[外语类试卷]考博英语模拟试卷139及答案与解析.doc
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1、考博英语模拟试卷 139及答案与解析 一、 Reading Comprehension 0 Is language, like food, a basic human need without which a child at a critical period of life can be starved and damaged? Judging from the drastic experiment of Frederick H in the thirteenth century, it may be. Hoping to discover what language a child wo
2、uld speak if he heard no mother tongue, he told the nurses to keep silent. All the infants died before the first year. But clearly there was more than lack of language here. What was missing was good mothering. Without good mothering, in the first year of life especially, the capacity to survive is
3、seriously affected. Today no such severe lack exists as that ordered by Frederick. Nevertheless, some children are still backward in speaking. Most often the reason for this is that the mother is insensitive to the signals of the infant, whose brain is programmed to learn language rapidly. If these
4、sensitive periods are neglected, the ideal time for acquiring skills passes and they might never be learned so easily again. A bird learns to sing and to fly rapidly at the right time, but the process is slow and hard once the critical stage has passed. Experts suggest that speech stages are reached
5、 in a fixed sequence and at a constant age, but there are cases where speech has started late in a child who eventually turns out to be of high IQ. At twelve weeks a baby smiles and makes vowel-like sounds; at twelve months he can speak simple words and understand simple commands; at twelve months h
6、e can speak simple words and understand simple commands; at eighteen months he has a vocabulary of three to fifty words. At three he knows about 1,000 words which be can put into sentences, and at four his language differs from that of his parents in style rather than grammar. Recent evidence sugges
7、ts that an infant is born with the capacity to speak. What is special about mans brain, compared with that of the monkey, is the complex system which enables a child to connect the sight and feel of, say, a toy-bear with the sound pattern “toy-bear“. And even more incredible is the young brains abil
8、ity to pick out an order in language from the mixture of sound around him, to analyze, to combine and recombine the parts of a language in new ways. But speech has to be induced, and this depends on interaction between the mother and the child, where the mother recognizes the signals in the childs b
9、abbling, grasping and smiling, and responds to them. Insensitivity of the mother to these signals dulls the interaction because the child gets discouraged and sends out only the obvious signals. Sensitivity to the childs nonverbal signals is essential to the growth and development of language. 1 The
10、 purpose of Frederick s experiment was _. ( A) to prove that children are born with the ability to speak ( B) to discover what language a child would speak without hearing any human speech ( C) to find out what role careful nursing would play in teaching a child to speak ( D) to prove that a child c
11、ould be damaged without learning a language 2 The reason some children are backward in speaking is most probably that _. ( A) they are incapable of learning language rapidly ( B) they are exposed to too much language at once ( C) their mothers respond inadequately to their attempts to speak ( D) the
12、ir mothers are not intelligent enough to help them 3 What is exceptionally remarkable about a child is that _. ( A) he is born with the capacity to speak ( B) he has a brain more complex than an animals ( C) he can produce his own sentences ( D) he owes his speech ability to good nursing 4 Which of
13、the following can NOT be inferred from the passage? ( A) The faculty of speech is inborn in man. ( B) Encouragement is anything but essential to a child in language learning. ( C) The childs brain is highly selective. ( D) Most children learn their language in definite stages. 5 If a child starts to
14、 speak later than others, he will _ in future. ( A) have a high IQ ( B) be less intelligent ( C) be insensitive to verbal signals ( D) not necessarily be backward 5 Elderly people respond best to a calm and unhurried environment. This is not always easy to provide as their behavior can sometimes be
15、irritating, ff they got excited or upset then they may become more confused and more difficult to look after. Although sometimes it can be extremely difficult, it is best to be patient and not get upset yourself. You should always encourage old people to do as much as possible for themselves but be
16、ready to lend a helping hand when necessary. Failing memory makes it difficult for the person to recall all the basic kinds of information we take for granted. The obvious way to help in this situation is to supply the information that is missing and help them make sense of what is going on. You mus
17、t use every opportunity to provide information but remember to keep it simple and straightforward. “Good morning, Mum. This is Fiona, your daughter. It is eight oclock, so if you get up now, we can have breakfast downstairs.“ When the elderly person makes confused statements e.g. about going out to
18、his or her old employment or visiting a dead relative, correct in a calm matter-of-fact fashion: “You dont work in the office any more. You are retired now. Will you come and help me with the dishes?“ We rely heavily on the information provided by signposts, clocks, calendars and newspapers. These a
19、ssist us to organize and direct our behavior. Confused old people need these aids all the time to compensate for their poor memory. Encourage them to use reminder beards or diaries for important coming events and label the contents of different cupboards and drawers. Many other aids such as informat
20、ion cards, old photos, scrapbooks, addresses or shopping lists could help in individual case. 6 The main subject of the passage about elderly people is _. ( A) their general care and welfare ( B) promoting their physical and mental health ( C) how they can be helped to look after themselves as far a
21、s possible ( D) assisting people with physical problems to live a normal life 7 The passage gives help for one responsible for an elderly forgetful person by _. ( A) removing some of his or her worries about the job ( B) suggesting sensible things to do in these circumstances ( C) providing ideas th
22、at help in recovering the lost memory ( D) explaining the causes of loss of memory 8 By “in a calm matter-of-fact fashion“ the author most probably means _. ( A) plainly and sensibly ( B) by a detailed explanation of the mistakes ( C) by showing sympathy and understanding ( D) by ignoring them and t
23、alking about something else 9 Visual aids can give practical help to elderly people by _. ( A) bringing back to mind various kinds of useful information ( B) informing them about what has to be done next ( C) helping them to revive old memories ( D) clearing up their mistakes and confusion 10 Which
24、is not mentioned in this passage as an aid to elderly people? ( A) Providing a calm and unhurried environment. ( B) Giving encouragement. ( C) Providing simple and straightforward information. ( D) Providing psychotherapy. 10 Heres my simple test for a product of todays technology: I go to the books
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- 外语类 试卷 英语 模拟 139 答案 解析 DOC