[外语类试卷]清华大学考博英语模拟试卷19及答案与解析.doc

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1、清华大学考博英语模拟试卷 19及答案与解析 一、 Structure and Vocabulary 1 Brass concert music was_to a new level in the 1880s when John Philip Sousa took over the U.S. Marine Band. （ A） strengthened （ B） headed （ C） lifted （ D） briefed 2 Franklin Delano Roosevelt was the U.S. President when many businesses were_during th

2、e Great Depression. （ A） failing （ B） incorporating （ C） buying stocks （ D） expanding 3 Grand Teton National Park_the most scenic portion of the glaciated, snow-covered Teton Range. （ A） excludes （ B） fulfils （ C） dominates （ D） expanding 4 Heat exhaustion is a condition caused by_to sunlight or ano

3、ther heat source which often results in dehydration and salt depletion. （ A） a reaction to （ B） overexposure （ C） an limitation of （ D） an absence of 5 Some authorities trace the jury system to Anglo Saxon or even more_Germanic times. （ A） remote （ B） similar （ C） austere （ D） barbaric 6 Hydrogeolog

4、y is the study of water and its properties, including its_ and movement in and through land areas. （ A） flow （ B） absorption （ C） distribution （ D） evaporation 7 A persons psychological_has much to do with his or her happiness in life. （ A） state （ B） territory （ C） interest （ D） nation 8 Scientists

5、 generally hold that language has been so long in use that the length of time writing is known to cover is_in comparison. （ A） overwhelming （ B） uninspiring （ C） astounding （ D） trifling 9 The Lewis and Clark expedition_the territory of the Louisiana Purchase and beyond as far as the Pacific Ocean.

6、（ A） located （ B） searched （ C） exploited （ D） developed 10 A loan refers to anything given on condition of its return or repayment of its_. （ A） excess （ B） debt （ C） currency （ D） equivalent 11 Malaria is an infectious parasitic disease that can be either acute or chronic and is frequently_. （ A）

7、repeating （ B） terminal （ C） debilitating （ D） recurrent 12 Mercury is the nearest planet to the sun and its period of_is 88 days. （ A） movement （ B） evolution （ C） return （ D） revolution 13 Monkeys are excellent climbers, and most are_tree dwellers. （ A） often （ B） primarily （ C） rarely （ D） savage

8、ly. 14 The only safe way of distinguishing between edible and poisonous mushrooms is to learn to_the individual species. （ A） identify （ B） classify （ C） isolate （ D） separate 15 Nepal is a country in central Asia that is landlocked and_by the Himalayas. （ A） secluded （ B） bordered （ C） integrated （

9、 D） opened 16 As a salesman, he works on a_basis, taking 10% of everything he sells. （ A） revenue （ B） commission （ C） salary （ D） pension 17 The leaders of the two countries are planning their summit meeting with a_to maintain and develop good ties. （ A） score （ B） priority （ C） pledge （ D） reward

10、18 The director of the research institute came in person to_that everything was all right. （ A） make out （ B） make sure （ C） make clear （ D） make up 19 Although the speaker was a well-known personality, his speech was poorly_. （ A） raised （ B） delivered （ C） lectured （ D） preached 20 Would you pleas

11、e bring me some_catalogues? These are too old. （ A） modern （ B） fashionable （ C） up-to-date （ D） out-of-date 21 It is not considered_to pick ones teeth in public. （ A） respectful （ B） respected （ C） respectable （ D） respective 22 Beth could_her coat easily because it has large red buttons. （ A） just

12、ify （ B） identify （ C） prove （ D） test 23 He was busy writing the essay all the morning, only_occasionally to have a cup of tea. （ A） breaking off （ B） breaking out （ C） breaking （ D） breaking away 24 The last guests to reach the hotel_at 12 o clock at night. （ A） checked out （ B） checked up （ C） ch

13、ecked in （ D） chock on 25 Bill had been looking for his gloves for quite a while, which_eventually under a cushion. （ A） turned up （ B） turned on （ C） turned down （ D） turned over 26 On hearing the news that her father died of a car accident, she_tears. （ A） burst out （ B） burst in （ C） burst into （

14、 D） burst forth 27 The electronic computer is_some of the tasks that were once accomplished by our own brains. （ A） taking care （ B） taking in （ C） taking off （ D） taking over 28 The picnic_at last after being twice postponed. （ A） came off （ B） came up （ C） put on （ D） went on 29 He swallows his wo

15、rds so much that I can never_what he is saying. （ A） make out （ B） put up （ C） deal with （ D） take up 30 If you_your influence, they may change their decision. （ A） compel （ B） exert （ C） expose （ D） vary 31 Do you have an afternoon_this week to meet the President? （ A） obtainable （ B） available （ C

16、） visible （ D） reliable 32 He_the job because it involved too much traveling. （ A） took up （ B） applied for （ C） turned down （ D） switched to 33 The medias_in the presidents private life switched the attention away from the real issues. （ A） capacity （ B） concentration （ C） focus （ D） involvement 34

17、 Juliet is not at work. She is taking a_until the end of this week. （ A） vocation （ B） vacation （ C） vacancy （ D） volume 35 In todays rapidly changing economy, opportunities_for those who are motivated and dedicated to achieving their career goals. （ A） abound （ B） refrain （ C） transcend （ D） uphold

18、 36 His strange behavior confirmed his neighbors in their_that he was guilty. （ A） suspicion （ B） doubt （ C） estimate （ D） imagination 37 Next week youd better bring all your questions here. Were going to have a question-and-answer_. （ A） section （ B） service （ C） session （ D） course 38 This disting

19、uished director_the plot for the prizewinning film while he was still a college student. （ A） conceived （ B） constituted . （ C） reflected （ D） calculated 39 The police have asked for the_of the public in tracing the whereabouts of the missing child. （ A） award （ B） co-operation （ C） position （ D） he

20、lpfulness 40 He phoned his uncle who lived in the country, asking him to_his two schoolmates for the weekend. （ A） assemble （ B） accommodate （ C） raise （ D） resemble 二、 Reading Comprehension 40 Scientists now tend to agree that the noise level for potential hearing loss begins at about 70 decibels.

21、Some of them are very concerned because normal daily life often exposes people to noise levels of about 70 decibels even inside their homes. Cities have always been noisy,but noise is now spreading to areas that were quiet just a few years ago. Clearly,something must be done or noise will seriously

22、and permanently maim the population. Fortunately, the knowledge and methods to control noise already exist. As a matter of fact,this is one instance where the knowledge of control methods exceeds the knowledge about the effects on human life and on the environment. There are two common means for con

23、trol. The first is reducing noise at its source,and the second is changing the sound path by distance or by shielding. The second approach is being used more often today as people become more aware of the danger of noise. New building codes require better sound insulation in homes and apartments. Mo

24、re and more towns are passing zoning ordinances that try to segregate noisy factories or airports from residential areas. Sound-absorbent materials and construction designed to block sound paths are slowly coming into use in offices and homes. New highways are being built to redirect traffic noise u

25、p and away from nearby areas. Aircraft are increasingly being required to use reduced power flights around airports. There are many examples of available noise control methods that are not being used. More flexible building codes would permit the use of quieter kinds of plumbing pipes. Sound-absorbi

26、ng materials can reduce the noise of motors and engines. Power generators van be quieted with baffles,exhaust silencers, and sound absorbers. Truck tires can be made with quieter treads. In many cases,the cost of building quieter machines is the same or only slightly higher than that of the current

27、noisy ones. Even though the new equipment may cost more initially.it can prove more profitable in the long run. The new jumbo jets,for example,are quieter than the older ones,yet they are more powerful and carry twice as many passengers. All of these methods are only partial measures as noisy levels

28、 continue to rise. Most specialists in the field agree that much of the solution must come from eliminating some of the noise at its source,therefore saving through prevention the large costs of hearing loss. 41 The noise level for possible bearing loss begins at about_. （ A） 30 decibels （ B） 75 dec

29、ibels （ C） 100 decibels （ D） none of the above 42 Jet pilots are being advised to land_. （ A） on longer runways （ B） from nearby areas （ C） after dark （ D） with reduced power 43 How many practical means for controlling noise does the author present? （ A） one （ B） two （ C） three （ D） four 44 The read

30、er can assume that airport of the future will_. （ A） have runways in a north-south pattern （ B） be located in unpopulated areas （ C） be required to warn passengers of high noise levels （ D） in nearby areas 45 Jumbo jets are mentioned as examples of_. （ A） efficient transportation with low levels of

31、noise （ B） vehicles that cause serious air pollution （ C） scientific advances that do more harm than good （ D） quieter and older vehicle 45 Every time a person eats something he makes a nutritional decision. He accepts or rejects the food available to him at home for meals or snacks. Or he selects f

32、ood for himself at many places in the community, such as supermarkets,drive-ins,restaurants,and food counters in drugstores. These selections make a difference in how an individual looks,how he feels,and how well he can work and play. When a good assortment of food in appropriate amounts is selected

33、 and eaten,the consequences are more likely to be a desirable level of health and enough energy to allow one to be as active as one needs and wants to be. When choices are less than desirable,the consequences are likely to be poor health or limited energy or both. Studies of diets of individuals in

34、the United States show that food selection is a highly individual matter,even, among young children. Furthermore, far too many individuals of all ages ale making poor choices day after day and are either now living with the consequences or will be in the future. Nutritionists and workers in allied p

35、rofessions have been concerned about helping people learn to select and enjoy a wide variety of food combinations that can add up to a good diet. Most people believe that they are well fedthat the choices they make are good ones. After all, they are not really sick,neither are they hungry. However,t

36、heir nutrition is usually poor in one respect or another. Milk and milk products,such as cheeses,ice cream or milk,buttermilk,and yogurt,are often slighted. Then people may skip many fruits and vegetables,particularly those that are good sources of vitamins A and C. These include dark green. Leafy v

37、egetables;deep yellow vegetables;and citrus fruits and vegetables, such as cabbage,tomatoes,and green peppers. Every American has the right to choose to be uniformed about nutrition as well as to be informed. If a person believes that she is well fed,attitudes,habits,and information cannot be forced

38、 upon her. There are life situations, however, that tend to cause all individual to want to know how to make the best choices. For example,a young couple is starting a family and must prepare food for young children. 46 Food preference in America is_. （ A） culturally oriented （ B） inherited （ C） ind

39、ividualistic （ D） according to ages 47 Good amounts of vitamin A can be found in_. （ A） celery （ B） banana （ C） milk （ D） cabbage 48 According to the author,nutritionists are concerned with_. （ A） improving the vitamin content of processed foods （ B） restricting the manufacture of high cholesterol f

40、oods （ C） informing the public about wholesome foods （ D） helping people enjoying uninformed about nutrition 49 Some people judge their nutrition by the_. （ A） status of their health （ B） grocery stores where they shop （ C） amount of protein in their diets （ D） food they took 50 The author advocates

41、_. （ A） requiring high school students to take courses on nutrition （ B） making information on nutrition available to the public （ C） forcing food manufacturers to list ingredients on packages （ D） people has the right to choose food 50 It didnt happen overnight. The problem of polluted air has been

42、 festering for centuries. Suddenly the problem of air pollution is becoming critical and is erupting right before our eyes. Not only do our eyes burn as they focus through murky air,but when the air clears,we see trees and vegetation dying. We must realize that this destruction can no longer be pinn

43、ed to some mysterious cause. The one major culprit is air pollution. Todays air pollution is an unfortunate by-product of the growth of civilization. Civilized mall desires goods that require heavy industrialization and mass production. Machines and factories sometimes pollute and taint the air with

44、 substances that are dangerous to man and the environment. These substances include radioactive dust,salt spray,herbicide and pesticide aerosols, liquid droplets of acidic matter,gases, and sometimes soil particles. These materials can act alone to irritate objects and forms of life. More dangerousl

45、y,they join together to act upon the environment. Only lately have we begun recognizing some of their dangerous consequences. Scientists have not yet been able to obtain a complete report on the effects of air pollution on trees. They do know,however,that sulfur dioxide,fluorides,and ozone destroy t

46、rees and that individual trees re-spond differently to the numerous particulate and gaseous pollutants. Sometimes trees growing in a single area under attack by pollutants will show symptoms of injury or will die while their neighbors remain healthy. Scientists believe this difference in response de

47、pends on the kind of tree and its genetic makeup. Other factors,such as the trees stage of growth and nearness to the pollution source,the amount of pol-lutant,and the length of the pollution attack also play a part. In short, whether or not a tree dies as a result of air pollution depends on a comb

48、ination of host and envimn-mental factors. For the most part,air pollutants injure trees. To conifers,which have year-round needles,air pollution causes early balding. In this event,trees cannot maintain normal food production levels. Undernourished and weakened, they are open to attack by a host of

49、 insects,diseases,and other environmental stresses. Death often follows. Air pollution may also cause hardwoods to lose their leaves. Because their leaves are borne only for a partion of the year and are replaced the following year,air pollution injury to hardwoods may not be so severe. 51 The author attributes todays air pollution to_. （ A） the growth of civilization （ B） mans carelessness （ C