[外语类试卷]笔译二级实务模拟试卷4及答案与解析.doc
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1、笔译二级实务模拟试卷 4及答案与解析 SECTION 1 Compulsory Translation (30 points) 1 Japan owes a lot to China. Chinese demand for Japanese goods has helped Japans economy recover, while competition has pressured executives to start restructuring Japans companies and banks. Japan is an example of how China is offering
2、 two benefits to the global economy. One is the way in which China is acting as an economic engine, buying up ever-increasing amounts of goods and natural resources. The other is the flow of inexpensive Chinese goods that drag down consumer prices across the world. There are downsides, like the decl
3、ine of manufacturing industries from Detroit and Perth. Folks in developed economies losing jobs or taking pay cuts would hardly agree that Chinas rising influence is a good thing. But at the moment, Chinas 9.5 percent growth rate is proving more of a blessing than a bane for countries like Japan. Q
4、uietly, at the start of this decade, Japanese companies began shifting production abroad, cutting costs, selling off extraneous businesses and paying down debt. The government also stepped up efforts to attract more foreign direct investment, something Japan had little use for in the past. Taken tog
5、ether, these actions largely prompted by Chinas advance, have led to the most organic and convincing recovery Japan has seen in years. While Japan has much further to got to make its economy more globally competitive, it is worth noting how far it has come from the dark days of the late 1990s. There
6、 are many benefits inherent in Chinas advance. One of them was spelled out by Anatole Kaletsky, an editor and economic columnist at The Times of London. He wrote on August 18 that Chinas rise is making the richest nations even richer. Along with pushing down global prices of mass-produced goods, Chi
7、nas influence may actually be pushing up the prices of products and services China does not or cannot make. That can be seen in the prices of things that China consumes oil, financial services, luxury goods and real estate. Kaletsky said that as prices of luxury goods and financial services are driv
8、en higher, prosperous countries with service industries become wealthier, compared with manufacturing countries. SECTION 2 Optional Translation (30 points) 2 Ever since the economist David Ricardo offered the basic theory in 1817, economic scripture has taught that open trade free of tariffs, quotas
9、, subsidies or other government distortions improves the well-being of both parties. U.S. policy has implemented this doctrine with a vengeance. Why is free trade said to be universally beneficial? The answer is a doctrine called “comparative advantage“. Heres a simple analogy. If a surgeon is highl
10、y skilled both at doing operations and performing routine blood tests, its more efficient for the surgeon to concentrate on the surgery and pay a less efficient technician to do the tests, since that allows the surgeon to make the most efficient use of her own time. By extension, even if the United
11、States is efficient both at inventing advanced biotechnologies and at the routine manufacture of medicines, it makes sense for the United States to let the production work migrate to countries that can make the stuff more cheaply. Americans get the benefit of the cheaper products and get to spend th
12、eir resources on even more valuable pursuits. That, anyway, has always been the premise. But here Samuelson dissents. What if the lower-wage country also captures the advanced industry? If enough higher-paying jobs are lost by American workers to outsourcing, he calculates, then the gain from the ch
13、eaper prices may not compensate for the loss in U.S. purchasing power. “Free trade is not always a win-win situation,“ Samuelson concludes. It is particularly a problem, he says, in a world where large countries with far lower wages, like India and China, are increasingly able to make almost any pro
14、duct or offer almost any service performed in the United States. If America trades freely with them, then the powerful drag of their far lower wages will begin dragging down U.S. average wages. The U.S. economy may still grow, fie calculates, but at a lower rate than it otherwise would have. 3 Ugand
15、as eagerness for genuine development is reflected in its schoolchildrens smiles and in the fact that so many children are now going to school. Since 1997, when the government began to provide universal primary education, total primary enrollment had risen from 3 million to 7.6 million in 2004. Schoo
16、ls have opened where none existed before, although there is some way to go in reaching the poorest areas of the country. Uganda has also made strides in secondary and higher education, to the point that it is attracting many students from other countries. At the secondary level, enrollment is above
17、700,000, with the private sector providing the majority of schools. For those who want to take their education further, there are 12 private universities in addition to the four publicly funded institutions, together providing 75,000 places. Education is seen as a vital component in the fight agains
18、t poverty. The battle for better health is another, although it is one that will take longer to win in a country that carries a high burden of disease, including malaria and AIDS. Here, the solutions can only arise from a combination of international support and government determination to continue
19、spending public money on preventive care and better public health information. Current government plans include recruiting thousands of nurses, increasing the availability of drugs and building 200 new maternity units. Ugandas high rate of population growth, at 3.6 percent per annum, poses a special
20、 challenge in the fight against poverty, says Finance Minister Gerald Ssendaula, who points out that the fertility rate, at 6.9 children per female, is the highest in Africa. The governments newly revised Poverty Eradication Action Plan (PEAP) puts the “restoration of security“ at the top of the cur
21、rent government agenda. This is because it estimates that Uganda has lost 3 percent of its gross domestic product each year that the conflict has persisted. Displaced people are not only a financial burden, they are unable to contribute to the economy. The other core challenges identified by the rev
22、ised PEAP are finding ways to keep the lowest income growing, improving the quality of education, giving people more control over the size of their families and using public resources transparently and efficiently. It is a document that other poor countries could learn from. SECTION 1 Compulsory Tra
23、nslation (20 points) 4 进入新世纪,国际形势继续发生深刻复杂的变化。世界多极化和经济全球化在曲折中发展。科技进步日新月异,我们既面临着必须抓住的发展机遇,也面临着必须认真应对的严峻挑战,尽管当今世界还存在着这样那样的矛盾和利益冲突,不确定、不稳定因素有所增加,但和平与发展仍是当今时代的主题,世界要和平、国家要发展、人民要合作是不可阻挡的历史潮流。 当前亚洲形势总体稳定,和平、发展、合作已成为前进中亚洲的主流。经过共同努力,亚洲有关国家摆脱了金融危机的阴影,战胜了非典和禽流感疫情的冲击,经济结构调整取得成效, 产业升级换代步伐加快,区域合作方兴未艾,抗御风险能力不断增强。亚
24、洲仍然是全球最具发展活力的地区之一,也继续是全球贸易的重要增长点之一。我们对亚洲的发展前景充满信心。 SECTION 2 Optional Translation (20 points) 5 近年来,中国经济保持快速发展,为世界经济发展注入了活力。实践证明了中国在加入世贸组织之前的预言:中国的发展离不开世界,世界的发展需要中 国。未来 20年,在全面建设小康社会的进程中,中国一定会对世界经济的发展和实现全人类的共同进步做出历 史性的贡献。为此,中国将继续扩大外贸,大力实施西部大开发战略,进一步改善投资环境,为外商提供更大的商机。同时,中国将引导和支持更多有比较优势的企业对外投资,开展平等互利、
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