[外语类试卷]大学英语四级（2013年12月考试改革适用）模拟试卷73及答案与解析.doc

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1、大学英语四级（ 2013年 12月考试改革适用）模拟试卷 73及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing 1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay. You should star! your essay with a brief description of the picture and then express your views on the importance of environmental protection. You should write at least 120 wor

2、ds but no more than 180 words. Write your essay on Answer Sheet 1. Section A （ A） Improve community service quickly. （ B） Study French with him. （ C） Practice French with local people. （ D） Find out some French courses. （ A） The gallery might be closed before they arrive. （ B） The gallery is a right

3、 place to visit. （ C） It isnt worth getting upset about the delay. （ D） Its relaxing to appreciate paintings. （ A） Pick up the woman at five. （ B） Meet the woman at the restaurant. （ C） Buy some food from a restaurant. （ D） Repair his car after dinner. （ A） She needs to change a roommate. （ B） She i

4、s angry with the time change. （ C） Her roommate cant come to the meeting. （ D） Her roommate is a terrible message-taker. （ A） He prefers Germany to other European countries. （ B） He prefers large notes when traveling. （ C） Hed rather take travelers checks than cash. （ D） He lost his wallet when trav

5、eling in Europe. （ A） His classes are very difficult. （ B） He will publish a book soon. （ C） His work is well respected. （ D） He is often interviewed by the press. （ A） Its good of Jones to help his friend. （ B） Its convenient to move at weekends. （ C） Not many people spend weekends at home. （ D） Jo

6、nes helped them put up a new tent. （ A） Hed like to take the woman to work. （ B） Hell try to get a ride from someone else. （ C） Judys home is nearer to the office. （ D） Judy has agreed to give him a ride. （ A） Do the interior decoration. （ B） Make a shopping list. （ C） Buy the materials. （ D） Make a

7、 design of the decoration. （ A） Make a schedule for their decoration. （ B） Get everything needed purchased in one trip. （ C） Be the weekend fighters through purchasing. （ D） Go shopping as early as possible. （ A） Have the interior decoration done by themselves. （ B） Go shopping together to make it a

8、s expected. （ C） Buy building materials at different departments. （ D） Make a detailed plan and allocate the shopping list. （ A） He thinks he is too tired to do it. （ B） He does not care about it. （ C） He wants to change it. （ D） He agrees with it. （ A） It is very hot outside the room. （ B） The air

9、conditioner makes the room hot. （ C） He fed the pig just now. （ D） He did morning exercise just now. （ A） Its cool and wet. （ B） Its hot and wet. （ C） Its cool and dry. （ D） Its hot and dry. （ A） Do the housework for her. （ B） Give a winter coat to her. （ C） Get her a cup of hot tea. （ D） Get her a

10、glass of iced tea. Section B （ A） Latin was his mother tongue. （ B） He wrote Paradise Lost. （ C） He entered Oxford University. （ D） He began to study Latin at college. （ A） He could not distinguish Latin and English. （ B） He misused Latin and English frequently. （ C） He did not learn Latin well enou

11、gh. （ D） His Latin was pronounced the same as English. （ A） Because he was good at Latin. （ B） Because he read lots of Latin poems. （ C） Because he was already a poet. （ D） Because he worked harder than others. （ A） Low-income smokers spend too much money on cigarettes. （ B） High taxes on cigarettes

12、 were not satisfactory and effective. （ C） Smoking low-quality cigarettes is very bad for smokers health. （ D） It is very difficult for low-income smokers to access cigarettes. （ A） They were totally unwilling to quit. （ B） They were tempted to smoke by people around. （ C） They were so addicted to s

13、moking for relaxation. （ D） The government did not help them to do so. （ A） Because they advocate more cigarette taxes. （ B） Because they do not do anything for the smokers. （ C） Because they argue what they have done for smokers rights. （ D） Because they approve antismoking program but increase tax

14、es. （ A） The problems of peoples stressful life. （ B） The negative influence of stress on people. （ C） The cause of stress and the way to lessen it. （ D） The urgency to erase stress in peoples life. （ A） Tiresome things. （ B） Too much food. （ C） Emotional and physical problems. （ D） Enough exercise.

15、 （ A） Make ourselves too tired to notice stress. （ B） Dont notice the small things in life. （ C） Face our stress as bravely as possible. （ D） Learn to relax our body and mind. （ A） Make a change of it. （ B） Avoid confronting it. （ C） Make others understand it. （ D） Make sure how serious it is. Secti

16、on C 26 Women know that a lack of sleep leaves them irritable. However, most of them【 B1】 _the damage it may be doing to their skin. Besides, being an essential【 B2】 _of a healthy lifestyle, getting 8 hours of sleep per night helps【 B3】_their skin. During the night the skin is【 B4】 _from the harmful

17、 effects of daily stress. When they do not get the required sleep their skin suffers. This is【 B5】_noticeable in the skin under the eyes. The under eye area is almost 50 percent thinner than the skin on the face. Sleepless nights【 B6】 _fine lines, dark circles. Make-up treatments can soften the effe

18、cts of sleep deprivation but preventive medicine is the best cure. Eye treatments are【 B7】 _in their ability and cannot reverse the stress that a lack of sleep will do to the skin. Sleep【 B8】 _say that women need 8 hours of sleep per night. However, the latest research shows that women average 6 hou

19、rs and forty minutes of sleep during the week and 7 hours on the weekend. Besides the extra work that women have to contend with 【 B9】 _homework, laundry, cooking, etc. and the many concerns that keep them from sleep, women are also【 B10】 _by small children who wake during the night, teenagers comin

20、g home late, aging parents who get up during the night. 27 【 B1】 28 【 B2】 29 【 B3】 30 【 B4】 31 【 B5】 32 【 B6】 33 【 B7】 34 【 B8】 35 【 B9】 36 【 B10】 Section A 36 While its easy enough to brush off a few sleepless nights with a pot of coffee and the occasional desk nap, you may be doing more harm than

21、you realise. According to a new study from Surrey University, having less than six hours of sleep per night can actually shut down genes that play a key role in the bodys【 C1】 _of self-repair. We rely on our genes to constantly produce the proteins needed to【 C2】 _the wear on our bodies tissue that

22、we suffer throughout the day. But when scientists divided 26 volunteers into two groups one of which slept for less than 6 hours per night for an entire week and the other for 10 hours per night some of the sleep-deprived groups genes actually stopped working. The functions of 711 genes in total wer

23、e altered in some way,【 C3】 _ones involved in metabolism(新陈代谢 ), inflammation(炎症 ), immunity and stress. There is some good news though; a week of normal sleep was enough to【 C4】 _the malfunctioning genes back to peak condition, but should the【 C5】 _sleep patterns continue, health problems that aren

24、t quite so easily reversible, like obesity(肥胖 )and heart disease, have a【 C6】 _chance of cropping up. And this study only scratches the【 C7】 _according to Professor Colin Smith, one of the scientists【 C8】_in the study: This is only a week of sleep【 C9】 _and it is only five and a half or six hours a

25、night, Many people have that amount of sleep for weeks, months and maybe even years so we have no idea how much【 C10】 _ it might be. A)experiment I)slight B)high J)specifically C)involved K)substitute D)namely L)surface E)process M)unhealthy F)restore N)unstable G)restriction O)worse H)reverse 37 【

26、C1】 38 【 C2】 39 【 C3】 40 【 C4】 41 【 C5】 42 【 C6】 43 【 C7】 44 【 C8】 45 【 C9】 46 【 C10】 Section B 46 How Your Language Affects Your Wealth and Health A.)Does the language we speak determine how healthy and rich we will be? New research by Keith Chen of Yale Business School suggests so. The structure o

27、f languages affects our judgments and decisions about the future and this might have dramatic long-term consequences. B)There has been a lot of research into how we deal with the future. For example, the famous marshmallow(棉花软糖 )studies of Walter Mischel and colleagues showed that being able to resi

28、st temptation is predictive of future success. Four-year-old kids were given a marshmallow and were told that if they did not eat that marshmallow and waited for the experimenter to come back, they would get two marshmallows instead of one. Follow-up studies showed that the kids who were able to wai

29、t for the bigger future reward became more successful young adults. C)Resisting our impulses for immediate pleasure is often the only way to attain the outcomes that are important to us. We want to keep a slim figure but we also want that last slice of pizza. Some people are better at delaying satis

30、faction than others. Those people have a better chance of accumulating wealth and keeping a healthy life style. They are less likely to be impulse buyers or smokers. D)Chens recent findings suggest that an unlikely factor, language, strongly affects our future-oriented behavior. Some languages stron

31、gly distinguish the present and the future. Other languages only weakly distinguish the present and the future. Chens recent research suggests that people who speak languages that weakly distinguish the present and the future are better prepared for the future. They accumulate more wealth and they a

32、re better able to maintain their health. The way these people conceptualize(概念化 )the future is similar to the way they conceptualize the present. As a result, the future does not feel very distant and it is easier for them to act in accordance with their future interests. E)Different languages have

33、different ways of talking about the future. Some languages, such as English, require their speakers to refer to the future explicitly. Every time English-speakers talk about the future, they have to use future markers such as “ will“. In other languages, such as Mandarin(汉语普通话 ), future markers are

34、not obligatory. The future is often talked about similar to the way present is talked about and the meaning is understood from the context. Languages such as English constantly remind their speakers that future events are distant. For speakers of languages such as Mandarin, future feels closer. As a

35、 consequence, resisting immediate impulses and investing for the future is easier for Mandarin speakers. F)Chen analyzed individual-level data from 76 developed and developing countries. This data includes peoples economic decisions, such as whether they saved any money last year, the languages they

36、 speak at home, demographics(人口统计特征 ), and cultural factors such as “ saving is an important cultural value for me“. He also analyzed individual-level data on peoples retirement assets, smoking and exercising habits, and general health in older age. Lastly, he analyzed national-level data that inclu

37、des national savings rates, country GDP and GDP growth rates, country demographics, and proportions of people speaking different languages. G)Peoples savings rates are affected by various factors such as their income, education level, age, religious affiliation(隶属关系 ), their countries legal systems,

38、 and their cultural values. After those factors were accounted for, the effect of language on peoples savings rates turned out to be big. Speaking a language that has obligatory future markers, such as English, makes people 30 percent less likely to save money for the future. This effect is as large

39、 as the effect of unemployment. Being unemployed decreases the likelihood of saving by about 30 percent as well. H)Similar analyses showed that speaking a language that does not have obligatory future markers, such as Mandarin, makes people accumulate more retirement assets, smoke less, exercise mor

40、e, and generally be healthier in older age. Countries national savings rates are also affected by language. Having a larger proportion of people speaking a language that does not have obligatory future markers makes national savings rates higher. I)This is an unconventional way of explaining peoples

41、 consumption-saving decisions and health-related behavior. More conventional factors include dispositional(意向的 ), situational, motivational, and cultural factors. The marshmallow studies focus on dispositional factors being able to delay satisfaction is an inherent ability. Other researches have loo

42、ked at situational factors. For example, researches have shown that simply rearranging the placement of food and beverages (饮料 )in a cafeteria can improve sales of healthy items. Other research has focused on motivational factors. People often need to curb their current desire to consume in order to

43、 reach their future goal of getting out of debt. Researches have shown that closing smaller debt accounts first gives a sense of accomplishment early on, boosts motivation, and increases the likelihood of completely getting rid of debt. The motivational effect is beneficial even if closing off small

44、er debt accounts does not make economic sense, for instance when the bigger debt accounts have higher interest rates attached to them. Other research has investigated cultural factors. It has been argued that Americans spend more than they need to because they want to emulate(仿效 )the lifestyles and

45、spending patterns of people who are much richer than themselves. Chens findings suggest that maybe we should focus more on how we talk about the future in order to improve our intertemporal(跨期的 )decision making. J)These results also provide evidence for the language-cognition link, which has stirred

46、 some controversy among researchers. Early 20th century thinkers such as Ferdinand de Saussure and Ludwig Wittgenstein were among the first who argued that language can impact the way people think and act. More recently, Steven Pinker argued that we think in a universal grammar and languages do not

47、significantly shape our thinking. The issue is still hotly debated. K)At a more practical level, researchers have been looking for ways to help people act in accordance with their long-term interests. Recent findings suggest that making the future feel closer to the present might improve future-orie

48、nted behavior. For instance, researchers recently presented people with renderings of their future selves made using age-progression algorithms(运算法则 )that forecast how physical appearances would change over time. One group of participants saw a digital representation of their current selves in a vir

49、tual mirror, and the other group saw an age-morphed (演变的 )version of their future selves. Those participants who saw the age-morphed version of their future selves allocated more money toward a virtual savings account. The intervention brought peoples future to the present and as a result they saved more for the future. L)Chens research shows that language structures our future-related thoughts. Chens research points at the possibility tha