[外语类试卷]职称英语（理工类）B级模拟试卷13及答案与解析.doc

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1、职称英语（理工类） B级模拟试卷 13及答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15题，每题 1分，共 15分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。 1 She eventually married the most persistent one of her admirers. （ A） in a way （ B） in due course （ C） in the end （ D） in any case 2 Five minutes left, the outcome of the match was still in dou

2、bt. （ A） result （ B） judgment （ C） decision （ D） event 3 The reporter was accused of unprofessional conduct. （ A） movement （ B） words （ C） principle （ D） behavior 4 He made a considerable sum of money in real estate. （ A） large （ B） positive （ C） powerful （ D） realistic 5 A crowd gathered/ to see wh

3、at had happened. （ A） collected （ B） fixed （ C） divided （ D） assist 6 If I made a mistake, I will try to remedy it. （ A） clarify （ B） diagnose （ C） evaporate （ D） correct 7 We derive information mainly from the Internet. （ A） deprive （ B） obtain （ C） descend （ D） trace 8 His sole motive was to make

4、her happy. （ A） aim （ B） argument （ C） capability （ D） pursuit 9 He could not tolerate the extremes of heat in the desert. （ A） bear （ B） hate （ C） like （ D） criticize 10 These factors interact intimately and cannot be separated. （ A） tensely （ B） nearly （ C） carefully （ D） closely 11 She exhibited

5、great powers of endurance during the climb. （ A） play （ B） send （ C） show （ D） tell 12 The eternal motion of the stars fascinated him. （ A） long （ B） never ending （ C） boring （ D） extensive 13 She could not answer, it was an immense load off her heart. （ A） natural （ B） fatal （ C） tiny （ D） enormous

6、 14 The book made a great impact on its readers. （ A） force （ B） influence （ C） surprise （ D） power 15 Accompanied by cheerful music, we began to dance. （ A） pleasant （ B） colorful （ C） fashionable （ D） different 二、 阅读 判断 (第 16-22题，每题 1分，共 7分 ) 下面的短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该

7、句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。 15 Magaplane (巨型飞机 ) The Boeing Corp. and Europes Airbus consortium (财团 ) are preparing to offer bigger airplanes to the worlds airlines. Now that talks on a joint project have broken down, Boeing is pushing a stretched (拓展的 ) version of 747, and Airbus is design

8、ing an all-new aircraft, known as the A3XX. Seating 550 passengers in the basic model, and 650 in a stretched version, the 1. 2 million pound A3XX will not only be the largest airplane in the world, but it will also be one of the most advanced. The outer wings and the horizontal stabilizer (as big a

9、s a smaller jets wing) will be made of carbon-fiber composite materials, and will be the largest? such structures on any aircraft except the B-2 stealth bomber (隐形轰炸机 ). Metal skins will be welded (焊接 ) together with lasers, removing thousands of fasteners. When a strong wind strikes the A3XXs 260-f

10、oot wing, movable control surfaces will prevent it from flexing (扭曲 ) like a giant spring. This will make the ride smoother and will save weight by reducing the load on the wing spars (翼梁 ). A flexible-skinned flap (副翼 ) will subtly change the wings curvature (曲面 ) to match the airplanes changing we

11、ight as it burns fuel on each journey. The A3XX will carry up to 1,600 meals, filling more than 100 food and beverage (饮料 ) carts. To make more room for passengers, Airbus plans to put the carts in the lower hold; automatic conveyors and elevators will deliver them to the two passenger decks. Airlin

12、es have asked Airbus to look at extra features ranging from lower-deck sleeper cabins to a childrens playroom. Airbus expects to offer the A3XX to airlines in 1998, and deliver the first aircraft in 2003. 16 The basic model of A3XX can carry more than 500 passengers. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not m

13、entioned 17 A3XX will fly faster while consuming less oil. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 18 A3XX will be bigger than the B-2 stealth bomber. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 19 No fasteners will be used in building A3XX because all components will be welded together. （ A） Right （

14、B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 20 The wing of A3XX will not be spoiled when it is stricken by a strong wind because its surface are designed to be movable. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 21 Airbus plans to build a mini-restaurant in the lower hold of A3XX. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not menti

15、oned 22 The first A3XX will be available in 2003. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 三、 概括大意与完成句子 (第 23-30题，每题 1分，共 8分 ) 下面的短文后有 2项测试 任务： (1)第 23-26题要求从所给的 6个选项中为第 2-5段每段选择一个最佳标题； (2)第 27-30题要求从所给的 6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。 22 Electromagnetic Energy 1. White light seems to be a combination of all co

16、lors. The energy that comes from a source of light is not limited to the kind of energy you can see. Heat is given off by a flame or an electric light. On a cloudy day it is possible to get a sunburn even though you feel cool. Visible light and the kind of energy that produce warmth and sunburn are

17、examples of electromagnetic energy. 2. The sun is 93 million miles from the earth. Yet we can use energy from the sun because electromagnetic energy travels through space. 3. Many other kinds of energy are also types of electromagnetic energy. Radio, television, and radar signals travel from transmi

18、tters to receivers as low-energy electromagnetic waves. Infrared (红外线的 ) radiation is an electromagnetic wave. When it is absorbed by matter, heat is produced. Waves of infrared and visible light have more energy than waves of radio, television, or radar. Ultraviolet rays (紫外线 ) and X-rays are elect

19、romagnetic waves with even greater amounts of energy. Infrared radiation is used in cooking food and heating buildings. Sunlight and electric lights are part of our requirements for normal living. Ultraviolet radiation is useful in killing certain disease organisms. X-rays and gamma rays have so mus

20、h energy that they travel right through solid objects. They can be used to detect and treat cancer. X-rays are used in industry to find hidden cracks in metal, and in medicine to reveal broken bones. 4. Usually we use electricity to generate electromagnetic energy. The source of most of our energy i

21、s the sun. Heat from the sun causes water to evaporate. When the water falls to the earth as rain, some of it is trapped behind dams and then used to operate electric generators. Other generators are powered by coal, but the energy stored in coal came from the sun, too. 5. Until recently, the source

22、 of the tremendous amount of energy given off by the sun was a puzzle. If the sun depended on chemical reactions, it would have used up all its energy long ago. Experiments with electromagnetic radiation led to the theory that mass can be converted into energy. About forty years after the theory was

23、 proposed, nuclear energy was harnessed (利用 ) by man. Chemical energy comes from electron (电子 ) rearrangement. Nuclear energy comes from a change in the nucleus of an atom. Compared with chemical reactions, nuclear reactions release millions of times more energy per pound of fuel. We now believe tha

24、t the suns energy comes from the nuclear reactions in which hydrogen is changed into helium (氦 ). 6. Nuclear energy is beginning to compete with coal as an economical source of power to generate electricity. It is also being used to operate engines in large ships. Scientists continue to seek new and

25、 better methods of obtaining and using energy. A. Nuclear Reactions as the Lasting Source of the Suns Energy B. The Most Important Source of Energy C. Types of Electromagnetic Energy D. X-rays Are Used to Detect and Treat Cancer. E. Seeking New Sources of Energy F. Nuclear Energy is Beginning to Com

26、pete with Coal 23 Paragraph 3 _ 24 Paragraph 4 _ 25 Paragraph 5 _ 26 Paragraph 6 _ 26 A. electromagnetic energy B. electromagnetic energy travels through space C. came from the sun D. when a change in the nucleus of an atom takes place E. when the sunrays are fierce F. chemical energy is generated 2

27、7 Visible light that produce warmth is an example of _. 28 We can use energy from the sun because _. 29 The energy stored in coal _. 30 _ when electron rearrangement takes place. 四、 阅读理解 (第 31-45题，每题 3分，共 45分 ) 下面有 3篇短文后有 5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题选 1个最佳选项。 30 The Best Way to Reduce Your Weight You hear this:

28、“No Wonder you are fat. All you ever do is eat. “ You feel sad: “I skip my breakfast and supper. I run every morning and evening. What else can I do?“ Basically you can do nothing. Your genes, not your life habits, determine your weight and your body constantly tries to maintain it. Albert Stunkard

29、of the University of Pennsylvania found from experiments that, “80 percent of the Children of two obese parents become obese, as compared with no more than 14 percent of the offspring of two parents of normal weight. “ How can obese people become normal or even thin through dieting? Well, dieting ca

30、n be effective, but the health costs are tremendous. Jules Hirsch, a research physician at Rockefeller University, did a study of eight fat people. They were given a liquid formula providing 600 calories (卡路里 ) a day. After more than 10 weeks, the subjects lost 45 kg on average. But after leaving th

31、e hospital, they all regained. The results were surprising: by metabolic measurement, fat people who lost large amounts of weight seemed like they were starving. They had psychiatric problems. They dreamed of food or breaking their diet. They were anxious and depressed (沮丧的 ) ; some were suicidal. T

32、hey hid food in their rooms. Researchers warn that it is possible that weight reduction doesnt result in normal weight, but in an abnormal state resembling (类似 ) that of starved non-obese people. Thin people, however, suffer from the opposite: They have to make a great effort to gain weight. Ethan S

33、ims, of the University of Vermont, got prisoners to volunteer to gain weight. In four to six months, they ate as much as they could. They succeeded in increasing their weight by 20 to 25 percent. But months after the study ended, they were back to normal weight and stayed there. This did not mean th

34、at people are completely without hope in controlling their weight. It means that those who tend to be fat will have to constantly battle their genetic inheritance if they want to significantly lower their weight. The findings also provide evidence for something scientists thought was true - each per

35、son has a comfortable weight range. The range might be as much as 9 kg. Someone might weigh 60-69 kg without too much effort But going above of below the natural weight range is difficult. The body resists by feeling hungry or full and changing the metabolism to push the weight back to the range it

36、seeks. 31 What determines your weight? （ A） Your working manner. （ B） Your eating habit. （ C） Your life style. （ D） Your genes. 32 What did Jules Hirsch do in his study? （ A） He let the eight fat people skip supper. （ B） He let the eight fat people skip breakfast. （ C） He let the eight fat people ru

37、n every morning and evening. （ D） He gave the eight fat people a liquid formula providing 600 calories a day. 33 What happened to the eight fat people after they left the hospital? （ A） They went mad. （ B） They killed themselves. （ C） They were back to normal weight. （ D） They attempted suicide 34 W

38、hat did Ethan Sims make his subjects do? （ A） Battle their genetic inheritance. （ B） Increase their weight. （ C） Stay at home. （ D） Lower their weight. 35 What did scientists think was true? （ A） Each person has a fixed weight range. （ B） Each person has a weight range of 9 kg. （ C） Each person want

39、s to control his weight. （ D） Each person wants to eat to his hearts content. 35 Black Holes Trigger Stars Self-destruction Scientists have long understood that super massive (大块的 ) black holes weighing. Millions or billions of suns can tear apart stars that come too close. The black holes gravity (

40、地心引力 ) pulls harder on the neatest part of the star, an imbalance that pulls the star apart over a period of minutes or hours, once it gets close enough. Scientists say this uneven pulling is not the only hazard (冒险 ) facing the star. The strain of these unbalanced forces can also trigger (触发 ) a nu

41、clear explosion powerful enough to destroy the star from within. Matthieu Brassart and Jean-Pierre Luminet of the Observatoire of the Paris in Meudon, France, carried out computer simulations of the final moments of such an unfortunate stars life, as it veered towards a supermassive black hole. When

42、 the star gets Close enough, the uneven forces flatten it into a pancake shape. Some previous studies had suggested this flattening would increase the density and temperature inside the star enough to trigger intense nuclear reactions that would tear it apart (扯开 ). But other studies had suggested t

43、hat the picture would he complicated by shock waves generated during the flattening process and that not nuclear explosion should occur. The new simulations investigated the effects of shock waves in detail, and fund that even when their effects are included; the conditions favor a nuclear explosion

44、. “There will be an explosion of the star. It will be completely destroyed,“ Brassart says. Although the explosion obliterates the star, it saves some of the starts matter from being devoured by the black hole. The explosion is powerful enough to hurt much of the stars matter out of the black holes

45、reach, he says. The devouring of stars by black holes may already have been observed, although at a much later stage. It is thought that several months after the event that rips the star apart, its matter starts swirling into the hole itself. It heats up as it does so, releasing ultraviolet light an

46、d X-rays. If stars disrupted (使分裂 ) near black holes really do explode, then they could in principle allow these events to be detected at a much earlier stage, says Jules Halpern of Columbia University in New York, US. “It may make it possible to see the disruption of that star immediately if it get

47、s hot enough. “ Brassart aggress. “Perhaps it can be observed in the X-rays and gamma rays, but its something that needs to be more studied , “he says. Supernova researcher Chris Fryer of the Los Alamos National Laboratory in Los Almos, New Mexico, US, says the deaths of these stars are difficult to

48、 simulate, and he is not sure whether the researchers have proven their case they exploded in the process. 36 Something destructive could happen to a star that gets too close to a black hole. Which of the following statements is NOT mentioned in the passage? （ A） The black hole could tear apart the

49、star. （ B） The black hole could trigger a nuclear explosion in the star. （ C） The black hole could dwindle its size considerably. （ D） The black hole could devour the star. 37 According to the third paragraph, researchers differed from each other in the problem of （ A） whether nuclear reaction would occur. （ B） whether the stars would increase its density and temperature. （ C） whether shock waves would occur. （ D） whether the uneven forces would flatten the stars. 38 According to the