[外语类试卷]浙江大学考博英语模拟试卷1及答案与解析.doc

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1、浙江大学考博英语模拟试卷 1及答案与解析 一、 Structure and Vocabulary 1 The captain decided to_the burning ship after he had found there was no hope. （ A） avoid （ B） abandon （ C） dismiss （ D） destroy 2 Under the_that we needed money badly, we had to accept a very low price when we sold the house. （ A） circumstances （ B）

2、 occasions （ C） conditions （ D） situations 3 We have to_the wheat as soon as possible because a storm is on the way. （ A） get away （ B） get across （ C） get through （ D） get in 4 All transactions are strictly_, and we never sell, rent or trade any customers name. （ A） confident （ B） consecutive （ C）

3、confidential （ D） consequential 5 If you had taken my advice, you_a doctor now. （ A） are （ B） would be （ C） have been （ D） should be 6 It gave me a strange feeling of excitement to see my name in_. （ A） news （ B） print （ C） publication （ D） press 7 Nick is unusually bright, so his great success has

4、been_. （ A） hoped （ B） expected （ C） promised （ D） asked 8 I just managed to_a quick breath before I was sucked under the water by the passing boat. （ A） snatch （ B） scratch （ C） scrape （ D） scan 9 Having lived in the town for quite a few years, Mr. Johnson no longer felt_among the local people. （ A

5、） out of order （ B） out of place （ C） out of control （ D） out of the question 10 It was unfortunate that many houses_in the big fire. （ A） were to be destroyed （ B） have been destroyed （ C） had been destroyed （ D） were being destroyed 11 The doctor gave the patient a(n)_examination to discover the c

6、ause of his collapse. （ A） thorough （ B） universal （ C） exact （ D） whole 12 Since she was accustomed to having her own room, it was difficult for her to _ a roommate. （ A） put up from （ B） put up by （ C） put up with （ D） put up to 13 It was about time that they_a real effort to settle their quarrel

7、in a friendly way. （ A） make （ B） will make （ C） are making （ D） made 14 Human beings are superior to animals _ they can use language as a tool to communicate. （ A） like （ B） while （ C） when （ D） for 15 _the weather has improved, well be able to enjoy watching the tennis game. （ A） Providing that （

8、B） Now that （ C） So that （ D） Considered that 二、 Cloze 15 Salesmen depend upon the person-to-person approach in trying to persuade consumers to buy. Advertising, however, has to depend upon reaching consumers【 C1】_through messages on radio and television, in the newspapers, or even on handbills【 C2】

9、 _you in the street.【 C3】 _, the purpose of advertising is to sell goods. This means that the advertiser is going to try to【 C4】 _you think you want something his something whether you need it or not.【 C5】 _, the advertiser is【 C6】 _a demand for his product. This is fine. Remember, all the goods 【 C

10、7】_today, have to be sold. And you cannot buy something if you do not know about it. Later, we shall discuss the pros and cons of advertising. First, let us see how advertisers try to reach the teenage consumer. Of course, many of the advertising gimmicks used to sell to teenagers are used to sell t

11、o adults【 C8】 _All consumers have certain【 C9】 _needs or wants: food, clothing, and 【 C10】 _But those needs of most teenagers are provided for by their parents. Even here, though, advertisers【 C11】_to teenagers because they know that the kind of food Mom buys or the furnishings in a teenage girls ro

12、om will be【 C12】 _determined by teenagers. Teenagers are interested in how much an item will cost. They are interested in whether they are getting【 C13】 _value for their dollars. They want to know what service they can【 C14】 _after buying the product. Advertisers let you know this. Teenagers, just l

13、ike all other consumers, are【 C15】 _by brand names. Advertisers try to get teenagers used to a brand because they know that, in later years, the teenagers will【 C16】 _to this brand. Therefore, commercials are repeated over and over again【 C17】 _radio and television. We soon get to know them【 C18】 _.

14、 Some advertisers stay with【 C19】 _radio or television stars, and consumers come to associate a product with a famous person. Since teenagers spend a lot of time listening to the radio and watching television, this【 C20】 _of advertising is very important. 16 【 C1】 （ A） directly （ B） independently （

15、C） indirectly （ D） freely 17 【 C2】 （ A） give （ B） given to （ C） to give （ D） given 18 【 C3】 （ A） Therefore （ B） However （ C） First of all （ D） Once again 19 【 C4】 （ A） persuade （ B） make （ C） perform （ D） influence 20 【 C5】 （ A） In a word （ B） In spite of that （ C） In other words （ D） In any event 2

16、1 【 C6】 （ A） developing （ B） meeting （ C） creating （ D） presenting 22 【 C7】 （ A） being produced （ B） produced （ C） producing （ D） to be produced 23 【 C8】 （ A） at least （ B） as well （ C） at large （ D） as a rule 24 【 C9】 （ A） legal （ B） private （ C） real （ D） basic 25 【 C10】 （ A） safety （ B） security

17、（ C） sleep （ D） shelter 26 【 C11】 （ A） apply （ B） appeal （ C） approve （ D） appoint 27 【 C12】 （ A） partly （ B） barely （ C） simply （ D） finally 28 【 C13】 （ A） safe （ B） solid （ C） same （ D） some 29 【 C14】 （ A） examine （ B） express （ C） expect （ D） extend 30 【 C15】 （ A） influenced （ B） affected （ C） ef

18、fected （ D） cheated 31 【 C16】 （ A） stick （ B） stack （ C） stock （ D） stuck 32 【 C17】 （ A） on （ B） in （ C） at （ D） with 33 【 C18】 （ A） at heart （ B） in heart （ C） with heart （ D） by heart 34 【 C19】 （ A） plain （ B） pretty （ C） particular （ D） professional 35 【 C20】 （ A） term （ B） pattern （ C） fashion （

19、 D） form 三、 Reading Comprehension 35 Yet with economies in free fall, managers also need up-to-date information about what is happening to their businesses, so that they can change course rapidly if necessary. Cisco, an American network-equipment giant, has invested over many years in the technology

20、 needed to generate such data. Frank Calderoni, the firms CFO, says that every day its senior executives can track exactly what orders are coming in from sales teams around the world, and identify emerging trends in each region and market segment. And at the end of each month, the firm can get relia

21、ble financial results within four hours of closing its books. Most firms have to wait days or even weeks for such certainty. Admittedly, Ciscos financial results have not made happy reading recently because, in common with many other large technology companies, it has seen demand for its products de

22、cline in the downturn. In early February it announced that its fiscal second-quarter revenues of $ 9. 1 billion were 7. 5% lower than the same period in 2008 and that its profit had fallen by 27% , to $ 1. 5 billion. In response to hard times, Cisco plans to cut $ 1 billion of costs this year by, am

23、ong other things, making use of its own video-conferencing and other communications technologies to reduce the amount of its executives travel. It is also using these facilities to relay information from employees on the ground to its senior managers, and to get instructions from Ciscos leaders back

24、 out to its 67, 000 staff. A rapid exchange of information and instructions is especially valuable if the company wants to alter course in stormy times. If everybody in a company can rapidly grasp what they have to do and how it is changing, they are more likely to get the job done. But some firms a

25、re reluctant to share their goals with the wider world. Unilever, a big Anglo-Dutch consumer goods group, has decided against issuing a 2009 financial forecast to investors, arguing that it is difficult to predict what is going to happen, given the dangerous state of the world economy. “Were not jus

26、t going to provide numbers for the sake of it,“ explains James Allison, the companys head of investor relations. Other companies that have decided not to provide annual earnings estimates for 2009 include Costco, a big American retailer, and Union Pacific, an American railway company. Some firms, su

27、ch as Intel, seem to have chosen to take things quarter by quarter. The giant chipmaker(芯片制造商 )said in January that it would not issue an official forecast for the first quarter of 2009 after its fourth-quarter 2008 profit decreased by 90% . Several retail chains have also stopped providing monthly

28、sales estimates because they cannot see what the future holds. Retailers, chipmakers and firms in many other industries may have a long wait before the economic fog finally lifts. 36 What can we learn about Cisco from the passage? （ A） It will keep a record of the orders from sales teams. （ B） It cu

29、t $ 1 billion cost by solely relying on its own technologies. （ C） Unlike other technology companies, its financial reports are encouraging. （ D） Only employees can use the video-conferencing to pass information. 37 According to the author, the staff can perform better by_. （ A） getting instructions

30、 from their senior managers （ B） seizing what to do at hand and what to do next （ C） having a financial forecast as a goal （ D） sharing their goals with others 38 What is important in the unstable time if a company wants to change strategies? （ A） Issue companys financial reports faster. （ B） Obtain

31、 the up-to-date information of companys business. （ C） Predict what is going to happen in the future. （ D） Wait until the economic fog finally lifts. 39 The reason Unilever plans not to issue financial forecast in 2009 lies in_. （ A） their reluctance to share their goal with others （ B） their rapid

32、grasp of changes in the markets （ C） the unstable economic situation （ D） their reduction in the cost of prediction 40 What can we know about the giant chipmaker Intel in the passage? （ A） It did not issue first-quarter forecast for great decrease in January. （ B） Inters chain store used to report s

33、ales estimates by year. （ C） Only retailers and chipmakers are greatly influenced. （ D） Intels profit was greatly decreased in 2008s last quarter. 40 Historians have only recently begun to note the increase in demand for luxury goods and services that took place in eighteenth-century England. McKend

34、rick has explored the Wedgwood firms remarkable success in marketing luxury pottery; Plumb has written about the proliferation of provincial theater, musical festivals, and childrens toys and books. While the fact of this consumer revolution is hardly in doubt, three key questions remain: Who were t

35、he consumers? What were their motives? And what were the effects of the new demand for luxuries? An answer to the first of these has been difficult to obtain. Although it has been possible to infer from the goods and services actually produced what manufacturers and servicing trades thought their cu

36、stomers wanted, only a study of relevant personal documents written by actual consumers will provide a precise picture of who wanted what. We still need to know how large this consumer market was and how far down the social scale the consumer demand for luxury goods penetrated. With regard to this l

37、ast question, we might note in passing that Thompson, while rightly restoring laboring people to the stage of eighteenth-century English history, has probably exaggerated the opposition of these people to the inroads of capitalist consumerism in general; for example, laboring people in eighteenth-ce

38、ntury England readily shifted from home-brewed beer to standardized beer produced by huge, heavily capitalized urban breweries. To answer the question of why consumers became so eager to buy, some historians have pointed to the ability of manufacturers to advertise in a relatively uncensored press.

39、This, however, hardly seems a sufficient answer. Mckendrick favors a veblem model of conspicuous consumption stimulated by competition for status. The “middling sort“ bought goods and services because they wanted to follow fashions set by the rich. Again, we may wonder whether this explanation is su

40、fficient. Do not people enjoy buying things as a form of self-gratification? If so, consumerism could be seen as a product of the rise of new concepts of individualism and materialism, but not necessarily of the frenzy for conspicuous competition. Finally, what were the consequences of this consumer

41、 demand for luxuries? McKendrick claims that it goes a long way toward explaining the coming of the Industrial Revolution. But does it? What, for example, does the production of high-quality pottery and toys have to do with the development of iron manufacture or textile mills? It is perfectly possib

42、le to have the psychology and reality of a consumer society without a heavy industrial sector. That future exploration of these key questions is undoubtedly necessary should not, however, diminish the force of the conclusion of recent studies: The insatiable demand in eighteenth-century England for

43、frivolous as well as useful goods and services foreshadows our own world. 41 In the first paragraph, the author mentions McKendrick and Plumb most probably in order to （ A） contrast their views on the subject of luxury consumerism in eighteenth-century England （ B） indicate the inadequacy of histori

44、ographical approaches to eighteenth-century English history （ C） give examples of historians who have helped to establish the fact of growing consumerism in eighteenth-century England （ D） support the contention that key questions about eighteenth-century consumerism remain to be answered 42 Which o

45、f the following items, if preserved from eighteenth-century England, would provide an example of the kind of documents mentioned in Sentence 2, Paragraph 2? （ A） A written agreement between a supplier of raw materials and a supplier of luxury goods. （ B） A diary that mentions luxury goods and servic

46、es purchased by its author. （ C） A theater ticket stamped with the date and name of a particular play. （ D） A payroll record from a company that produced luxury goods such as pottery. 43 According to the text, Thompson attributes to laboring people in eighteenth-century England which of the followin

47、g attitudes toward capitalist consumerism? （ A） Enthusiasm. （ B） Curiosity. （ C） Ambivalence. （ D） Hostility. 44 In the third paragraph, the author is primarily concerned with_. （ A） contrasting two theses and offering a compromise （ B） questioning two explanations and proposing a possible alternati

48、ve to them （ C） paraphrasing the work of two historians and questioning their assumptions （ D） examining two theories and endorsing one over the other 45 According to the text, eighteenth-century England and the contemporary world of the text readers are_. （ A） dissimilar in the extent to which luxu

49、ry consumerism could be said to be widespread among the social classes （ B） dissimilar in their definitions of luxury goods and services （ C） dissimilar in the extent to which luxury goods could be said to be stimulant of industrial development （ D） similar in their strong demand for a variety of goods and services 45 The US vetoed a UN Security Council resolution calling on